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Nt hag ves io : yo Regt i re di el Ss ye Pz d Me ea - ra . . ; Ne ee - £ “a Bd ru te ee a ie fig gi he 2/ THE GARDENS BULLETIN SINGAPORE | Vol. XVIII, Part I 31st December, 1960 ADI ~ CONTENTS PAGE Corner, E. J. H.: Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia, Sections 5 & 6 : ; . ; 1 To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore Price: $5. Published by Authority PrInreD BY Lee Kim HENG, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORE. 1960 PHA WPV VU PV VB PUPVPUOUPUPY\ OVW PUPPY POVOOVPVDUPVPUPOMWPVPYVPUCPUVPVPYUPVPVPUPV\PVAO UV. PV PAYA’ PDI? . npg erentianaattiare ant > we ea fC bedi 5 — U5 3 ~ QADDAAMAMAAMAVIPMVAPADAIA A PU mA Nee Pi oN i mt 4 t { JUN 6 19b1 } =. tid. ‘ SG THE GARDENS BULLETIN SINGAPORE UVP. BYV VBA AAA AMA AAA 2AM Vol. XVIII, Part I Issued 31st December, 1960 Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia V. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. RHIZOCLADUS, KALOSYCE, SINOSYCIDIUM, ADENOSPERMA, AND NEOMORPHE By E. J. H. CORNER Botany School, University of Cambridge Summary sect. Rhizocladus Endl. New series and subseries:—ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner, sub- ser. Plagiostigmaticae, subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner; ser. Ramentaceae Corner, subser. Pantonianae Corner, subser. Balanotae Corner, subser. Irritantes Corner, subser. Ramentaceae, subser. Excavatae Corner, subser. Araneosae Corner: ser. Disti- choideae Corner:; ser. Distichae Corner; ser. Trichocarpeae Corner. Earlier specific names and resulting combinations: ——F. sarmen- tosa B. Ham. ex J. E. Sm. (F. foveolata Wall.), var. duclouxii (Lévl. et Vant.) Corner, v. henryi (King) Corner, v. impressa (Champ.) Corner, v. lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner, v. luducca (Roxb.) Corner et f. sessilis Corner, v. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.) Corner, v. thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner; F. sagittata Vahl (F. ramentacea Roxb.) v. adhaerens (Miq.) Corner, v. minor Corner, v. oligosperma (Miq.) Corner; F. hederacea Roxb. (F. seandens Roxb.) ; F. trichocarpa Bl. v. borneensis (Miq.) Corner, v. obscura (Hassk.) Corner, v. piperifolia (Miq.) Corner. Gardens Bulletin, S. New species:—F. amblisyce Corner, F. devestiens Corner, F. ceanothifolia Corner, F. oxymitroides Corner, F. sphaerocarpa Corner, F. spiralis Corner, F. uncinulata Corner, F. pendens Cor- ner et var. appressa Corner, F. supperforata Corner, F. callicar- pides Corner, F. detonsa Corner, F. phaeobullata Corner, F. semilanata Corner, F. cinnamomea Corner, F. hypophaeola Corner. New varieties: —F. pubigera Wall. v. anserina Corner, v. mali- formis (King) Corner; F. pumila Linn. v. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner; F. laevis Bl. v. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner; F. pantoniana King v. colobocarpa Diels ex Corner, v. rhytidophloea Corner; F. odoardi King v. glabrata Corner; F. baeuerleni King v. vulcani- formis Corner; F. villosa Bl. v. appressa Corner, v. subglobosa Corner, v. tonsa Corner; F. recurva Bl. v. bridelioides Corner, v. elegantior Corner, v. lasiocarpa Corner, v. pedicellata Corner; F. lanata Bl. v. foveolata Corner; F. distichoidea Diels v. megacarpa Corner; F. phatnophylla Diels v. glochidioides Corner, v. meio- carpa (Diels) Corner; F. agapetoides Diels v. solomonensis Cor- ner; F. nasuta Summerh. v. glabrata Corner. sect. Kalosyce (Miq.) Corner. New series and subseries:—ser. Apiocarpeae Corner, ser. Punc- tatae Corner, subser. Punctatae, subser. Ruginerviae Corner. Earlier specific epithet and resulting combinations:—F. auran- tiacea Griff. (F. callicarpa Miq.), v. angustifolia Corner, v. parvi- folia Corner. New species: —F. ruginervia Corner. New varieties: —F. apiocarpa Miq. v. villosa Corner; F. scrat- chleyana King v. aurantiola Corner, v. rhopalosycia (Diels) Corner. sect. Sinosycidium Corner; F. tsiangii Merr. ex Corner. sect. Adenosperma Corner. Earlier specific epithets:—F. mollior F.v.M. ex Benth. (F. gazellae Engl.), F. casearioides King (F. hylobia Diels), F. ery- throsperma Migq. (F. pycnoneura Laut. et K. Schum.). New species: —F. saccata Corner, F. verticillaris Corner et var. robusta Corner, F. austrina Corner, F. tenella Corner, F. funi- culosa Corner. New varieties: —F. mollior F.v.M. v. pseudocovellia Corner, v. sessilis Corner et f. riparia Corner; F. adenosperma Miq. v. ade- nosperma f. angustifolia Corner, v. chaetophora (Warb.) Corner, v. glabra Corner, v. microlepis Corner; F. casearioides King v. gamosepala Corner; F. trichocerasa Diels vy. glabristipula Corner. 2 Vol. XVIII. (1960). sect. Neomorphe King. 7 New series and subseries:—ser. Auriculatae Corner, ser. Varie- gatae Corner, subser. Variegatae et subser. Laciniatae Cornet. _ New species:—F. robusta Corner, F. semivestita Corner. New varieties: F. variegata Bl. v. garciae (Elmer) Corner, v. ilangoides (Elmer) Corner, var. sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. RHIZOCLADUS ENDL. Gen. Pl. Suppl. IV, 2 (1847) 34. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.— This section has never been employed but it is a good one for most climbing figs usually assigned to sect. Ficus (Eusyce). The habit of climbing with adventitious roots from the nodes, while retaining attachment with the soil and not becoming epiphytic, occurs also in sect. Kalosyce (Synoecia). Both sections agree in the oblong com- pressed seed, often narrowly winged, and this shape is diagnos- tically different from the lenticular, reniform, or tuberculate seed of sect. Ficus. In sect. Rhizociadus the male flower has two sta- mens, in Kalosyce only one. In both there are neuter flowers in the seed-fig in place of the male in the gall-fig, and sect. Kalosyce is distinguished by the abundance of stalked neuter flowers through- out the seed-fig. The two sections might be considered as a fifth subgenus, developed predominantly in the Malaysian high forest, but the floral details agree so closely with those of subgen. Ficus that I prefer to leave them as sections. In sect. Rhizocladus I distinguish five series and eight subseries. ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner ser. nov.—Varinga Raf. Sylv. Tel- lur. (1838) 58.—Tenorea Gasp. Parl. Giorn. Bot. 2 (1844) 214; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3 (1845) 343.—Plagiostigma Zucc. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2 (1846) 98 (nom. nud.); Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. 3 (1880) 1224.—Ficus sect. Plagiostigma (Zucc.) Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 436.—subgen. Plagiostigma (Zucc.) Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 294.—-Antherae mucronatae, fila- menta libera v. leviter connata. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares. Receptacula maturitate lutea, brunneo-lutea, v. purpureo-nigra, haud rubra (? F. laevis), otiolo haud v. vix depresso: bracteis basa- libus persistentibus: setis internis copiosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Cystolitha hypogena. India, China, Japan to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, 4 spp. Typus:—F. pumila Linn. subser. Plagiostigmaticae.—Folia disticha, supra nervis nervu- lisque leviter elevatis, subtus areolis foveolatis v. nervulis reti- culatis bene elevatis: bathyphylla bene evoluta, minora, appressa, 3 Gardens Bulletin, S- brevipetiolata, saepe asymmetrica. Receptacula axillaria, pedun- culata sed raro pedicellata. 3 spp. Typus:—F. pumila Linn. subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner subser. nov.— Pogonotrophe Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 525.—Ficus subgen. Pogonotrophe Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293.—Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita, saepe ovata, costis basalibus elongatis, supra nervis haud elevatis, subtus areolis planis nervulisque vix elevatis: bathyphylla vix distincta, haud appressa. Receptacula solitaria, axillaria v. cauliflora, pedunculata et saepe pedicellata. Species 1, F. laevis Bl. ser. Ramentaceae Corner ser. nov.—Ficus sect. Trematosycea Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 451.—subgen. Trematosycea Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293 (lectotypus, F. villosa Bl.).—subgen. Eumetamorphe Sata sect. Eusyce (Miq.) Benth. et Hook. subsect. Punctulifolieae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 329, 384 (lectotypus, F. villosa Bl.).—Antherae mucronatae, filamenta connata saepe in pedicello communi. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares. Receptacula axillaria v. ad ramulos defoliatos fasciculata, maturitate rubra: pedunculo brevi v. nullo, quam pedi- cello saepe bene evoluto breviori, v. receptacula sessilia. India, South China, usque ad Solomon Isl., 27 spp. Typus:—F. villosa Bl. subser. Pantonianae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis in pariete praedita: ostiolo plus minus depresso. Cysto- litha amphigena. 3 spp. Typus:—F. pantoniana King. subser. Balanotae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis praedita: ostiolo haud depresso, bracteis apicalibus con- spicuis. Cystolitha amphigena. 5 spp. Typus:—F. balanota Diels. subser. Irritantes Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis praedita: ostiolo depresso. Cystolitha amphigena. Pili rigidi irritantes. 5 spp. New Guinea. Typus:—F. odoardi King. subser. Ramentaceae.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis nullis (praeter F. urnigera Miq.): ostiolo depresso. Cystolitha amphi- gena. 10 spp. Typus:—F. villosa Bl. subser. Excavatae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis nullis: ostiolo vix depresso. Cystolitha hypogena. Lamina saepe subtus areolis foveolatis. 4 spp. Typus:—F. exca- vata Wall. ex King. subser. Araneosae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis praedita: ostiolo plano. Cystolitha hypergena. Floccoso- tomentosa pilis flexuosis. Species 1, F. araneosa King. 4 Vol. XVIII. (1960). ser. Distichoideae Corner ser. nov.—Antherae non mucronatae, filamenta libera. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares. Receptacula maturitate rubra, saepe pedunculata, pedicello nullo: bracteis basalibus plerumque caducis: ostiola depresso: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Folia disticha parva, plerumque obtusa, nervis nervulisque subtus vix elevatis, brunneo-areolata: bathy- phylla ut acrophylla sed minora. Cystolitha amphigena. Moluccas, New Guinea, Solomon Isl., 4 spp. Typus:—F. distichoidea Diels. ser. Distichae Corner ser. nov.—Ficus sect. Kissosycea Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 452 (lectotypus, F. scandens Roxb. ).—sect. Eusyce (Miq.) Benth. et Hook. subsect. Areolati- folieae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 327, 384 (lectotypus, F. areolata Elmer).—Antherae non mucronatae, filamenta libera v. leviter connata. Flores masculi et neutri dispersi. Receptacula saepe pedi- cellata: bracteis basalibus parvis, saepe caducis: setis internis nul- lis v. paucis minutis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Plus minus glabrae. Lamina sicca subtus brunneo-areolata: bathyphylla vix distincta. Cystolitha hypogena. Ceylon, India, China, usque ad ins. Philip- pine et Molucca, 5 spp. Typus:—F. disticha BI. ser. Trichocarpeae Corner ser. nov.—Antherae mucronatae longae, filamenta libera. Flores masculi et neutri dispersi, plerum- que sessiles, perianthio toto gamophyllo conico. Flores feminei et cecidiophori tepalis liberis ovario longioribus: ovario cecidiophoro plerumque rufo-brunneo. Receptacula pedunculata, raro etiam pedicellata, maturitate rubra v. purpureo-nigra: ostiolo haud de- presso v. vix: setis internis saepe copiosis: cellulis scleroticis copi- Osis v. nullis. Plerumque lamina. ovata, costis lateralibus utrin- secus 3-5 (—7), intercostis numerosis, costis basalibus ad 44+ laminae elongatis. Cystolitha plerumque hypogena. Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Solomon Isl., New Hebrides, 13 spp. Typus: —F. trichocarpa Bl. (F. obtusa Hassk.). ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner subser. Plagiostigmaticae F. pubigera Wall. ex Mig. var. anserina Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, costae, et receptacula pilis fulvidulis 1-3 mm. longis patentibus villosi. Ramuli 2—4 mm. crassi. Lamina —30 x 8 cm., elliptica, apice acuminata —27 mm. longo, basi subcordata v. rotundata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—7, intercostis —7, subtus areolis planis, nervis nervulisque elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 12-20 mm. Receptacula corpore 40-60 x 40-50 mm., ellipsoidea v. sub- globosa, ostiolo paulum depresso: pedunculo 3—15 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 4-6 mm. longis, ovatis, acutis: pedicello 10-20 5 Gardens Bulletin, S. mm. longo: setis internis —1 mm. longis, copiosis. Flores cecidio- phori tepalis flexuosis, inferne crassis induratis ochraceis, superne tenuibus rubris, ovario multo longioribus. Laos (Muang Aum, Chieng Kwang, Kerr 20955, typus herb. Br. Mus.). Ut v. maliformis King sed major, tepalis cecidiophoris bicolori- bus. var. maliformis (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. foveolata Wall. var. maliformis King et v. oleaeformis King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, pl. 168. F. pumila Linn. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner comb. nov.— F. awkeotsang Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 18 (1904) 151; Sata, Monogr. (1944) 43, 65, 91. F. sarmentosa B. Ham. ex J.E. Sm. Rees Cyclop. 14 (1810) n. 45.—F. cabur B. Ham. ex J. E. Sm. id. n. 47.—Pogonotrophe ? foveolata Wall. ex Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 77.— F. foveolata Wall. ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 294.—The types of F. sarmentosa and F. cabur are preserved in the herbarium of the Linnean Society of London (n. 1610.40, and 1610.41) and are unquestionably this species. var. duclouxii (Lévl. et Vant.) Corner comb. nov.—F. duclouxii Lévl. et Vant. Fedde’s Rep. 4 (1907) 84.—Yunnan:—Ducloux 106 (typus); Henry 9855:; Forrest 11127; Handel-Mazzetti 719; Schneider 408. var. henryi (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. foveolata Wall. v. henryi King ex D. Oliver, Hook. Ic. Pl. 19 (1889) t. 1824.—F. arisanensis Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 8 (1919) 114, f. 38.-—F. foveolata Wall. v. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo Fl. Formosa (1936) 45; Sata, Monogr. (1944) 43, 90.—Formosa, China (Szechwan and Yunnan to Chekiang). Formosa:—Wilson 9687, 10124. China:—Carles 639; R. C. Ching 1669, 2674; W. P. Fang 782; Henry 3008, 3552a (type): Hopkingson 379; Maire 601; Meyer 1518; C. Pei 10083; Pratt 139; Schneider 712: C. Silvestri 364-367, 2941, 3468-3471; W. T. Tsang 21419; Y. Tsiang 4902; Wilson 143, 2797. var. impressa (Champ.) Corner comb. nov.—F. impressa Champ. ex Benth. Hook. Kew J. Bot. 6 (1854) 76.—F. foveolata Wall. v. impressa (Champ.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134. var. lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner comb. nov.—F. botryoides Lévl. et Vant. Fedde’s Rep. 4 (1907) 83, non Baker.—F. lacrymans Lévl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou (1915) 431.—F. kwangtungensis Mert. J. Arn. Arb. 8 (1927) 3.—This is the state with small figs and 6 Vol. XVIII. (1960). small glabrous leaves drying grey-green on both sides and with minutely foveolate, but glabrous, areolae. It has been confused with F. martini which is one of several other synonyms of v. impressa. China:—Bodinier 2653 (type, F. botryoides); Cavalerie 1142; CCC 12832 (type, F. kwangtungensis); H. C. Chow 539, 1333; W. Y. Chun 5986; Esquirol 727, 3573 (type, F. lacrymans); Henry 1095, 7843; S. K. Lau 864; T. C. Lee 4583; Maire 327; J. F. Rock 12006; A. N. Steward, C. Y. Chiao, and H. C. Cheo 542, 943; Y. Tsiang 5719, 8526, 12487; W. T. Tsung 23415, 23583; F. T. Wang 22720; Wilson 154; C. T. Wuang 466. Ton- kin:—Balansa 4458, Poilane 17221. var. luducca (Roxb.) Corner comb. nov.—F. luducca Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 534; Griffith Ic. Pl. As. (1854) t. 561 (2), ut Ficus sp.—tThis is the state with prominent hairy reticulations on the underside of the lamina, short basal nerves, and medium-sized figs. The type is a specimen of Roxburgh’s without number in Herb. Martii (Brussels) labelled by Roxburgh “Lod-oo-ee, Dey- bree, Dosah, 9th May 96 Ficus lodooee R.” f. sessilis Corner f. nov.—Receptacula sessilia v. fere, mox glabra, 7-9 mm. lata, setis internis paucis v. copiosis China (Szechuan, Hupeh, Kweichow, Yunnan). K. L. Chu 3739, 3717; H. C. Chow 1048, 1967; Henry 3122, 3302 (typus, herb. Kew), 9171; Faber 448; A. N. Steward, Cc. ¥e Chiao, et H. C. Cheo 584. var. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.) Corner comb. nov.—F. oxyphylla Mig. Zoll. Syst. Verz (1854) 93.—F. nipponica Fr. et Sav. En. Pl. Jap. 1 (1875) 436.—F. foveolata Wall. v. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, p. 167E. var. thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner comb. nov.—F. thunbergii Maxim. Bull. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 11 (1883) 339.—F. foveolata Wall. v. thunbergii (Maxim.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, pl. 167G. ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner F. laevis Bl. var. macrocarpa (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.— Pogonotrophe macrocarpa Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 74.—Covellia guttata Wight, Ic. 6 (1853) 8, t. 1966.—-F. vagans Roxb. v. macrocarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293.—F. macrocarpa Wight ex King, Ann. R. Bot. 7 Gardens Bulletin, S. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 166, t. 208.—F. guttata (Wight) King, id. 166, t. 209.—Because of the cauliflorous habit King referred these plants to sect. Neomorphe, but they are root- climbers with leaves exactly as in F. laevis, from which they differ merely in the cauliflorous figs. ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Pantonianae Corner F. pantoniana King var. colobocarpa Diels ex Corner v. nov.— Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneis ap- pressis —1 mm. longi vestiti. Receptacula 10 mm. lata, pubes- centia dein glabra, apice late subtruncato, ostiolo depresso: pedunculo | mm. longo: bracteis basalibus appresse pilosis, caducis: pedicello 2—3.5 mm. longo: setis internis numerosis. Terr. New Guinea (Morobe, Clemens 2124, typus herb. Berlin, det F. colobocarpa Diels ms.). var. rhytidophloea Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, et costa media (subtus) pilis brunneis appressis 1-2 mm. longis vestiti, glabrescentes. Stipulae glabrae. Lamina 2-6.5 x 1.5-3.5 cm., ovato-elliptica, obtusa v. subacuta, basi rotundata, tenuiter coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—7, intercostis 1—2, subtus vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, ad 44+ laminae elongatis: petiolo 6-13 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria et ad ramulos defoliatos, glabra, haud brunneo-furfuracea, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 1—1.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2 mm. longis, ovatis, acutis, glabris, persistentibus: pedicello 0-3 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 14-17 mm. lato (21—24 mm., vivo), subgloboso, valde rugoso-tuberculato, ostiolo plano _ bracteis apicalibus parvis nonnullis occluso: setis internis nullis: pariete 3—4 mm. crasso: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Papua, 1,300—2,000 m. alt. Forsan species nova sed v. colobocarpa plus minus intermedia. Brass 23339 (Milne Bay District, Mt. Dayman, typus, Grey herb. Harvard); Carr 13616 (Alola). F. amblisyce Corner sp. nov.—Scandens, foliis distichis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis pallidis rigidis appressis 1—2 mm. longi sparsim vestiti, glabrescentes. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae 14 mm. longae. Lamina 5-9 x 2.2—-4 cm., ovata v. elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi leviter cordata v. rotundata, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—6 (—7), intercostis —5, subtus valde elevatis, supra haud v. vix impressis, areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1-2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 7-22 mm. Receptacula 8 Vol. XVIII. (1960). axillaria binata sessilia v. pedunculo puberulo —0.5 mm. longo: praedita, 7-9 mm. lata, obtuse subconoidea, glabra, ostiolo minuto depresso: bracteis basalibus 3, 2—2.5 mm. longis, sparsim appresse pilosis, ovatis, subacutis, caducis: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores ut in F. pantoniana. Cystolitha amphigena. New Guinea, in silvis c. 900 m. alt. (van Royen 3775, typus herb. Leiden). F. sagittatae v. adhaerenti similis sed cellulis scleroticis copiosis. in pariete ut in F. pantoniana. ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Balanotae Corner F. devestiens Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, costae (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis 1—2 (—4) mm. longis rectis patentibus hispidi v. strigosi: nervuli subtus sparsim pilosi. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —15 mm. longae. Lamina 4-17 & 2-6 cm., ovato-elliptica, ad apicem subacuminatum attenuata, basi subcordata rotundata v. late cuneata, membranacea v. subcoriacea fragilisque, laevis, supra glabra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—9, intercostis —7, supra leviter impressis et subtus leviter elevatis, areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 8-17 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v. complures fasciculata, sessilia, 6-8 mm. lata (? matura), sub- globosa v. subconica, dense villosa, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus parvis 3 occluso: bracteis basalibus in membrana tridentata 4-6 mm. longa connatis, uno latere fissa, caduca, sparsim pilosa: setis internis sparsis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis ?. Flores ut in F. sagittata. Cystolitha amphigena. Amboina, Ternate. Bracteis basalibus connatis, receptaculi ostiolo non depresso dis- tincta, F. balanotae affinis. Amboina:—C. B. Robinson 1677 (typus herb. Leiden; det. F. villosa). Ternate:—Beguin 1302 (det. F. recurva). F. ceanothifolia Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, sti- pulae, et costae (subtus) pilis 1-3 mm. longis fulvo-brunneis rectis patentibus hirsuti: nervuli subtus pilis albidis, saepe flexuosis, sparsim pubescentes. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi, brun- nei, glabrescentes. Stipulae —7 mm. longae. Lamina 1-2.7 x 0.7—1.7 cm., elliptica v. ovata, acuta v. subacuta, basi rotundata v. cuneata, rigide coriacea bullata, apici marginibusque recur- vatis, supra subscabrida subtus hirsuta: costis lateralibus utrin- secus 3—4, intercostis —5, supra valde impressis, subtus valde 9 Gardens Bulletin, S. elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1-2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 2-5 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria solitaria sessilia, 3.5—-5 mm. lata, subglobosa, pilis fulvidulis appressis sparsim vestita, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 3 planis v. convexis occluso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3 mm. longis, ovatis acutis, ad mediam pilosis, persistentibus: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis in rec. fem. copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter stipitati. Semina anguste carinata. Cystolitha amphi- gena. New Guinea (Wissel Lake region, c. 1,700 m. alt., Eyma 5080, typus herb. Leiden). Forsan F. sageretinae Diels forma alticola sed hirsutior, lamina minor, bracteae basales haud caducae, bracteae apicales haud prominentes, costae laterales paucae. F. oxymitroides Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, stipulae, et petioli pilis albis —0.5 mm. longis sparsim puberuli; nodi pilis paucis 2—3 mm. longis appressis rigidis praediti. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi, fusco-brunneae, compressi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae, appresse puberulae, caducae. Lamina 8-14 « 3.5—5 cm., ovato- elliptica, ad apicem 10-20 mm. longum acuminata, basi late cuneata v. subrotunda, membranacea dein subcoriacea, laevis, glabra, integra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-6 (—7), subtus elevatis, intercostis —6, vix elevatis, supra haud impressis, nervis reticulatis planis, minute brunneo-areolatis: costis basalibus ut- rinsecus 1—2, ad 4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 8-15 mm. Recep- tacula ad ramulos efoliatos, puberula dein glabra, coccinea; pedunculo 4-5 mm.: bracteis basalibus caducis (non visis): pedicello 5—6 mm., gracili: corpore receptaculi 10 K 9 mm., elliptico, bracteis apicalibus conspicuis —1.5 mm. projicientibus: setis internis nullis: pariete tenui, cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: tepalis 4, liberis rubris. Semina 1.5—1.7 mm. longa, anguste carinata. Cystolitha amphigena. New Guinea (T.N.G., Eastern Highlands, Kini, Mt. Michael, ad rupes; NGF 11418, typus in herb. Brisbane). Lamina ut in F. sagittata et vix distincta, sed bracteae apicales conspicuae ut in subser. Balanotae. ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Irritantes Corner F. odoardi King var. glabrata Corner v. nov.—F. cinnabarina S. Moore, J. Bot. 61 (1923) suppl. 50.—Praeter receptacula sti- pulasque glabra v. pilis paucis ad nodos. New Guinea.—Forbes 171 (typus F. cinnabriana) ; Brass 7214, 7463, 8098; Carr 12523 (Koitaki, typus v. glabrata, herb. Br. Mus.); Kanehira 1837. 10 Vol. XVIII. (1960). F. sphaerocarpa Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, costae: (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis erectis irritantibus —1.5 mm. longis strigosi: nervuli subtus pilis albidis, saepe flexuosis, breviter villosi: Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae appresse pilosae, caducae. Lamina 7-15 x 4.5—-6.5 cm., ovata v. el- liptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, co- riacea fragilis, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6, intercostis strictis —9, supra valdiuscule impressis, subtus valde elevatis, areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 44 laminae elongatis: petiolo 12-20 mm. Receptacula axillaria, pilis irritantibus brunneis strigoso-villosa, praeter ostiolum gla- brescentia, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 2-6 mm. longo: pedi- cello O-S mm.: bracteis basalibus 3-6 « 4-9 mm., ovato- acutis, appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 30-35 mm. lato. (40-45 mm., vivo) subgloboso, ostiolo in tubulo piloso 5-7 mm. longo depresso, bracteis apicalibus immersis occluso: setis internis 1—2 mm. longis, flavidulis, rigidis, copiosis: cellulis. scleroticis in pariete S~7 mm. crasso copiosis. Flores ut in F. odoardi. Cystolitha amphigena. Papua (Boridi, 1,600 m. alt.,. Carr 13553, typus herb. Singapore). F. odoardi affinis sed setis internis copiosis, foliis rigide coria- ceis, venis supra impressis differt. Quam F. irritanti Summerh. et F. insculpta Summerh. receptacula multo majora. ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Ramentaceae F. baeuerleni King var. vulcaniformis Corner v. nov.—Tenuiuscule villosa v. appresse pilosa, pilis —1.5 mm. longis. Lamina 8—16 < 3.5-6 cm., anguste elliptica v. lanceolata. Receptacula brunneo-villosula, pilis —0.5 mm. longis: pedunculo 2—5 mm. longo: pedicello 2-7 mm.: corpore receptaculi 13—20 mm. lato, apice conico vulcaniformi, ostiolo ad basim tubuli glabri 4-6 mm. alti bracteis apicalibus parvis occluso: setis internis bre- vibus, albidis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete tenui nullis. Terr. New Guinea, New Britain, Solomon Isl. Primo species nova videtur sed specimina v. baeuerleni non- nulla plus minus intermedia. Hoogland 4178 (T.N.G., Northern District, Tufi subdistr,); NGF 3458 (New Britain, Keravat, typus herb. Lae); Brass 3458 (Solomon Isl., Ysabel, Sigana); Kajewski 2618 (Solomon Isl., Guadalcanal, Tutuve Mt.). F. sagittata Vahl, En. 2 (1806) 185.—¥F. compressicaulis BI. Bijdr. (1825) 439.—F. ramentacea Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 547.—This species has been generally known as F. ramentacea 11 Gardens Bulletin, S. Roxb., but the name is antedated by F. sagittata Vahl and F. compressicaulis Bl. The type of F. sagittata is a sterile bathy- phyll-shoot, identical with the bathyphylls of F. ramentacea; the glabrescent, non-bullate lamina with shallowly cordate base shows that it is not F. villosa. There is no specimen of F. com- pressicaulis Bl. at Leiden, but there is a sterile specimen, so named, in the herbarium of R. Schomburgk (Adelaide Botanic Garden) which agrees exactly with Blume’s description and is F. ramentacea; it has the characteristically compressed inter- nodes described by Blume, which occur in the young shoots of this and related species. I have referred F. microcarpa Bl., which is F. leptocarpa Steud., to F. recurva Bl. because there is no specimen of Blume’s labelled F. microcarpa at Leiden, but Rein- wardt 1030 (Java) is labelled F. microcarpa Bl. by Reinwardt. Miquel, however, consistently interpreted F. leptocarpa Steud. as F. ramentacea, that is F. sagittata. var. adhaerens (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. adhaerens Miq. Pl. Jungh. (1851) 55.—F. leptocarpa Steud. v. adhaerens Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 280.—This is distinguished by the more or less sessile fig and the white latex (yellow in the large, stout v. sagittata). var. minor Corner v. nov.—F. tayabensis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 255.—F. rubrocarpa Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 9 (1937) 3476.—Planta minus robusta, internodis brevioribus, lamina minori, latice albido. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi: internodis ramulorum fertilium 12—20 mm. longis. Lamina 6-14 3-7 cm. Receptacula 10 mm. lata, pedunculo 0-1 mm. longo, pedicello 1-5 mm. Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Isl. Malaya:—King’s coll. 5252, 6421. Sumatra:—Forbes 1538; Iboet 238; Lorzing 5177, 9306. Java:—Backer 30100; Forbes 1140, 1387; Horsfield 930; Koorders 27071, 28007; Hort. Bot. Bog. XV B 74 (typus, herb. Bogor) et 79. Borneo: —Endert 1883; Elmer 21775. Philippines: —Elmer 8266, 13045, 14523, 16420. var. oligosperma (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—F. oligosperma Mig. Pl. Jungh. (1851) 55.—F. leptocarpa Steud. v. oligosperma Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 280.—This differs from v. minor in the practically sessile, thinly hairy fig. F. villosa Bl. var. appressa Corner v. nov.—Petioli et costa media (subtus) pilis appressis 1-2 mm. longis praediti. North Borneo. Clemens (Kinabalu) 26600, 40413, 40745; Elmer 21034 (Tawao, typus herb. Br. Mus.); For. Bur. B.N.B. 2857. (Bet- totan). 12 Vol. XVIII. (1960). var. subglobosa Corner v. nov.—Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1859) 317, t. 21B.—Ut v. villosa sed corpus receptaculi 6-8 mm. latum subglobosum, haud umbonatum: pedunculo —1 mm. longo: pedi- cello 1.5—3 mm. longo. Lamina ovato-lanceolata v. subisosceles, basi late subtruncata. Thailand, Penang, North Borneo, Mentawei Isl. Thailand:—Kerr 578 (Kao Saming, Krat), 15552 (Kao Luang, N. Sritamarat). Penang:—Curtis 173 (typus, herb. Singapore). Mentawei:—Boden-Kloss 10593 (Siberut); Iboet 526 (Sipora); Ridley 14797 (Sipora). Borneo:—Clemens 28426, 28726A (Kinabalu; 28726 — Urophyllum, 28726B — Pandanus; ? cum 28426 commixta). var. tonsa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula sparsim appresse puberula, dein glabra, primo minute rubigino-furfuracea: pedun- culo 0.5—2 mm. longo: pedicello O-1 mm. longo: corpore recep- taculi S~7 « 6-8 mm., depresso-globoso, subtruncato, haud um- bonato: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Malaya (Cameron Highlands, Pahang, 1,300 m. alt., Sing. F.n. 32858, typus herb. Singapore). Lamina ut in F. villosa, ceeaaeacala ut in F. urnigera Miq. sed -cellulis scleroticis deficientibus. F. spiralis Corner sp. nov.—Scandens, ad truncos arborum cir- cumvolvens, foliis distichis, alternis 4—7 nodis foliatis et 5—20 nodis efoliatis stipulatis, apice foliato v. modo stipulato spici- formi: ramuli fertiles pendentes, similiter instructi: bathyphylla nulla. Ramuli, petioli, costa media (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneolis plus minus erectis. dense strigosi, ad ramulos 1-2 mm. longis, ad petiolum et costam 2—4 mm.: costae laterales pilis brevioribus sparsis, intercostae scabrido-puberulae. Ramuli 5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12-30 mm. longae, late lanceolatae, appresse puberulae, persistentes. Lamina 28-42 « 8-14 cm., plus minus anguste elliptica v. obovata, ad apicem acuminatum gracilem 15—25 mm. longum attenuata, ad basim subtruncatum attenuata, rigide chartacea, subtus subscabrida: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 12—14, curvatis, vix inarcuatis, subtus valde elevatis, supra leviter impressis, intercostis strictis 7-13 subtus elevatis, areolis planis: costis basalibus 2 (—3), brevibus, glandulis basa- libus 2: petiolo 10-20 mm. longo, 3—5 mm. crasso. Receptacula subsessilia 2—6 fasciculata, axillaria: pedunculo 0.5—1 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1—1.5 mm. longis, lanceolatis, acutis, appresse puberulis, persistentibus: pedicello nullo: corpore re- ceptaculi 6-7 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, pilis brunneolis 1—2 13 Gardens Bulletin, S. mm. longis dense strigoso, ostiolo minuto depresso: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. sagittata. Cysto- litha amphigena. Sarawak. Species habitu in genere singularis. Plantas steriles prope Ku- ching nonullae vidi. Purseglove 4642 (Sematan, Kg. Pueh, typus, herb. Cambridge); Corner s.n. (Bt. Kuap. pr. Kuching, Jan. 1959). F. recurva Bl. var. bridelioides Corner v. nov.—Sparsim pilosa v. subglabra. Lamina 3-8 x 1.5-6 cm., ovata, ovato-lanceolata, v. obovata, obtusa v. subacuta, ut in v. ribesioides (Wall.) King: costis lateralibus 3-4 (—5), supra haud impressis. Receptacula 6—8 mm. lata, pedicellis longioribus 2-8 mm. Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo. Thailand:—Kerr 15870 (Songkla). Kedah:—Vesterdal s.n. Trengganu :—Sing. F.n. 25941 (typus, herb. Singapore). Perak: —King’s coll. 4575, 5490, 10193; Wray 693, 2890. Johore:— H. M. Burkill 1806: Teruya 448. Sumatra:—Bartlett 7221, 7324, 8788 (Asahan). Borneo:—Beccari 837, 1361 (Sarawak). var. elegantior Corner v. nov.—Pilosa ut v. ribesioides (Wall. ) King. Lamina 7-16 « 2-—5.5 cm., anguste oblonga, subacuminata, basi rotundato-subcordata v. cuneata: costis lateralibus 5—6 (-—7), obliquis, supra haud v. vix impressis, intercostis numerosis 3-12. Receptacula 4-6 mm. lata; pedunculo nullo: pedicello 3-5 mm. longo. Malaya, Bangka, Borneo. F. uncinulatae Corner similis. Sing. F.n. 30126 (Trengganu, typus herb. Singapore); Ver- hoef 100 (Borneo, Pulau Laut); Bunnemeyer 1504 (Bangka); Teysmann 6859 (Bangka). var. lasiocarpa Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, laminae pagina inferior, et receptacula pilis fulvis erectis 1-3 mm. longis lanuginosi: costae et nervuli subtus pilis brevibus uncinatis intermixtis. Receptacula pilis uncinatis deficientibus, 7—9 mm. lata: pedunculo 0-1 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2—3 mm. longis: pedicello O-1.5 mm.: setis internis paucis. Borneo (Kinabalu) 1,000-1,600 m. alt. F. villosae Bl. v. appressae similis, sed nervi pilis brevibus un- cinatis praediti ut in F. recurva. Sing. F.n. 26681 (typus, herb. Singapore), 27816; Clemens 30271. 14 Vol. XVIII. (1960). var. pedicellata Corner v. nov.—Ut v. recurva sed receptacula pilis uncinatis —-0.5 mm. longis hispidula, pedicellis gracilibus 2.5— 4 mm. longis. Borneo (W. Koetai, Endert 3296, typus herb. Leiden). F. uncinulatae Corner approximans sed ramuli et petioli pilis longis rectis ut in F. recurva. F. uncinulata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis brevibus 0.5—-1 mm. longis uncinatis vestiti, pilis rectis deficientibus. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —10 mm. longae, puberulae. Lamina 7-21 X 3.2-9 cm., anguste ovato-elliptica, elliptica, v. lanceolata, acuta v. subacuminata, basi anguste subcordata v. rotundato-cuneata, tenue subcoriacea, supra glabra, subtus tenue villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5 (—6) obliquis, supra haud impressis, subtus elevatis, intercostis —5 subtus distincte elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4-% laminae elongatis: petiolo 7-15 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata et ad ramulos defoliatos fasciculata, pilis uncinulatis villosa: pedunculo 0—2.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1-2 mm.’ longis, ovato-acutis, caducis: pedi- cello 2~9 mm.: corpore receptaculi 7-9 mm. lato, subgloboso, umbonato, ostiolo alte depresso: setis internis minutis sparsis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha am- phigena. East Johore, Natuna Isl., Sarawak, North Borneo. F.. recurvae Bl. v. elegantioris Corner affinis. Johore:—Sing. F.n. 30699, 32007, Sedili River. Natuna Isl.:— v. Steenis 1156 (G. Ranai, typus, herb. Leiden). Sarawak:—Bec- cari 773, 814; Haviland 3108 (Kuching); P. W. Richards 2544 (Mt. Dulit). Brit. North Borneo:—Clemens (Kinabalu) 31220, 31230, 31574, 32055, 32157; Elmer 20683 (Tawao); Sing. F.n. 19070 (Bettotan). Central East Borneo:—Endert 3137 (W. Koetai). F. pendens Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, ramis fertilibus longis pendentibus. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis aureo- brunneis rectis rigidis 1-2 mm. longis dense villosi, pilis un- cinulatis deficientibus. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae. Lamina 4.5-15 x 1.8—7 cm., anguste ovato- elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, ad apicem subacuminatum at- tenuata, basi subcordata v. late cuneata, rigidiuscule coriacea, subtus villosa, supra mox glabra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3-6 (—7), obliquis, supra haud v. vix impressis, subtus valde elevatis, intercostis 3-8 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrin- secus 1—2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2 parvis: 15 Gardens Bulletin, S- petiolo 2-15 mm. Receptacula axillaria 2—7 fasciculata, sessilia v. subsessilia, pilis albidis v. brunneis dense villosa: pedunculo 0-0.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1.5—-2.5 mm. longis, ovatis, subacutis, caducis: pedicello 0-1 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 5-6 mm. lato (pilis exclusis), subgloboso v. subconico, ostiolo alte depresso: setis internis numerosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha amphigena. v. pendens.—Malaya, Sumatra, Sarawak, North Borneo, in silvis —1,300 m. alt. F. recurvae affinis sed indumento, receptaculo subsessili, et for- san habitu, differt. Penang:—Curtis 1560, West Hill. Perak:—Sing. F.n. 38630, Maxwell’s Hill. Pahang:—Sing. F.n. 11486, Purseglove 4168. (typus herb. Singapore), Fraser’s Hill. Johore:—Sing. F.n. 29214, G. Panti. Sumatra:—Lorzing 6395 (Bandabaroe); Jacob 347, Maradjo 50, Meijer 3988 (Pajakumboe). Borneo:—Clemens. (Kinabalu) 11171 (211174), 26837, 27498; Sing. F.n. 27335, 27379 (Kinabalu); Corner s.n. (Kuching, Jan. 1959). var. appressa Corner v. nov.—Pilis appressis. Borneo (E. Koetai, Sg. Susuk, Kostermans 5473, typus herb. Leiden). ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Excavatae Corner F. lanata BI. var. foveolata Corner v. nov.—Lamina subtus areolis foveolatis. Receptacula saepe glabra. North Borneo (Kinabalu), 1,000—1,600 m. alt. Clemens 26337, 28525, 29169, 31603 (typus herb. Leiden), 35110, 40723. F. supperforata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Stipulae et ramuli pilis 2-3 mm. longis erectis v. appressis vestiti, ramuli mox glabri sed minute brunneo-velutinati: petioli et costae (subtus) pilis appressis —1:5 mm. longis sparsis, petioli etiam minute brunneo-velutinati. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Lamina 9-18 x 4-8 cm., elliptica, attenuato-acuminata, basi rotundato-cuneata v. anguste subcordata, rigidiuscule coriacea, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—7, supra vix impressis, subtus elevatis, intercostis —12 vix elevatis, areolis subtus minute puberulo-foveolatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 44 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 12-30 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria et ad ramulos defoliatos 2—6 fasci- culata, minute brunneo-velutinata ut ramuli, glabrescentia: pedunculo Q. bracteis basalibus 1 mm. longis, ovatis, obtusis, 16 Vol. XVIII. (1960). persistentibus: pedicello 4-6 mm.: corpore receptaculi 7-9 mm. lato, subgloboso, saepe subtruncato, ostiolo haud v. vix. depresso: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, West Borneo. F. lanatae Bl. affinis sed indumento nervis nervulisque differt. Anderson 9061 (Sarawak, Binatang); Beccari 3573 (Kuching) ; Mondi 29 (Pontianak, typus, herb. Leiden). F. callicarpides Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, humilis. Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis erectis subflexuosis brevibus puberuli, mox glabri, pilis uncinulatis microscopicis paucis: Jamina glabra. Ramuli 1—1.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae —3 mm. longae, glabrae. Lamina 1.2-3.5 x 0.42 cm., elliptica v. obovata, asymmetrica, obtusa v. subacuta, basi asymmetrica uno: latere anguste cuneata altero subcordata, coriacea: costis latera- libus utrinsecus 3—4, supra haud impressis, subtus planis latis, intercostis nullis, areolis haud foveolatis brunneis: costis basali- bus utrinsecus |, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 2-4 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria binata puberula glabrescentia, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 1-1.5 mm. longo: bracteis basali-- bus 0.5—1 mm. longis, subacutis, persistentibus: pedicello 0—0.5 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 5-6 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, ostiolo paulo depresso, bracteis apicalibus 3 planis occluso: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, in silvis paludosis. Species bathyphylloidea, F. excavatae Wall. affinis sed areolis. nunquam foveolatis. . Anderson 8539 (Betong), 9805 (Sianggang), 9890 (Miri, typus herb. Kuching); For. Dept. Sarawak 2120 (Baram, S. Dua). ser. Distichoideae Corner F, distichoidea Diels var. megacarpa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula 14-16 mm. lata, pariete —2 mm. crasso: pedunculo 3—5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus caducis. Flores masculi 3—6 mm. longi, tepalis gamophyllis. Papua (Isuarava, Carr 16031, typus herb. Singapore). F, phatnophylla Diels var. glochidioides Corner v. nov.—Lamina 6-13 X 3.2-6 cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, tenue coriacea: intercostis 1-3: costis basalibus ad 1-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 8-16 mm. Receptacula sessilia, bracteis basalibus caducis. New Guinea (Rouffaer River, Docters v. Leeuwen: 9027, 10166, typus herb. Leiden). 17 Gardens Bulletin, S. var. meiocarpa (Diels) Corner comb. nov.—F. meiocarpa Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 221. F. calodictya Summerh. var. gamophylla Corner v. nov.—Perian- thium femineum gamophyllum, breviter 2—4 lobatum. Recep- tacula 7-8 mm. lata: pedunculo 2-4 mm. longo. New Guinea (Docters v. Leeuwen 9641, Albatross Biv., typus herb. Leiden: Meyer Drees 491, Bernhard Biv.). F. agapetoides Diels var. solomonensis Corner v. nov.—Recepta- cula minora, 5—6 mm. lata: pedunculo longiori, 1-3 mm. Lamina 3-7 xX 1.7-3.8 cm., majora, elliptica v. elliptico- obovata, basi cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6. Stomata alte immersa. Solomon Isl. Bougainville: —Kajewski 1946 (Buin, typus herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse 95, B 201, 749. Guadalcanal:—Kajewski 2654 (Mt. Tutuve). | ser. Distichae Corner F. hederacea Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 538; Wight, Ic. t. 653.— F.. scandens Roxb. id. 536, non Lam.—F. fruticosa Roxb. id. 533; Wight, Ic. t. 654.—There can be no doubt from the des- criptions and Wight’s figures that these are conspecific. F. fruti- cosa is represented by Wallich 4501, but I have found no speci- mens of Roxburgh’s. Accordingly I choose the better name, F. hederacea, for this well-known climber, F. scandens being a later homonym. There are four ms. names for the species, which are of interest to students of older specimens, namely ‘F. crus- tacea’ (B. Hamilton 2434), ‘F. sarmentosa’ (B. Hamilton 2435; non J. E. Sm.), ‘F. triplinervis’ (B. Hamilton 2412), all of which are at Edinburgh, and ‘F. ?ludens’ (Wallich 4579, bathy- phylls). F. detonsa Corner sp. nov.—Glabra, novellis primo albido- puberulis. Folia ? spiraliter disposita. Stipulae 5-12 mm. longi, subcaducae. Lamina 4-11 xX 2.2-6 cm., ovata v. elliptica, obtusa, subacuta v. subacuminata, basi late cuneata, crassiu- scule coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-8, angulo lato (70—80°) exeuntibus, supra tenuiter impressis, subtus elevatis, intercostis O—1 vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, bre- vibus, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 8-30 & 1.5—2 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 2-3 < 2 mm.: bracteis basalibus 1.5 mm. longis, obtusis, sub- caducis: corpore receptaculi 8-10 *« 7—9 mm., subgloboso, ostiolo haud depresso. Flores ut in F. disticha Bl. Cystolitha hypogena. North Borneo, 1,600—2,200 m. alt. 18 Vol. XVIII. (1960). F. distichae Bl. persimilis sed robustior foliis majoribus, ut vide- tur spiraliter dispositis, costis pluribus valde divergentibus, recep- taculis majoribus differt. Kinabalu:—Clemens 31443, 33456 (typus, herb. Br. Mus.), 33832; Sing. F.n. 27512. West Koetai, Mt. Kemoel.:—Endert. 4449. ser. Trichocarpeae Corner F. trichocarpa Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 458.—F. filiformis Bl. id. 442.— F. obtusa Hassk. v. gedehensis Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906) 227.—Two sheets of Blume’s at Leiden are named F. filiformis, which show it to be the bathyphyllous stage of the common species known as F. obtusa Hassk. There ap- pears to be no specimen of F. trichocarpa, but Blume’s descrip- tion obviously refers to the acrophyllous fertile state. I was, indeed, puzzled why Blume should have apparently omitted this species until I read the description of F. trichocarpa. Two states occur in Java, one with smaller figs, which I identify with F. trichocarpa (fructibus pisiformibus), and the other with larger figs which is F. obtusa Hassk. and var. genuina Koord. et Val., and must become var. obtusa. var. borneensis (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. piperifolia Miq. var. borneensis Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293.— Pogonotrophe borneensis Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 330.— Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis sparsis villosi, mox glabri: costae subtus sparsim appresse pilosae. Receptacula 7-10 mm. lata, mox glabra: pedunculo 0-6 mm. longo. Borneo. Inter v. trichocarpam et v. piperifoliam. Korthals s.n. (Banjermasim, typus herb. Leiden); Kostermans 5981 (E. Koetai); San. 16651 (Sipitang). var. obtusa (Hassk.) Corner comb. nov.—F. obtusa Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. (1844) 75.—F. obtusa Hassk. v. genuina Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906) 224. Var. piperifolia (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. obtusa Hassk. v. piperifolia (Miq.) Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906) 227.—Pogonotrophe piperifolia Miq. Zoll. Syst. Verz. (1854) 93, ae piperifolia Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) F. nasuta Summerh. var. glabrata Corner v. nov.—Praeter stipulas bracteasque basales glabra. Setae internae nullae. New Guinea. Clemens 1170 (Morobe, typus herb. Leiden); Carr 14321, 14462, 14469 (Boridi). 19 Gardens Bulletin, S. F. phaeobullata Corner sp. nov.—Alte scandens. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, costae (subtus), et receptacula juvenilia pilis fuscis rigidis erectis -1 (—1.5) mm. longis villosi, praeter costas mox glabri. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei rugosi. Lamina 6—10 XX 3-6 cm., ovato-elliptica, acute subacuminata, basi rotundato- cordata v. late cuneata, integra, coriaceo-bullata: costis latera- libus utrinsecus 3—5, subtus elevatis, intercostis —4: costis basa- libus utrinsecus 2, ad 4% laminae elongatis, glandulis ba- salibus 2 parvis: petiolo -20 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria, praeter bracteas basales mox glabra: pedunculo 5-9 mm.: bracteis basalibus 1 mm. longis, obtusis, appresse pilosis: pedi- cello 2—3 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. (15-17 mm., vivo), subgloboso, ostiolo mox depresso: setis internis paucis parvis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis nullis sed cellulis ‘parietis omnibus plus minus crasse tunicatis. Flores ut in F. hypophaea. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua (Carr 12474, Rouna, typus herb. Br. Mus.). F. hypophaeae Schl. affinis sed pilis flexuosis lanuginosis defi- ccientibus, receptaculis minoribus differt. F. semilanata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, foliis laxe spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis appressis rectis et pilis minutis flexuosis villosi: nervuli pilis brevioribus, glabrescentes. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi, compressi, brunnei. Sti- pulae — 7 mm. longae, appresse brunneo-sericeae v. substrigosae. Lamina 4-8.5 x 2-3.7 cm., ovato-elliptica, subacuminata v. longiuscule acuminata, basi rotundata, integra, tenue coriacea, laevis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, subtus leviter ele- vatis, intercostis —4: costis basalibus 1, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 6-17 mm. Receptacula axil- laria binata, maturitate aurantiaco-rubra: pedunculo 3—5 mm. longo, breviter brunneo-villoso: bracteis basalibus ovato-acutis, appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 6-8 mm. lato (8-10 mm., vivo), subellipsoideo, pilis flexuosis brunneis tenue villoso, lente glabrescenti, ostiolo non depresso: setis internis paucis parvis albidis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis tenuibus rubris: ovario sessili. Flores neutri dispersi sessiles. Semina 1.5-1.8 & 0.8 mm. Cystolitha pauca venas secundum hypogena. Papua (Carr 12254, Koitaki, typus herb. Singapore; 15563, Isuarava). F. bakeri Elmer affinis sed foliis acuminatis, pilis flexuosis inter alia differt. 20 Vol. XVIII. (1960).° F. cinnamomea Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, foliis laxe spiraliter dispositis. Omnes partes pilis flexuosis laete ferrugineis v. fulvido-cinnamomeis dense et breviter lanuginosae, laminae pagina superior mox glabra. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae —7 mm. longae, appresse pilosae. Lamina 4.5—9 2.5—5.8 cm., ovata, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, in- tegra, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—5, intercostis —6, nervulis reticulatis indumento brunneo obscuratis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 12—22 mm. longo, gracili. Receptacula axil- laria binata brunneo-lanuginosa: pedunculo 4—7 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3—4 mm. longis, ovato-acutis: corpore re- ceptaculi 7-8 mm. lato (10-12 « 9-10 mm., vivo), subellip- soideo: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores neutri nulli. Flores feminei sessiles: ovario sessili. Semina 1.7-2 1 mm., latiuscula, anguste alata. Cystolitha nulla. Papua (Carr 13682, Alola, c. 2,000 m. alt., typus herb. Singapore). Gracilis, indumento laeto distincto. F. hypophaeola Corner sp. nov.—Gracilis scandens, foliis laxe spiraliter dispositis. Omnes partes pilis flexuosis obscure cervi- coloribus v. fusco-brunneis lanuginosae, laminae pagina sup- erior mox glabra. Ramuli 2 mm. crassi. Stipulae parvae strigosiusculae. Lamina 6-9 x 2.5—3.5 cm., ovato-lanceolata, ad apicem subacutum attenuata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, integra, tenue coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, subtus leviter elevatis, intercostis 1-3, nervulis indumento spisso ob- scuratis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, ad 1-4 laminae elon- gatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 9-15 mm. longo. Recep- tacula axillaria, ? solitaria, lente glabrescentia, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 5—6 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3 mm. longis, Ovato-acutis: corpore receptaculi 10 mm. lato, subgloboso: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores feminei ut in F.. hypohaea Schl. Cystolitha hypogena. Netherlands New Gui- nea (Kanehira et Hatusima 13504, typus herb. Leiden). F. hypophaeae Schl. affinis sed multo gracilior. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. KALOSYCE (MIQ.) CORNER COMB. NOV. Synoecia Mig. sect. Kalosyce et sect. Verae Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 328, 329.—Urostigma Gasp. sect. Apiosycea Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 440.—Ficus subgen. Synoecia Miq. 21 Gardens Bulletin, S. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 289.—Ficus sect. Synoecia (Miq.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. 3 (1880) 369.—Type:—Synoe- cia sumatrana Miq. (F. aurantiacea Griff.). The well-established sectional name Synoecia is antedated firstly by sections Verae Mig. and Kalosyce Miq., which were published simultaneously, and then by sect. Apiosycea Miq. I have chosen sect. Kalosyce as the correct name because sect. Verae, in spite of its meaning, was a mixture and is not a proper sectional name. Sect. Kalosyce had only one species, Synoecia sumatrana Miq., which is the now well-known F. aurantiacea Griff. and is a typical representative of sect. Synoecia. Sect. Verae included two species, Synoecia diversifolia Miq., which is F. deltoidea Jack (subgen. Ficus sect. Ficus) and S. falcata Miq., which, as F.. falcata Thunb., is the sterile, bathyphyll state of F. punctata Thunb. and the second well-known species of sect. Synoecia. Miquel realised this mixture by 1867 when he made Synoecia a subgenus of Ficus and excluded from it S. diversifolia, thereby rendering S. falcata the type of Synoecia, subgen. Synoecia, and sect. Synoecia. Sect. Apio- sycea contained only Urostigma apiocarpum Migq., which is F. apiocarpa Migq. If the genus Synoecia were to be re-instated, then sect. Verae would become sect. Synoecia, with sect. Kalosyce as a synonym, and sect. Apiosycea would replace what I have called ser. Apiocarpeae; unfortunately as a section, Synoecia dates from 1880. ser. Apiocarpeae Corner ser. nov.—Urostigma Gasp. sect. Apio- sycea Miq. |.c.—Lamina symmetrica, areolis subtus haud foveo- latis. Bathyphylla vix evoluta. Receptacula Plaine axillaria. 3 spp. Typus:—F. apiocarpa Miq. ser. Punctatae Corner ser. nov.—Lamina saepe asymmetrica, areolis subtus foveolatis et saepe pubescentibus. Bathyphylla plerumque bene evoluta, a foliis acrophyllis distincta. Receptacula saepe cauliflora. 14 spp. Typus:—F. aurantiacea Griff. subser. Punctatae.—Costae laterales supra haud impressae saepe - ut lineae leviter elevatae. Lamina tenuiter coriacea. 7 spp. Typus: —F. aurantiacea Griff. subser. Ruginerviae Corner subser. nov.—Costae laterales, et saepe intercostae nervulique reticulati, supra impressae, subtus crassae et saepe valde elevatae. Lamina rigide coriacea, sicco brunnea. 7 spp. Typus:—F. ruginervia Corner. 22 Vol. XVIII. (1960). ser. Apiocarpeae Corner F. apiocarpa Mig. var. villosa Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis patentibus brunneolis —1 mm. longis villosi. Receptacula albido-villosa. Sarawak (Bur. Sci. 1876, s.l., typus herb. Manchester). ser. Punctatae Corner subser. Punctatae F. aurantiacea Griff. Notul. 4 (1854) 394: Ic. Pl. As. (1854) t. 555.—Synoecia sumatrana Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 329. —F., callicarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 268, 289, f. 10B—The names F. aurantiaca Kunth et Bouch., F. aurantiaca Noronh. and F. aurantiaca Wall., listed in the Index Kewensis, are nomina nuda, and cannot invalidate Griffith’s name. var. angustifolia Corner nom. nov.—F. callicarpa Mig. v. angus- tifolia Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 120. var. parvifolia Corner nom. nov.—F. callicarpa Miq. Vv. parvi- folia Corner, id. 116. Note. F. callicarpa Migq. v. crassinervia Corner is F. ruginervia Corner (see below): v. multinervia Corner is F. singalana King. F. scratchleyana King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 404; Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 5, pl. 229A; haud Corner Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 142 (= F. peninsula Elm.).— Through false information, I was lead to suppose that the leaves of F. scratchleyana are devoid of stomatal pits in the areolae. A glance at the type, twelve years later showed me the error at once. var. aurantiola Corner v. nov.—Lamina minor, 4-14 *« 2-5.5 cm., anguste elliptica, oblongo-elliptica, v. lanceolato-elliptica, acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-9 (-12), angulo lato exeuntibus: costis basalibus brevibus: petiolo 5-30 mm. longo. Receptacula minora axillaria solitaria, 8-15 & 8-13 mm., globosa v. ellipsoidea: pedunculo 2-10 mm. longo: bracteis 1—1.5 mm. longis: pedicello nullo. Tepala 2-3 (mascula) 3—4 (feminea, cecidiophora) albida v. roseola. Flores masculi 3-5 mm. longi, ceidiophori et feminei 2—3.5 mm. Semina 1.6—-1.8 mm. longa, compressa, oblonga, anguste carinata. New Guinea. Forsan species nova; ut videtur communis. 23 Gardens Bulletin, S- Aet et Idjan 916 (Jappen-Biak, typus herb. Leiden); Brass. 3844 (T.N.G., Central Div.), 7173 (Fly River, Palmer River); Clemens 2232, 3247 (Morobe Distr.); Ledermann 9587, 11405 (Sepik); NGF 7782 (West. Highlands), 8745 (Morobe Distr.). var. rhopalosycia (Diels) Corner comb. nov.—F. rhopalosycia Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 232.—Glabra. Lamina 4-7 cm. lata, anguste elliptica: costis lateralibus quasi rectangulatis. Receptacula pyriformia, magnitudine ut in v. scratchleyana: brac- teis basalibus 4 mm. longis. New Guinea (Hellwig Gebirge, Pulle 643; typus herb. Berlin). F. ruginervia Corner sp. nov.—F. callicarpa Miq. v. crassinervia Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 118, f. 33.—Ramuli, petioli, et costa media subtus pilis brunneolis plus minus patentibus 0.5—1 mm. longis tenue pilosi, v. subglabri. Lamina 2-8 X 1.1- 4.7 cm., elliptica v. obovata, obtusa, basi valde asymmetrica uno latere cordata v. subauriculata, laevis, sicco brunnea, nervis ner- vulisque supra valde impressis, subtus crassis elevatis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—7, areolis piloso-foveolatis: costis basali- bus utrinsecus 1—2, brevibus: petiolo 3-10 mm. Receptacula ad tubercula cauliflora, glabra marmorata, ut in F. aurantiacea Griff. sed plerumque subglobosa. Flores ut in F. aurantiacea sed ovariis femineis longius pedicellatis (—4.5 mm.). Malaya. Su- matra, Sarawak. Typus:—Sing. F.n. 28446, herb. Singapore. Venis supra impressis subtus crassis lamina sicca brunnea rec- tius prope F. singalanam referenda. SECT. SINOSYCIDIUM CORNER SECT. NOV. Dioca. Frutex v. arbor, stipulis binatis liberis. Receptacula rami- flora pedicellata, bracteis lateralibus ad pedicellum corpusque dis- persis: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala carnea v. albida, membranacea, libera. Flores masculi ostiolares sessiles, et dispersi pedicellati, diandreae, pistillodio nullo: antheris non mucronatis. Ovarium albidum, stigmate femineo breviter bifido. Semina breviter oblonga, leviter carinata, laevia. Cystolitha hypo- gena. China, 1 sp., F. tsiangii Merr. ex Corner. The ramiflorous bracteate receptacles are like those which occur in the sections Sycidium, Sycocarpus, and Adenosperma; further, the scabrid leaves and the paired stipules crowded over the stem- apex resemble the state in sect. Sycidium ser. Copiosae. The dis- perse, bistaminate male flowers, however, are exceptional and 24 Vol. XVIII. (1960). agree with the condition in some species of sect. Ficus, where the leaf, stipules, and receptacle are anomalous. To include the single species in either sect. Sycidium, where some species may certainly have 1—2 stamens in the male flower, or sect. Ficus, would be confusing. F. tsiangiit Merr. ex Corner.—Frutex v. arbor —9 m. alta, laxe ramosa, internodis elongatis, foliis spiraliter dispositis longi- petiolatis, pilis albidis -O.5 (—1) mm. longis hispidulo-scabridis, non muriculatis, ramulis petiolisque glabrescentibus. Ramuli 2—4 mm. crassi, pallide ochracei v. brunneoli. Stipulae —7 mm. longae, binatae, late lanceolatae, appresse puberulae, caducae, ad apicem ramuli confertae. Lamina 8-23 « 5—18 cm., ovata, ovato- v. obovato-elliptica, apice latiuscule acuminata 7-13 mm. longo, basi subcordata, rotundata v. late cuneata, dentata, membranacea, supra scaberrima, subtus hispidula, sicco viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—4 (—5), obliquis, intercostis laxis 2-5, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1 (—2). ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 30-140 xX 1.5—2.5 mm. Receptacula ramiflora (? cauliflora) ad ramulos efoliatos brevissimos tuberculiformes, hispido-scabra, maturitate rubra; pedicello 5-40 mm. longo, bracteis lateralibus 2—3, 2—3 mm. longis, dispersis, raro in collare ternatis: corpore receptaculi 16-25 x 12-20 mm. (immaturo), subgloboso v. ellipsoideo, bracteis lateralibus nonnullis 2—3 mm. longis dispersis praeditis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus erectis hispidulis numerosis confertis occluso: setis internis albidis brevibus, paucis v. copiosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala 3—5, albida v. carnea, libera, mem- branacea, glabra v. puberula, ovario longiora. Flores masculi ordinibus 2-3 ostiolares subsessiles, et pedicellati dispersi, pedicellis carneo-maculatis —3.5 mm. longis: tepalis spathulatis: staminibus 2, raro 1, ad basim setulis circumdatis, antheris non mucronatis. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicellati, masculis pedicellatis breviores: tepalis anguste lanceolatis: ovario albido, substipitato. Flores feminei ut cecidiophori: ovario sessili: stylo sparsim setuloso, stigmate subbifido. Flores neutri nulli. Semina 1.2 mm. longa, lentiformia, subcarinata, laevia. Cystolitha hy- pogena: pili papillati, aseptati. China, in silvis 5|00—1,200 m. alt. Hupeh:—H. C. Chow 540, Patung Hsien: Szechwan:—W. P Fang 2566, Omei Hsien. Kwangsi:—A. N. Steward and H. C. Cheo 323, Ling Yuen Hsien; Y. Tsiang 7048, Tuhshan. Kwei- chow:—Y. Tsiang 4315, Chengfeng (typus, herb. Edinburgh). Yunnan:—Henry 9407 (Mengtsze), 13316 (Yuan chiang); Y. Tsiang 12288. 25 Gardens Bulletin, S. Y. Tsiang’s collections have been named F. tsiangii by Merrill in herbaria, but I cannot find that the species has been published. It is a remarkable plant appearing ancestral to some, at least, of sect. Sycidium. SECT. ADENOSPERMA CORNER Reinwardtia 4 (1958) 43.—ser. Amphigenae et Hypogenae Corner id. 44. ser. Amphigenae Corner F. saccata Corner sp. nov.—Arbuscula —4 m. alta, sparsim ramosa, foliis confertis spiraliter dispositis. Glabra v. petioli pilis patenti- bus —1 mm. longis sparsim pubescentes, receptacula sparsim appresse pubescentia. Ramuli 5-7 mm. crassi, brunnei cavi. Stipulae 20-40 mm. longae et latae, ovato-saccatae apiculatae connatae, irregulariter fissae, persistentes. Lamina 25-36 X 11—13.5 cm., obovata, breviter acuminata, ad basim anguste cordatum gradatim attenuata, integra membranacea laevis, sicco fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-13, intercostis —7 strictis, subtus leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 10-50 mm., stipulis obtecto. Receptacula axillaria binata sessilia, stipulis obtecta, 20 mm. lata, subglobosa, tenuiter appresse pilosa, bracteis lateralibus nonnullis appressis v. subpatentibus glabris 4-6 mm. longis praedita, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus prominen- tibus glabris 3—4 mm. longis occluso: bracteis basalibus 3, 5—7 mm. longis, ovato-oblongis, glabris.: setis internis copiosis brun- neolis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori ? Flores feminei 2-3 mm. longi, sessiles: tepalis 4—6 rubris liberiso oblongis glabris ovario rubro sessili v. breviter stipitato equalibus: stylo fere gynobasali, glabro, rubro. Semina 2—2.2 < 1.5 <0.6—0.8 mm. compressa, carinata, basi leviter dupli- citer carinata, laevia. Cystolitha amphigena. Papua (Lala River, in silvis montanis 1,800 m. alt.; Carr 14063, typus, herb. Singa- pore). Species singularis, arbusculas sect. Sycocarpi simulans, sed tepalis liberis, seminibus ut in sect. Adenospermate. F. mollior F. v. Muell. ex Benth Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 173.— F. gazellae Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 7 (1886) 452.—F. mollior may be somewhat hairier than F. gazellae, but there is no other differ- ence and there are intermediates. 26 Vol. XVIII. (1960). var. pseudocovellia Corner v. nov.—Receptacula glabra, pyri- formia. Neth. New Guinea (Mamberamo, Versteeg 46, typus herb. Leiden). var. sessilis Corner v. nov.—Receptacula sessilia v. fere. Papua. Brass 26014 et 27320 (Fergusson Isl.), 28349 et 28526 (Ros- sel Isl.), 28069 (Sudest Isl.); Carr 12360 (Rouna Falls, typus herb. Singapore); Lister Turner 88. forma riparia Corner f. nov.—Lamina 6-10 x 2-3.5 cm., lanceolato-elliptica, acuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata: petiolo 5-15 mm. longo. Stipulae persistentes. Receptacula axillaria ses- silia. Neth. New Guinea (Sorong; Pleyte 517, typus herb. Leiden). F. verticillaris Corner sp. nov.—C. T. White, J. Arn. Arb. 31 (1950) 82, ut F. charadrophila Summerh.—Frutex v. arbor parva —10 m. alta, cortice pallide griseo. Folia rigida nitida, spi- raliter disposita, plerumque conferta, etiam subverticillata. Glabra. Ramuli 1.5—2.5 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae parvae, caducae. Lamina +11 x 4.5 cm., anguste elliptico- obovata, obtuse subacuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata, in- tegra, chartaceo-subcoriacea, fragilis, subscabrida, supra minute ruguluso-scrobiculata, sicco griseo-viridis v. fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8—13, intercostis 0-1, subtus costis late- ralibus solum conspicuis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevi- bus: petiolo 10-18 mm. Receptacula axillaria, binata v. soli- taria, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 4-18 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3 minutis, margine saepe ciliolatis: pedicello 2-6 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 7-8 mm. lata (-12 mm., vivo), sub- globoso v. depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis in- ternis paucis brunneis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis in strato receptaculi cecidiophori interno copiosis. Tepala 4—S rubra ovata libera glabra, ovario equalia v. breviora. Flores masculi ordine uno ostiolares sessiles: stamine uno. Flores feminei et cecidiophori sessiles: ovario sessili, pallide ochraceo dein sub- rubro: stylo valde gynobasali. Semina ? vix carinata (immatura). Solomon Islands, in silvis —1,200 m. alt. Habitu Baccaureae parvifoliae (Euphorbiaceae). F. arbusculae et F. adenosperma affinis, sed foliis parvis rigidis, sicco fragilibus chartaceis, nervis obscuris, pedunculo gracili, et bracteis lateralibus nullis differt. Var. robusta ad F. umbonatam Mid. attingens. Brass 2838 (San Cristoval), 3488 (Florida), 3523 (N’gela); Kajewski 2155 (Bougainville, Buin, typus herb. Copenhagen), 2366 (Malaita), 2584 (Guadalcanal); C. T. White (BSIP) 202 (New Georgia). 27 Gardens Bulletin, S. var. robusta Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, receptacula et paginae laminae inferiores minute puberuli. Ramuli 3-4 mm. crassi. Stipulae -18 mm. longae. Lamina -12 x 4.5 cm. Recep- tacula 12-15 mm. lata: pedunculo -10 x 1-1.5 mm.: bracteis basalibus 1.5 mm. longis. Tepala 3-4. Ovarium cecidiophorum sessile v. stipitatum. Stomata immersa. Brass 2883 (San Cristoval, typus herb. Leiden); E. S. Brown W/347 (Guadalcanal). F. adenosperma Miq. v. adenosperma forma angustifolia Corner f. nov.—Lamina 2-14 x 0.5-3 cm., lanceolata, ad apicem subacutam attenuata: intercostis 0-1. Celebes, Moluccas. Bloembergen 4449 (Soela Sanana, typus herb. Leiden); Rant 34 et v. Steenis 10419 (Celebes, Bantimoerong). var. chaetophora (Warb.) Corner comb. nov.—F. chaetophora Warb. in K. Schum. et Laut. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Suds. (1905) 246.—This is the state with spreading hairs, particularly at the nodes, and with the subcordate leaf-base. It is common in New Guinea. var. glabra Corner v. nov.—F. depressa Benth. Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 172.—F. turbinata Ridley, Tr. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. 9 (1916) 148.—Glabra v. fere. Lamina 7-13 x 2.2-—4.5 cm., an- guste elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, basi cuneata: costis laterali- bus utrinsecus (S—) 8-12. Receptacula saepe brevipedunculata v. subsessilia, bracteis lateralibus nullis. Key Isl., New Guinea, Solo- mon Isl., Queensland. Typus:—Kajewski 2480, Guadalcanal Isl., herb. Leiden. A. var. adenosperma vix separabilis, sed formae glabrae extre- mae Satis distinctae. — var. microlepis Corner v. nov.—Glabra. Lamina 8-18 x 3.5-9 cm., elliptica, subacuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata, intercostis. 2—5 laxis. Receptacula plerumque ad axillas defoliatas ramiflora, 6-7 mm. lata, globosa, bracteis lateralibus numerosis parvis saepe recurvatis praedita: pedunculo 2-6 mm. longo. New Guinea. Receptacula ut in F. comitis King, folia ut in F. adenosperma. Brass 23822 (Papua, Milne Bay District): BW 464 (Manok- wari); Hoogland 4451 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern Distr., Tufi subdistr., typus herb. Leiden); NGF 7861 (Terr. New Guinea, Morobe, Upper Bulolo Valley). 28 Vol. XVIII. (1960). ser. Hypogenae Corner F. austrina Corner sp. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 13 (1932) 106, ut F. moseleyana King.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis spira- liter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis fulvidulis appressis —1 mm. longis vestiti v. fere glabri: laminae glabrae. Ramuli 3-5 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae 20-45 mm. longae, lanceolatae, glabrae, caducae. Lamina 11-23 6-15 cm., obovata v. ellip- tico-obovata, obtusa v. subacuta, basi subcordata v. rotundato- cuneata, integra, laevis, membranacea v. subcoriacea, sicco griseo-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-8, intercostis laxis —7, subtus haud v. leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrin- secus 3 (-4), ad 4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 10-40 x 2.5— 3 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata glabra: pedunculo 1-10 mm. longo, crasso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1-2 & 2-2.5 mm., subcrecentiformia obtusa: corpore receptaculi 15 mm. lata (immatura), depresso-globosa, bracteis lateralibus nullis, osticlo bracteis. apicalibus plus minus umbonato: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete rec. femin. copiosis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori? Flores feminei-sessiles: tepalis 3—4 liberis lan- ceolatis v. spathulatis glabris, ovario subrubro sessili v. breviter _ stipitato longioribus: stylo glabro, valde laterali v. gynobasali. Semina ? Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl., New Hebrides, ad terram corallinaceam littoralem. Ut F. pedunculosae Mig. var. segaarensis (Engl.) Corner (F. moseleyana King) persimilis, sed stylo gynobasali-ut in sect. Ade- nospermate. Receptacula cecidiophora matura desiderata. Brass 2574 (San Cristoval, Waimamura, typus, herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse 176 (New Georgia); Kajewski 433 (Banks Groups, Vanua Lava Isl.). b F. casearioides King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 403; Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 5, pl. 228B.—F. hylobia Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 186.—var. gamosepala Corner nov.—Perianthium gamophyllum obtuse 2—4 lobatum. Ternate, New Guinea. Beguin 1527 (Ternate); Brass 23302, 24776 (Papua, Milne Bay District); Carr 13179 (Papua, Boridi, typus herb. Singapore), 14548 (Boridi); Carr 15711, 15797, 15847 (Lala River); NGF 4309 (Morobe), 6784 (Eastern Highlands). F. subcuneata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 235, 297.—F. stoechotricha Diels et F. trichoneura Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 225, 230—F. formosa Summerh. J. Arn. Arb. 29 Gardens Bulletin, S. 22 (1941) 97.—Miquel’s syntypes at Leiden and Utrecht (Teys- mann 5548, Halmaheira, and de Vriese s.n., Ceram, with one broken fig) leave no doubt of the identity of this characteristic species. F. tenella Corner sp. nov.—Arbor gracilis —10 m. alta, latice albido, foliis spiraliter dispositis. Glabra v. novelli pilis brun- neis —1 mm. longis appressis tenue vestiti. Ramuli 1.5—2.5 mm. crassi, brunnei, aliquando pilis microscopicis subfurfuracei. Stipulae 10-30 mm. longae, lanceolatae, glabrae, persistentes. Lamina 6-15 x 1.5—3.7 cm., lanceolato-elliptica v. anguste obovata, apice acuminata v. subcaudata —17 mm. longo, basi anguste cuneata, integra, membranacea, sicco fusco-brunnea; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11, intercostis —7 demissis; costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 4-14 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v. solitaria: pedicellis 4~-11 mm. longis, bracteis lateralibus parvis 2—3 dispersis v. in collare ad medium pedicellum ternatis: corpore receptaculi 6-9 mm. lato (10-12 mm. vivo), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus parvis 1-3 praedito, ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus 34 planis occluso: setis internis copiosis, 0.5-1 mm. longis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori ? Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis 4, pallide rubris, glabris liberis oblongis, ovario fusco-rubro sessili v. substipitato equalibus: stylo rubro, gyno- basali, glabro. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua. F. erythrospermae affinis, sed omnibus partibus minor, stipulis- que non caducis. Brass 23560 (Milne Bay District), 27510 (Misima Isl.); Carr 14639, 14989 (Boridi; 14989, typus herb. Singapore). F. funiculosa Corner sp. nov.—F. trichoneura Diels v. lachnocarpa Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 230.—Arbor —25 m. alta, cortice brunneo v. rufobrunneo, latice albido, foliis spiraliter dispositis v. subdistichis. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis albi- dis v. fulvis plus minus patentibus 1-2 mm. longis dense tomen- tosi, etiam pilis flexuosis numerosis intertextis: lamina supra mox glabrescens. Ramuli 2.5—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12-20 mm. longae, late lanceolatae, connatae, caducae. Lamina 9-23 x 6-18 cm., ovata, late elliptica v. subobovata, apice breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata -12 mm. longo, basi subcordata, rotun- data, v. late cuneata, integra, laevis, subcoriacea, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11, obliquis, saepe ad furcas marginem versus subtus glandulatis, intercostis 6—11, subtus 30 Vol. XVIII. (1960). \ leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-5, ad 1—} lami- nae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 15-45 2-4 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v. solitaria, dense tomentosa: pedi- cello 4-12 & 2.5 mm., bracteis lateralibus 1—2 parvis dispersis, raro in collarem instructis: corpore receptaculi 20-30 mm. Jato (tomento excluso: -45 mm. vivo), depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus parvis 1-3 dispersis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus numerosis, ut in disco 2.5-4 mm. lato, occluso: setis internis 1-2.5 mm. longis, copiosis mollibus subflexuosis: cellulis sclero- ticis nullis, v. in strato rec. cecid. interno numerosis. Tepala 3—4 libera glabra lanceolata rubra. Flores masculi ordinibus 2-3 ostiolares sessiles: tepalis spathulatis: stamine uno. Flores ceci- diophora sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: tepalis ovario sessili v. longistipitato, rubro v. rubromarginato, plus minus equalibus. Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis ovario sessili v. longistipitato rub- romarginato v. rubromaculato multo brevioribus: stylo subgyno- basali. Semina 1.7—1.9 mm. longa, multo compressa, auriculi- formia, obtuse carinata. + pecan hypogena. New Guinea, New Britain. F.. trichocerasae Diels affinis, sed tomentosior et receptaculis majoribus. Beccari s.n. (Ramoi; R.Ist. Fir. 9324); Brass 24002, 24106 (Milne Bay District), 27283 (Fergusson Isl.); BW 2525, 2767 (Manokwari); Hoogland 3555 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern Dis- trict, typus herb. Leiden), 4237 (T.N.G., Northern District); Ledermann 7922 (typus, F. trichoneura v. lachnocarpa); NGF 7031 (New Britain, eee J. C. Saunders 450 (T.N.G., Madang District). F. trichocerasa Diels var. glabristipula Corner v. nov.—Stipulae glabrae. Receptacula pedunculo saepe breviori 1—2.5 (—4) mm. longo: cellulis scleroticis in strato rec. fem. interno numerosis. Tepala oblongo-spathulata. Flores cecidiophori pedicellis —2 mm. longis praediti. Flores feminei stylo fere gynobasali. Papua. Brass 23257 (Milne Bay District, typus, Gray herb. Harvard); Brass 27468 (Misima Isl.), 28447 (Rossel Isl.); Carr 14162 (Alola). F. erythrosperma Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 226, 293.—F. pycnoneura Laut. et K. Schum, Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1901) 275.—F. lachnocarpa Warb. in Laut. et K. Schum Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1905) 243.—F. xantho- xyla Summerh. J. Arn. Arb. 10 (1929) 154.—Miquel’s syn- types (Forsten, Tondano, and Riedel, Menado, H.B. 5814) are 31 Gardens Bulletin, S. cat Leiden and Utrecht and leave no doubt of their identity with F. pycnoneura. Forsten’s collection is the better and should be regarded as the holotype at Leiden. There are nine more recent collections from Celebes. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. NEOMORPHE KING Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 1 (1887) 2; 1, 2 (1888) 165.— Dioecious. Perianth of free or more or less gamophyllous tepals, red to brownish. Male flowers ostiolar: stamens 2, filaments shortly joined, anthers more or less mucronate. Gall—and female stigma simple. Seed lenticular, smooth, slightly keeled. Cystoliths hypo- genous. Large buttressed trees, mostly cauliflorous. Figs peduncu- late with a collar of three basal bracts, no lateral bracts: mostly without sclerotic cells in the wall. 6 spp., India and South China to Solomon Isl. and Queensland. Type:—F. variegata Bl. I have redefined this section as intended by King. He put fifteen species into it, but five must be referred to other sections which he maintained, four are conspecific with others, two are false species, and four remain as the foundation of the section. Thus:— F. macrocarpa Wight and F. guttata (Wight) King are a variety of F. laevis Bl. (sect. Rhizoclaude Endl.). F. grandis King, F. d’Albertisii King, F. pomifera Wall. ex King belong to sect. Sycocarpus Miq (Covellia Gasp.). F. glomerata Roxb. belongs to subgen. Sycomorus Miq. and has F. acidula King, F. henrici King, and F. lanceolata B. Ham. as F. racemosa Linn. v. elongata King. F. aruensis King consists of the twigs and leaves of F. arfakensis King (sect. Sycocarpus Mig.) mounted by error with the figs of F. wassa Roxb. (sect. Sycidium Mig.), and is not, therefore, re- presentative of a living plant. F.. clarkeana King consists of the twigs and leaves of F. tincteria Forst. f. ssp. parasitica (Willd.) Corner with the figs of F. race- mosa Linn, and from the description is clearly a mistake of col- lecting the epiphytic F. tinctoria and the cauliflorous figs of its host as being one plant: it is a fudge. F. variegata Bl., with F. sycomoroides Miq. as a variety of it, F. nodosa Teysmn. et Binn., and F. roxburghi Miq., which is F. auriculata Lour., remain to define the section. The section, thus emended, must be divided into two series Varie- gatae and Auriculatae, which show alliance with subgen. Sycomo- rus in the first case and sect. Sycocarpus in the second. Ser. Variegatae are larger buttressed cauliflorous trees with the free 32 Vol. XVIII. (1960). tepals, subsessile flowers, and compressed male flowers with two stamens as in subgen. Sycomorus, but they are dioecious and geo- graphically isolated from the African region which is the centre of subgen. Sycomorus. Ser. Auriculatae, in contrast, consists of the one species F. auriculata Lour., which is so close to F. oligodon Mig. (sect. Sycocarpus) that the two species seem to interbreed in Indochina. To include Ser. Auriculatae in sect. Sycidium would destroy the precise character of the entire perianth which fits all the many species of sect. Sycidium. Here is a matter for resolution. Ser. Variegatae can be divided, likewise, into two subseries. That which I call subser. Laciniatae has the laciniate tepals so charac- teristic of subgen. Sycomorus, but it is the New Guinea group which is furthest removed geographically from the African subgen. Sycomorus. Here is another matter for resolution. ser. Auriculatae Corner ser. nov.—Flores feminei et cecidiophori longepedicellati: tepalis rubris, integris, liberis v. breviter conna- tis: ovario albido: stylo femineo longo piloso. 1 sp., F. auriculata Lour. ser. Variegatae Corner ser. nov.—sect. Neomorphe King sub- sect. Subcrassiusculifoliae Sata (lectotypus, F. variegata Bl.) et subsect. Tenuifoliorae Sata (lectotypus, F’. garciae Elmer) Monogr. (1944) 362, 364, 386.—Flores feminei et cecidiophori plus minus sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: ovario rufo-brunneo: stylo glabro, brevi. Flores masculi compressi. Typus:—F. variegata BI. subser. Variegatae.—Tepela integra. Receptacula processibus floriferis internis deficientibus: bracteis basalibus brevibus, 1-2 mm. longis. Typus:—F. variegata BI. subser. Laciniatae Corner suber. nov.—Tepala laciniato-dentata. Receptacula processibus floriferis internis praedita: bracteis basali- bus 2-5 mm. longis. Typus:—F. nodosa Teysm. et Bin. ser. Variegatae Corner subser. Variegatae F. variegata Bl. var. garciae (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. garcieae Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 550. var. ilangoides (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. ilangoides El- mer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9 (1937) 3445. var. sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. sycomoroides Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 230, 295. None of these shows more than variation in leaf-shape, vein- number, or fig-shape and, as intermediates are frequent, I cannot maintain them as species. 33 Gardens Bulletin, S. ser. Variegatae subser. Laciniatae Corner F. robusta Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —33 m. alta, ut F. variegata sed cortice pallide cremeo-viridi. Folia longepetiolata spiraliter dis- posita. Omnes partes primo pilis brunneolis erectis —1 (-1.5) mm. longis hispido-tomentosae, glabrescentes, v. ramuli et petioli primo glabri: nervuli subtus pilis brevibus albidis villo- suli. Ramuli 6—9 mm. crassi. Stipulae -20 mm. longae, brunneo- sericeae. Lamina —40 35 cm., ovato-cordata, apice rotundata v. obtusa, basi alte cordata, denticulata v. integra, membranacea dein subcoriacea, supra scabrida, subtus hispido-villoso: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—6, intercostis numerosis strictis, subtus elevatis: costis basalalibus utrinsecus 3 (—4), ad 4-4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 6—20 cm. longo. Recep- tacula ad ramulos efoliatos -16 cm. « 10—25 mm., praecipue ad partem trunci superiorem cauliflora et ramiflora: pedunculo 10-25 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2 mm. longis, ovatis, ob- tusis v. subacutis, caducis: corpore receptaculi 25-40 mm. lato (40-60 mm., vivo), pyriformi, brunneolo-hispido dein glabro, ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus 3—5 occluso: setis inter- nis copiosis brunneolis: pariete crasso (10-15 mm. vivo), pro- cessibus floriferis internis praedito, cellulis scleroticis paucis in strato interno. Flores masculi ordinibus nonnullis ostiolares, sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio gamophyllo: stamini- bus (1—) 2, filamentis breviter connatis, pistillodio saepe plus minus evoluto. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicello —3 mm. longo praediti: tepalis 3, liberis v. breviter connatis, lanceolatis integris v. plerumque laciniato-dentatis. Cystolitha hypogena. New Guinea, in silvis -400 m. alt. F. nodosae Teysm. et Bin. affinis, sed indumento hispido, lamina supra scabrida, bracteis basalibus caudicis, setis internis copiosis, floribus majoribus, perianthio plus minus gamophyllo differt. Carr 16323 (Papua, Kokoda); NIFS bb. 31341 (Hollandia) ; BW 432 (Manokwari); Hort. Bog. cult. XV J.B. XXIX 8 (ex New Guinea: typus, herb. Bogor). F. semivestita Corner sp. nov.—-Arbor —38 m. alta, cortice griseo- viridi v. brunneolo. Folia longiuscule petiolata spiraliter dis- posita. Ramuli, petioli, costae (subtus) et receptacula pilis fulvidulis 0.5 mm. longis rectis v. flexuosis breviter villosi. Ramuli 4—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae, fulvo-sericeae. Lamina 12-24 x 8-18 cm., ovata, acuta v. subacuminata, basi 34 Vol. XVIII. (1960). altiuscule cordata, integra, membranacea dein subcoriacea, supra laevis, subtus villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, intercostis strictis —11, subtus valde elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis parvis basalibus 2: petiolo 25-70 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria solitaria (an ramiflora ?), villosa, glabrescentia: pedunculo 17-20 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 5 mm. longis, caducis: corpore receptaculi 30-40 mm. lato, subgloboso, ostiolo plano bracteis parvis api- calibus numerosis occluso: setis internis copiosis, 0.5-1 mm. longis, albidis v. brunneolis: pariete crasso, processibus flori- feris internis praedito, cellulis seleroticis nullis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori ut in F’. robusta. Cystolitha hypogena. New Gui- nea, in silvis —100 m. alt. F. robustae Corner affinis sed lamina supra laevi, plus minus acuta, receptaculis axillaribus, bracteis basalibus longioribus. BW 5724 (Sorong); Clemens 8767 (Morobe); Hoogland 5187 (Terr. New Guinea, Madang distr., Mt. Hellwig); NGF 7358 (Morobe, typus herb. Lae). 35 Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia VI. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. SYCOCARPUS MIQ. By E. J. H. CORNER Botany School, University of Cambridge Summary NEW SUBSECTIONS, series, and subseries:—subsect. Auriculis- perma Corner, ser. Cynaroides Corner, ser. Theophrastoides Cor- ner, ser. Vitienses Corner; subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner; subsect. Pomifera Corner, ser. Pomifera Corner, ser. Lepidotae Corner; subsect. Macrostyla Corner; subsect. Sycocarpus, ser. Longetuberculatae Sata, ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata, subser. Praestantes Corner, Calopilinae Corner, Congestae Corner, His- pidae Corner, Axillares Corner, Fulvidulae Corner, Geocarpicae Corner. Earlier or substituted epithets:—F. oligodon Mig. (F. pomi- fera Wall. ex King), F. squamosa Roxb. (F. saemocarpa Miq.), F. pachyrrachis Laut. et K. Schum. (F. grandis King), F. congesta Roxb. (F. fasciculata F.v.M. ex Benth., etc.), F. schwarzii Koord. (F. miquelii auct.), F. gilapong Miq. (F. hypogaea King). New species: —F. cynaroides Corner, F. lancibracteata Corner, F. macrostyla Corner, F. parvibracteata Corner, F. praestans Corner, F. longibracteata Corner et v. lebetoides Corner, F. bac- caureoides Corner, F. papuana Corner, F. profusa Corner, F. sub- limbata Corner, F. tunicata Corner, F. latimarginata Corner, F. calcarata Corner, F. cereicarpa Corner, F. megaleia Corner, F. geocharis Corner, F. subterranea Corner, F. tarennifolia Corner, F. ixoroides Corner, F. pleyteana Corner. New varieties: —F. dammaropsis Diels v. obtusa Corner; F. ribes Reinw. var. cuneata (Miq.) Corner et f. stenophylla Corner, var. serraria (Miq.) Corner; F. botryocarpa Mig. var. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner, var. subalbidoramea (Elmer) et f. scabrida Cor- ner; F. pachyrrachis Laut. et K. Schum. var. porrecta Corner; F. vrieseana Miq. var. vrieseana f. appressipilosa Corner, var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Corner et f. obliqua Corner; F. congesta Roxb. var. chalmersii (King) Corner, var. menadena (Mig. ) 36 Vol. XVII. (1960). Corner; F. hispida Linn. f. var. badiostrigosa Corner, var. rubra Corner; F. lepicarpa Bl. var. brevibracteata Corner, var. pedun- culata Corner, var. suluensis Corner; F. uncinata Becc. var. gra- cilis Corner, var. parva Corner, var. pilosior Corner, var. strigosa Corner, var. truncata Corner; F.. beccarii var. asymmetrica Corner, var. latifolia Corner; F. septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner, var. salicifolia Corner; F. fistulosa Reinw. var. lucbanensis (Elmer) Corner; F. dimorpha Corner v. scabra Corner. subgen Ficus sect. Sycocarpus Miq. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 1 (1844) 33; emend. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1859) 322.—Gonusuke Raf. Sylv. Tellur. (1838) 58.— Sycomorphe Miq. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 1 (1844, January) 35.— Covellia Gasp. Parl. Giorn. Bot. 2 (1844) 218; Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 3 (1845) 347; emend. Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 458.—Cystogyne Gasp. id. 217, etc.—Ficus sect. Sycomorphe (Miq.) Endl. et sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. 4, 2 (1847) 34, 35.—Covellia Gasp. sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 468.—Covellia Gasp. sect. Euco- vellia Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 322, et sect. Paracovellia Mig. id. 325.—Ficus subgen. Covellia (Gasp.) Miq. sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Mig. et sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 296.—Ficus sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. 3 (1880) 369; King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1 (1887) 2, 97. ; This section is usually known as Covellia, but the names Sycocarpus, Sycomorphe, and Cystogyne have priority. As first published (1844) Covellia had only one species, C. ulmifolia Gasp., which, as F. ulmifolia Lam., belongs to sect. Sycidium. In the next year, Gasparrini added C. oppositifolia Gasp., which, as F. hispida Linn. f., was used by Miquel (1848) to emend the genus to the customary sense of sect. Covellia, but this would now seem to be illegal emendation. Sycocarpus, as first published, was a mixture of species now referred to subgen. Urostigma and sect. Sycidium, Ficus, Neomorphe, and Covellia, but Miquel (1859) reduced Sycocarpus to the genus Covellia Gasp., thereby showing that he considered C. daemona Koen. (= F. hispida Linn. f.) or F. congesta Roxb. as the representative species; the others he had already in 1848 placed in other sections or genera. Miquel (1848), also illegally, as it now appears, reduced Sycomorphe (1844) to Covellia, though Endlicher (1847) had reduced Covellia to Ficus sect. Sycomorphe. I see no reason to advocate the conservation of the erroneously interpreted sect. Covellia. 37 Gardens Bulletin, S. Gonusuke, Sycomorphe, Covellia emend. Miq., and sect. Syco-- carpus emend. Miq. are typified by F. hispida Linn. f. or its syno-- nyms. Cystogyne is typified by F. septica Burm. f. (= F. leucos- ticta). Sect. Paracovellia is typified by F. ribes Reinw. ex BI. The chief character of the section, to which the same Cystogyne’ referred, is the entirely gamophyllous perianth. In the male flower the perianth is saccate and covers one or, less often, two stamens. In the gall- and female flowers it is saccate, cupular, and variously reduced to an annulus round the stalk of the ovary, and in a few species it is absent, though the stamens are never naked. The re- duction of the perianth in the gall-flower is often much less than in the female flower of the same species. I divide the section into 5 subsections, 7 series, and 8 subseries.. There are about 64 species in tropical Asia and Australasia as far as Fiji, 52 of which occur in Malaysia. subsect. Auriculisperma Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 1.4—2 mm. longa, subcompressa, saepe auriculiformia, hilo non prominenti, obtuse carinata, laevia. Perianthium rubrum v. albidum. Stamina 1 v. 2. Ovarium rubrum v. albidum: stylo glabro. Receptacula basi tribracteata, bracteis lateralibus evolutis v. nullis: setis internis nullis. Folia spiraliter disposita. Solomon Isl. Fiji, 6 spp. Typus:—F. cynaroides Corner. ser. Cynaroides Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula sessilia, bracteis: basalibus 7-15 mm. longis, apicalibus projicientibus. Stamina 2. Pili brunnei. Stipulae grandes. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. 2 spp. Typus:—F. cynaroides Corner. ser. Theophrastoides Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula peduncu- lata, bracteis basalibus 3-9 mm. longis, apicalibus haud proji- cientibus. Stamen 1. Glabra v. albido-pilosa. Stipulae grandes. Lamina maxima obovata, Cystolitha amphigena v. hypogena. Arbuscula pachycaulis, haud v. vix ramosa, cauliflora. Solomon: Isl., Fiji, 1 sp. F. theophrastoides Seem. ser. Vitienses Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula pedunculata, bracteis basalibus 1-4 mm. longis, apicalibus haud projicientibus. Stamen 1. Glabra v. albido-pilosa. Stipulae parvae caducae. Cystolitha amphigena. Solomon Isl., Fiji, 3 spp. Typus:—F. viti- ensis Seem. subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner comb. nov.—Damma- ropsis Warb. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 296.—Semina 1.5 mm. longa, breviter oblonga, subcarinata laevia, hilo non pro- minenti. Perianthium rubrum. Stamina 2, filamentis liberis. 38 Vol. XVIII. (1960). Ovarium albidum. Receptacula maxima axillaria sessilis, brac- teis lateralibus magnis obtecta, basalibus haud distinctis, intus processibus floriferis bene evolutis: setis internis nullis. Lamina maxima suborbicularis v. obovata. New Guinea, 1 sp. F. dam- maropsis Diels. subsect. Pomifera Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 1—1.5 m.m. longa, lentiformia subcompressa, vix carinata, laevia, hilo non v. vix prominenti. Perianthium rubrum. Stamina 2, filamentis liberis v. breviter connatis, vel 1. Ovarium albidum, cecidiophorum et femineum perianthio toto obtecto. Receptacula pedunculata, basi tribracteata: setis internis minutis. v. nullis: cellulis sclero- ticis nullis (v. paucis, F. microdictya Diels). Folia spiraliter dis- posita. Systolitha hypogena. Terra firma Asiatica et New Guinea, 4 spp. Typus:—F. oligodon Mia. ser. Pomiferae Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula axillaria v. cauli- flora, saepe magna, bracteis lateralibus nullis. Stamina 2 (-1). Stylus valde lateralis, glabra. Arbores —20 m. altae. 3 spp. Typus: F. oligodon Miq. ser. Lepidotae Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula bracteis lateralibus praedita. Stamen 1. Stylus pilosus, subterminalis. Frutex (? arbus- cula). Burma, Thailand, 1 sp. F. griffithii Miq. subsect. Macrostyla Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 0.9-1.2 mm. longa, sublentiformia, plus minus carinata, laevia, hilo non Vv. vix- prominenti. Perianthium albidum, femineum et cecidiop- phorum perbreve. Stamen 1. Ovarium fusco-rubrum. Styli feminei longissimi 6-15 mm., receptaculi cavernam implentes, pilis deflexis vestiti ad margines ovarii quoque decurrentibus. Receptacula bracteis lateralibus praedita: setis internis nullis v. brevibus: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Folia lanceolata spiraliter disposita, glandulis nullis. Frutices riparii. Cystolitha hypogena. Sino-Himalaya, Sarawak, 2 spp. Typus:—F. macrostyla Corner. subsect. Sycocarpus.—Ficus sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Miq. subsect. Communiflorae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 293, 382 (ut Communi- siiflorae; lectotype F. repandifolia Elmer ).—sect. Pseudopalma Elmer subsect. Covelliae-pseudopalmae Sata,; Monogr. (1944) 320, 384 (lectotypus, F. multistipularis Merr.).—Semina 0.6— 1.3 mm. longa, sublentiformia, plus minus carinata, laevia, as- pera v. tuberculata, hilo prominenti (praeter F. francisci Wink1.) Perianthium albidum, tenuissimum. Stamen 1 (-—2 in F. calo- pilina Diels). Ovarium fusco-rubrum (albidum in F. gilapong): stylo haud elongato, subterminali. Spp. 51. Typus:—F. hispida Linn. f. 39 Gardens Bulletin, S- ser. Longetuberculatae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 294, 382.— Covellia Gasp. sect. Paracovellia Miq. et subgen. Covellia (Gasp. ) Miq. sect. Paracovellia Miq. |.c.—Cystolitha amphigena. Malaya usque ad New Britain (praeter Borneo ubi adhuc nondum col- lectae), 4 spp. Typus:—F. ribes Reinw. ex BI. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 298, 383.— sect. Sycidium ser. Harlandifoliae Sata id. 253, 255, 380 (lecto- typus, F. benguetensis Merr.), et ser. Eusyceifoliae Sata, id. 257, 381 (lectotypus, F. hauili Blanco) .—Cystolitha hypogena. Pakis- tan, Ceylon, usque ad ins. Solomon et Queensland, 46 spp. Typus: —F. repandifolia Elmer (F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl.). subser. Praestantes Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei. Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita. Receptacula cauliflora, bracteis lateralibus magnis obtecta: setis internis nullis. New Britain, Solomon Isl., 2 spp. Typus:—F. praestans Corner. subser. Calopilinae Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei v. pur- purei. Folia plerumque brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita, disticha. V. opposita. Receptacula cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis laterali- bus raris: setis internis copiosis. Malaya usque ad ins. Solomon (praeter ins. Philippine), 12 spp. Typus:—¥F. calopilina Diels. subser. Congestae Corner subser. nov.—sect. Sycidium Miq. ser. Harlandifoliae Sata et sect. Pseudopalmae Elmer subsect. Covelliae-pseudopalmae Sata, 1.c_—Glabra vel albido- v. brunneo- pilosa. Folia plus minus brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita v. sub- opposita. Receptacula cauliflora, bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis internis paucis v. nullis. Malaya usque ad New Guinea, 6 spp. Typus:—F. congesta Roxb. subser. Hispidae Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei v. albidi. Folia spiraliter disposita, plerumque opposita et scabrida. Recep- tacula cauliflora, plerumque in racemis ramosis elongatis penden- tibus, v. geocarpia, saepe bracteis lateralibus parvis praedita: setis internis nullis. Pakistan, Ceylon usque ad New Guinea et Queensland (praeter ins. Philippine), 2 spp. Typus:—F. hispida Linn. f. subser. Axillares Corner subser. nov.—Pili albidi, brunnei, v. purpurei, etiam glabrae. Folia plerumque brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita v. subopposita, in speciebus nonnullis pandurata gros- sedentata. Receptacula axillaria, saepe bracteis lateralibus parvis praedita: bracteis basalibus conspicuis 4-16 mm. longis: setis internis paucis minutis v. nullis. Burma usque ad New Guinea, 5 spp. Typus:—F. decipiens Reinw. ex BI. 40 Vol. XVII. (1960). subser. Fulvidulae Corner subser. nov.—Pili fulviduli pallidi tomentosi molles. Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita. Recep- tacula ad basim trunci cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis lateralibus numerosis, paucis v. nullis: setis internis plerumque copiosis. Sumatra, Borneo, 3 spp. Typus:—F. cereicarpa Corner. subser. Geocarpicae Corner subser. nov.—Pili albidi v. brunnei. Folia brevipetiolata, saepe asymmetrica, disticha. Receptacula geocarpica ad ramulos stoloniferos, plerumque bracteis lateralibus conspicuis praedita: setis internis nullis (praeter F. treubii King). Perianthium saepe perbreve v. in floribus femineis nullum. Malaya, Lingga, Borneo, Celebes, 8 spp. Typus:—F. geocarpa Mia. subser. Tuberculifasciculatae.—sect. Sycidium ser. Euscycei- foliae Sata |.c.—Glabrae v. pilis albidis v. brunneis appressis tenue vestitae. Folia longi—v. brevipetiolata spiraliter disposita, oppo- sita, v. disticha, saepe angusta: intercostis saepe paucis laxis. Re- ceptacula axillaria, cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis lateralibus nullis: bracteis basalibus brevibus: setis internis paucis v. nullis. India usque ad ins. Solomon, 9 spp. Typus:—F. repandifolia Elmer (F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl.).—Species reliquae propriis in- signibus nullis. subsect. Auriculisperma Corner ser. Cynaroides Corner F. cynaroides Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta. Folia longipe- tiolata spiraliter disposita, conferta. Ramuli, petioli, et costa media (supra) pilis rigidis 2-6 mm. longis brunneo-purpureis strigosi, receptacula brevioribus 1—2 mm. longis; nervi subtus minute et dense puberuli. Ramuli 10-12 mm. crassi. Stipulae 7-12 cm. K 20-25 mm., longissimae, persistentes, imbricatae, alabastrum et receptacula obtegentes, dense pallide sericeae. Lamina 20-40 « 10-23 cm., elliptica subovata v. subobovata, breviter acuminata, basi later cuneata, integra, tenue coriacea. laevis v. subtus subscabrida, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-13 (—14), intercostis 10-22 strictis, subtus leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3, ad 1 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 20-120 « 4-5 mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria stipulis obtecta binata sessilia compressa hispida: bracteis basalibus 3-4, 7-15 x 2—3.5 mm., lanceolatis, appresse brunneo-pilosis: corpore recep- taculi 16-23 mm. lata (22 * 26 mm. vivo), depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, bracteis 6-8 apicalibus 4-6 mm. longis erectis v. incurvis, pilosis, ovato-lanceolatis: setis internis 41 Gardens Bulletin, S. et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus instructi, perianthio saccato: staminibus 2, antheris mucronatis, filamentis liberis. Flores cecidiophori et feminei sessiles v. stipitaiti: perianthio cupulari integro, saepe obliquo, 4 ovarii fusco-rubri tegenti v. feminei breviori: stylo glabro. Semina 1.4-1.6 « 1 X 0.8 mm., auriculiformia laevia, hilo non pro- minenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. (Bougainville), in silvis frequens. Species distinctissima F. lancibracteatae Corner affinis. Ramuli, ut videtur, capitulis cynaroidibus terminati. Kajewski 1856 (typus, herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse 202, B265, 578, 845. F. lancibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —12 m. alta, foliis longi- petiolatis spiraliter dispositis (? suboppositis). Ramuli, petioli, laminae margines, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneo-purpureis rigidis strigoso-hispidi, pilis ad ramulos petiolosque 3—7 mm. longis, ad costas subtus 1—2 mm. longis: nervuli pallide puberuli: lamina supra appresse pallido-pilosa. Ramuli 4 mm. crassi. Stipulae 20-30 mm. longae, caducae, glabrae v. ad basim setosae. Lamina 10-15 x 6-9 cm., elliptica, apice acuminata —10 mm. longo, basi cuneata v. rotundato-cuneata, denticulata v. subintegra, membranacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis latera- libus utrinsecus 7—8, intercostis strictis —9, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basa- libus nullis: petiolo 18-75 2 mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria sessilia, 15 mm. lata, glabra v. primo tenue brunneo-pilosa, bracteis lateralibus lanceolatis glabris numerosis —12 mm. longis praedita, bracteis apicalibus con- fertis erectis: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: periantho cupulari bre- Vissimo stipitem ovarii fusco-rubri amplectanti: stylo laterali glabro. Semina 1.4—1.5 x 0.6 mm., auriculiformia compressa, obtuse carinata, laevia, hilo non prominenti. Cystolitha hypo- gena. Solomon Isl. (Bougainville.) Receptacula ut in F. macrostyla Corner et F. longibracteata Corner, sed semina diversa. Semel collecta sed “‘in silvis frequens” notata. Kajewski 2032 (Buin, typus herb. Kew). subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner F. dammaropsis Diels var. obtusa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula 8-13 cm. lata (bracteis exclusis): bracteis lateralibus -35 Xx 70 mm., fere semicircularibus, obtusissimis: pariete 4-6 mm. crassi, prope ostiolum 10-12 mm. Terr. New Guinea, Papua. 42 Vol. XVIII. (1960). Brass 23340 (Milne Bay District, Mt. Dayman); Carr 13942 (Yodda River, typus herb. Br. Mus.); Hoogland 6138 (Mt. Ha- gen); NGF 1113 et 3396 (Aujura), 3047 (Partep), 7501 (Morobe, Bulolo Valley). . subsect. Pomifera Corner F. oligodon Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 234, 297.— F. pomifera Wall. ex King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 171, p. 215, non Kurz: Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc., 11 (1933) 46, f. 24. subsect. Macrostyla Corner F. squamosa Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 531.—F. saemocarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 232, 296.—There is a specimen of Roxburgh’s in herb. Martti, Brussels, named “F. squamosa” by Roxburgh, which I take to be the type. F. macrostyla Corner sp. nov.—Frutex, foliis brevipetiolatis spiraliter dipsositis. Ramuli, petioli, et stipulae pilis fusco- brunneis appressis 0.5—1 mm. longis dense vestiti, costa utrimque pilis sparsis brevioribus glabrescens: nervuli glabri. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, anguste lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina 9-18 x 2.5—4 cm., obovato- lanceolata, acuta, ad basim angustum attenuata, integra, laevis, sicco griseo-viridis v. brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11, obliquis, intercostis —8, subtus haud v. vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis nullis: petiolo 12—35 x 2-2.5 mm. Receptacula axillaria (? ramiflora), ? solitaria, 25 xX 20 mm. (bracteis inclusis), bracteis lanceolatis rectis planis numerosis appresse brunneo-pilosis -—17 x 6 mm., toto obtecta, basim versus bracteis brevioribus -6 x 3 mm., ad pedunculum (?) 1-2 mm. longum attenuata, bracteis basalibus ternatis deficientibus, ostiolo ?; setis internis paucis brunneis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei subsessiles: perianthio cupulari brevissimo hispiduloso: ovario plus minus stipitato, brunneo, marginibus utrisque pilis deflexis hispidis: stylo 12—15 mm. longo, pilis deflexis puberulis, apicem versus pilis confertis patentibus. Semina 1 x 0.6 mm., subcompressa, lentiformia carinata laevia, hilo non prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak (Saribas, riparia, Haviland 3601, typus herb. Kew). _ Species insignis, specimine unico, F. squamosae Roxb. affinis © sed in omnibus partibus diversa. 43 Gardens Bulletin, S. subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Longetuberculatae Sata F. ribes Reinw. ex BI. var. cuneata (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.— Covellia cuneata Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 466, t. 8B.—F. cuneata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 297. f. stenophylla Corner f. nov.—Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9 (1937) 3436 (ut F. linearifolia Elmer).—Lamina 5-15 0.8- 2.4 cm., lineari-lanceolata. Philippines. Elmer 14514 (typus herb. Copenhagen), 14949, 17726; Bur. Sci. 24872; PNH 37136; Sablaya 57. var. serraria (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—F. serraria Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 428.—Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis rigidis erectis fusco-brunneis 1-3 mm. longis strigoso-villosi, nervuli subtus sparsim appresse albido-puberuli, laminae pagina superior pilis albidis appressis sparsa. Lamina serrato-dentata v. subintegra. Stylus femineus glaber. Sumatra. Ut F. vrieseana Mia. villosior, sed cystolithis amphigenis copio- sis ut F. ribes. Teysmann 738 (Batang Baroes, typus herb. Utrecht); Achmad 86 (Simaloer); Bangham 748, 952 (Siantar-Berastagi; det. F. obscura Bl.); Bartlett 10403, 10608 (Toba); Bunnemeyer 655, 10332 (Koerintje); Lorzing 1701, 6797, 9715 (Karoland), 8857, 8862 (Toba); Nielsen 1252 (Pintan); NIFS bb. 7161: Sing. F.n. 16302 (Berastagi); v. Steenis 5924. F. botryocarpa Miq. v. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner com. nov.— F. linearifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 257:—F. cervina Elmer, id. 2 (1908) 543.—This is merely a lanceolate, willow-leafed variety or form of F. botryocarpa. Elmer 7428 (type), 7604, 9364, 10179 (type, F. cervina); Baker 2633; Bur. Sci. 2633, 22104, 33874, 76439; PNH 18286. var. subalbidoramea (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. mindo- rensis Merr. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 12.—F. sordi- dissima Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1268.—F. subalbi- doramea Elmer, id. 7 (1914) 2389.—This is the state with short, pale, appressed hairs which is commonly, but erroneously, called F. conora King. The type of this species must be the collection of Beccari s.n. (Acqui Conora, Ternate), which is typical F. botryo- carpa with dark brown spreading hairs. f. scabrida Corner f. nov—Lamina subtus scabrida. Pili erecti hispido-villosi albidi v. brunneoli —1 mm. longi. New Guinea, New Britain. 44 Vol. XVII. (1960). ‘Barclay 3561 (New Guinea); Beccari 388 (New Guinea, Ramoi); L. S. Gibbs 6172 (Manokwari, det. F. brachiata King) ; Kanehira et Hatusima 13430 (Manokwari); Kostermans 449 (Manokwari, typus herb. Leiden); Lauterbach 2548; NGF 3493 (New Britain), 4310 (Morobe); J. C. Saunders 41 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern District). F. parvibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis longi- uscule petiolatis spiraliter disposita. Ramuli, petioli, costae nervulique subtus, stipulae, et receptacula pilis albidis appressis __ tenue vestiti. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, pallide cremei. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina —20 7 cm., anguste elliptica, apice abrupte acuminata v. caudata —10 mm. longo, basi anguste cuneata, integra, membranacea, utrimque subscabrida, sicco griseo-virids: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-7, obliquis, intercostis —9, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 1, brevibus, glandulis nullis: petiolo —50 mm., gracili. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos laxe paniculatos —25 cm. longos, basi 4-5 mm. crassos, internodis —15 mm. iongis, cauliflora: pedunculo 3-5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-5 « 2.5—4 mm., ovato- acutis: pedicello 0; corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. lato, sub- globoso, bracteis lateralibus nonnullis appressis praedito, api- calibus 5 appressis: setis internis —1 mm. longis, brunneis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordine uno instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidio- phori perianthio ovarium rufo-brunneum obtegenti. Cystolitha amphigena. Celebes (Kjellberg 2640, B. Porema, 1,500 m. alt.; typus, herb. Stockholm). | Receptacula ut F. ribes sed bracteis lateralibus praedita, basali- bus majoribus. Folia spiraliter instructa et longiuscule petiolata ut F. cassidyana. Elmer. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Praestantes Corner F. praestans Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis longipe- tiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, costae (subtus) pilis appressis aureo- v. fusco-brunneis rigidis 1-2 mm. longis dense vestiti, nervuli subtus pilis brevioribus albidis. Ramuli 7—12 mm. crassi, brunnei, glabrescentes. Stipulae 20-60: x 12-25 mm., late lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina —48 . 28 cm., elliptico-obovata, apice acuminata —15 mm. longo, ad basim subcordatum v. cuneatum attenuata v. sublyrata, denti- culata v. subintegra, membranacea, supra sparsim appresse albido-pilosa, subtus subscabrida, sicco brunneola: costis 45 Gardens Bulletin, S. lateralibus utrinsecus 10-12, intercostis strictis —13, subtus elevatis; costis basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, brevibus, glandulis nul- lis: petiolo 30-110 & 4-5 mm. Receptacula ad ramos efoliatos crassos, vix ramosos, —-40 cm. * 10—22 mm., internodis haud evolutis, receptaculorum cicatricibus armatos, apice stipulatos, cauliflora: pedunculo 8-12 * 3 mm.; corpore receptaculi 25 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, mox glabro, bracteis lateralibus numerosis ut stipulas toto obtecto, apicem versus bracteis mino- ribus, basim versus subverticillatis: setis internis minutis sparsis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordine uno instructi, breviter pedicellati, brac- teolis 2: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori pedicellati: perian- thio ovarium tegenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain (Keravat, NGF 3407, typus herb. Lae). Seminibus incognitis species magnifica sedis incertae, forsan F. longibracteatae Corner affinis, sed receptaculis debracteatis F. pachyrhachis K. Schum. verisimilis. F. longibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis longi- petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneis —1 (—1.5) mm. longis appressis tenue vestiti, nervuli subtus pilis brevioribus. Ramuli 5—7 mm. crassi, brunnei, glabri v. nodis sparsim pilosi. Stipulae 20-95 « 12-22 mm., grandes, late lanceolatae, subcaducae. Lamina 17-33 11-25 cm., elliptica, breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata, basi cordata v. rotundato-cuneata, integra, membranacea, laevis, sicco fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, saepe glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis —12, subtus elevatis; costis basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, ad 4-3 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 40-110 « 3-4 mm., glandula sub- nodali praedito. Receptacula axillaria solitaria et ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —35 cm. longos, 5 mm. latos, internodis 2—4 cm. longis, cauliflora (? geocarpica): pedunculo 3-13 & 2 mm.; bracteis basalibus 20-30 & 11-15 mm., late lanceolatis, ap- presse brunneo-pilosis, haud in collare instructis: corpore recep- taculi 15-22 mm. lato (30-45 mm., vivo, pariete 5—7 mm. crasso), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus numerosis lanceolatis —25 < 15 mm., apicem versus minoribus, obtecto: setis internis albidis, brevibus, sparsis: cellulis scleroticis nullis v. in strato parieties rec. fem. interno sparsis. Flores masculi ordinibus 3-4 instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori longipedicellati: perian- thio ovarium ad basim stigmatis tegenti. Flores feminei plus minus pedicellati: perianthio cupulari breve ad basim stipitis ovarii rufo-brunnei: stylo piloso. Semina 1-1.3 « 0.8 * 0.7 46 Vol. XVIII. (1960). mm., sublentiformia, leviter carinata, subtuberculata, aspera, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. (Bougain- ville, Guadalcanal, Florida), in silvis primariis et secundariis _ frequens. Species insignis, F. complexae Corner (sect. Sycidium) similis. Brass 3492 (typus, herb. Leiden); E. S. Brown 2705, W/17, W/199; Kajewski 1864. var. lebetoides Corner v. nov.—Stipulae breviores, — 35 mm. longae. Costae laterales utrinsecus pauciores 4-7. Bracteae basales minores 7-10 < 3—6 mm. Receptacula 14—18 mm. lata, depresso- globosa, bracteis lateralibus 5-8 mm. longis sparsis, apicalibus 3—6 mm. longis erectis: setis internis nullis. Solomon Isl. (Guadal- canal, Kajewski 2642, Mt. Tutuve, typus herb. Kew). ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Calopilinae Corner F. pachyrrhachis Laut. et K. Schum. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1901) 282.—F. grandis King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 170, pl. 214; non Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat 3 (1867) 315. —F. pachythyrsa Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 215.—I have examined the types of these species, which are certainly conspecific. Unfortunately King’s name is a later homonym. var. porrecta Corner v. nov.—Receptacula ostiolo non depresso, bracteis apicalibus lanceolatis rectis 3-5 mm. longis nonnullis: bracteis lateralibus paucis similibus. Ramuli, stipulae, et folia pilis rigidis appressis. Netherlands New Guinea (Mendawa, BW 682, typus herb. Leiden). F. longibracteatae Corner v. lebetoidis Corner similis sed costis. lateralibus paucioribus, setis internis copiosis. F. baccaureoides Corner sp. nov.—Arbor — 6m. alta, foliis longi- uscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneis 2-4 mm. longis erectis v. de- curvatis hispidi, ad costas 1-2 mm. longis: nervuli subtus bre- viter hispiduli: laminae pagina superior pilis albidis rigidis Sparsim hispido-scabrida. Ramuli 4-5 mm. crassi, ? cavi. Stipulae 15-30 mm. longae, glabrae, caducae. Lamina 14—30 11-17 cm., obovata, apice breviter acuminata —7 mm. longo. basi cordata v. rotundato-cuneata, denticulata v. subintegra, membranacea, utrimque hispido-scabrida, sicco fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, marginem versus dichotomis et glandula axillari ad furcam praeditis, intercostis —12, subtus 47 Gardens Bulletin, S. elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 4—5, brevibus, glandulis nullis: petiolo 15-55 2.5—3 mm., glandula subnodali exigua praedito. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —1 m. longos, 3—4 mm. crassos, aliquando apicibus foliosis, cauliflora, albido-hispidula dein glabra: pedunculo 11-25 X 1.5 mm.: brac- teis basalibus 3, 1.5—-3 mm. longis, ovato-subacutis, caducis: corpore receptaculi 13-16 mm. lato (21 x 22 mm., vivo), depresso-globoso, aliquando brevipedicellato bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis glabris occluso: setis internis 0.5—1 mm. longis, brunneolis, vix numerosis: cel- lulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores feminei subsessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio brevi tubulari usque ad basim ovarii fusco-rubri extenso: stylo glabro. Semina 1 x 0.6 mm., sublentiformia carinata laevia, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena, v. etiam paucis hypergena. Solomon Isl. (Bougain- ville). Forsan F. bougainvillei Rechinger affinis, sed cauliflora pedun- culis receptaculi longioribus, bracteis basalibus caducis inter alia differt. Kajewski 1927 (Buin, typus herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse 7, 208, B208. F. profusa Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis longepetio- laris spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, nervi utrimque, et receptacula juvenia pilis appressis brunneis 1—1.5 mm. longis densiuscule vestitis, nervuli pilis brevioribus sub- erectis sparsi: laminae pagina superior pilis aibidis appressis scabrida. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —25 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina —25 x 15 cm., ovata v. elliptica, breviter subacuminata, basi rotundato-subcorcata v. anguste rotundata, membranacea, ciliato-denticulata, utrimaue scabrida, sicco fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8, plerumque glandula axillari praeditis et saepe glandula ad furcas marginem laminae versus, intercostis 5—9 sublaxis, subtus vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-4, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 30-120 mm. longo, glabrescenti, glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula ad basim trunci pro- fusa (? ad ramulos stoloniformes), glabrescentia, maturitate luteo-viridia: pedunculo 4-8 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 4 mm. longis, lanceolato-ellipticis, non caducis: corpore recep- taculi 15 mm. lato (25 & 30 mm., vivo), depresso-subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, apicem versus subcostato, ostiolo primo bracteis 5 apicalibus umbonatis appressis occluso dein internis minoribus numerosis insertis: setis internis brunneis a a Cs a at 48 EE eee eee Le Vol. XVII. (1960). nonnullis: cellulis scleroticis in rec. fem. nullis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo ut collare ad basim ovarii rufo-brunnei; stylo dense piloso. Semina 0.8-1 mm. longa, subcarinata, subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cysto- litha hypogena: pili papillati. Solomon Isl., Bougainville (Kupei Gold Field, Kajewski 1743, typus herb. Kew). F. d’Albertisii King affinis sed receptaculis a diligentissimo Ka- jewski notata ‘“‘on the roots of the tree in great profusion”, haud ad ramulos spiciformes cauliflora, bracteis basalibus apicalibusque majoribus inter alia differt. Melius species nova solomonensis describenda quam ad novoguineenses referenda. F. papuana Corner sp. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 22 (1941) 99, ut F. setistyla Warb.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis bre- vipetiolatis distichis v. oppositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (sub- tus) pilis brunneolis erectis 1-2 mm. longis hispido-villosi: nervuli subtus pilis albidis brevioribus: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis albidis sparsa. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi, cavi. Stipulae —20 mm. longae, appresse pilosae, caducae. Lamina 20-38 x« 10-17 cm., oblongo-elliptica, ad apicem subacumi- natum —20 mm. longum attenuata, basi asymmetrica uno latere caudato-auriculata altero anguste subcordata, denticulata, mem- branacea, supra scabridula, subtus velutinosa, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus (7—) 9-12, marginem versus fur- catis, subtus valde elevatis, intercostis —8, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 3 + 5, brevibus: petiolo 10-15 mm. longo, saepe laminae auricula obtecto, glandula subnodali praedito. Recep- tacula ad ramulos efoliatos crassos breves cauliflora, hispidula dein glabra: pedunculo 10-35 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 2-4 mm. longis, ovato-subacutis: corpore receptaculi 20-30 mm. lato (-45 mm., vivo), pyriformi, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus nonnullis confertis oc- cluso: setis internis albidis, sparsis v. copiosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus 2—3 instructi, pedicellati: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicello —3.5 mm. longo prae- diti: perianthio ovarium rufo-brunneum tegenti. Flores feminei sessiles v. pedicello —1.5 mm. longo praediti: perianthio brevis- simo: ovario rufo-brunneo sessili v. stipitato: stylo dense piloso. Semina subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua, Terr. New Guinea. F. calopilinae Diels affinis et forsan varietas, sed foliis distichis, lamina oblonga, basi valde asymmetrica, brevipetiolata, costis plu- tibus, basalibus brevibus, et indumento molli differt. 49 Gardens Bulletin, S. Brass 1159 (Vailala River, Upoia), 5605 (Central Division, Kubuna), 5967 (Western Division, Oriomo River), 6440 (Wes- tern Division, Daru Isl., typus herb. Kew), 7740 (Middle Fly River, Lake Daviambu); Carr 11640 (Veiya). F. vrieseana Miq. var. vrieseana f. appressipilosa Corner f. nov.— F. brachiata King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 106, pl. 136.—Pili—1 mm. longi, appressi, breviores. Java, Sumatra. Koorders 9087, 21916 (typus, herb. Leiden), 24633, prov.. Banjoemas, Java; Meijer 4268 (Sumatra, Indragiri): Forbes 1605, 2313 (typus, F. brachiata King), Sumatra. var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Corner comb. nov.—F. chamae- carpa Ridley, Kew Bull. (1926) 82; Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc. 11 (1933) 22, f. 10, 11.—Appressipilosa. Lamina basi plus minus valde asymmetrica, uno latere cordato-auriculata. Setae in- ternae paucae. Perianthium cecidiophorum breve. Malaya, Sumatra. f. obliqua Corner f. nov.—Pili erecti. Lamina basi minus asym-. metrica. Malaya, Sumatra, New Guinea. Malaya:—Corner s.n. (Johore, G. Panti, 10.3.35); Hume 9544 (Ginting Simpah); Ridley 2588 (Tahan River); Sing. F.n. 26031 (Negri Sembilan, Bt. Tangga, typus herb. Singapore); Sumatra:—v. Steenis 3465 (Palembang, Ranau-meer). New Guinea:—Kostermans 2620 (Manokwari). F. sublimbata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor foliis brevipetiolatis spira-. liter dispositis v. decussatis. Ramuli, petioli, et costa media (subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneolis rectis appressis —1 mm. longis. vestiti: nervuli pilis plus minus patentibus: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis sparsa. Ramuli 2.5-3 mm. crassi. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, ad carinam pilosae, subpersistentes. Lamina 10-15 « 4-8 cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata, sym-. metrica, subdentata, denticulata v. subintegra, subcoriacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsceus 4, intercostis 4-7, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 10-25 mm., glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —35 cm. longos, 5—6 mm. crassos, internodis 5—15 mm. longis, cauliflora: pedunculo 12-15 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-4 mm. longis, lanceolatis, crassis, glabris: corpore receptaculi 25 mm. lato, subgloboso, pilis brunneolis sparsim vestito dein glabro, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus. 50;, Vol. XVIII. (1960). numerosis occluso: setis internis —1 mm. longis, brunneolis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis rec. cecid. interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori pedicellati: perianthio ad 3—4 ovarii rufo- brunnei cupulato. Cystolitha hypogena. New Guinea (Wissel Lake, Eyma 4770, typus herb. Leiden). F. calopilinae Diels, F. ternatanae Miq., et F. tunicatae affinis, ‘sed costis lateralibus paucis, basalibus elongatis, receptaculis majusculis. Inquirenda. F. tunicata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor foliis breviuscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis patentibus v. ap- pressis brunneis —1 mm. longis sparsim vestiti: costae subtus appresse pilosae: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis sparsa. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, lanceolatae, appresse brunneo-pilosae. Lamina —23 x 12 cm., ovata, sub- acuminata, breviter cordata, subdenticulata, membranacea, ‘supra subscabrida, sicco brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, intercostis —11, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis nullis: petiolo 20-35 mm. longo. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos —5 cm. longos -cauliflora: pedunculo 2—3 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5 mm. longis, subacutis: corpore receptaculi 10 mm. lato (im- maturo), subgloboso: glabro, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 5 parvis occluso: setis internis copiosis brevibus brunneis: cellulis scleroticis in strato. parietis interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordine uno instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. stipitati: perianthio ovarium usque ad basim styli tegenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Great Key Isl. (H. Jensen 121, typus herb. Copenhagen). Aspectus F. variegatae Bl., vero F. ternatanae Miq. et F. sub- limbatae Corner affinis. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Congestae Corner ¥. congesta Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 560; Wight, Ic. t. 644; Migq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 296; King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 180.—F. fasciculata F. Muell. ex Benth. Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 177, et v. opposita. Benth.—F. setistyla Warb. Fedde’s Rep. 1 (1905) 77.—F. trichostyla Warb. id.— F, satterthwaitei Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 199.—F. appendiculata Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 18 (1921) 57.—F. binuan- _gensis Merr. id. 67.—Miquel and King regarded this as an un- certain species, but there is now abundant material to show 51 Gardens Bulletin, S. that it is one of the important, common, and variable species of | central and eastern Malaysia. Because of this variability, which : requires field-study, the species is difficult to assess. Six old spe- : cimens prove its identity. Wallich 4510 represents F. congesta as cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Gardens, presumably being the plants raised by Roxburgh from Amboina. B. Hamilton 2427, at Edinburgh, is named “F. congesta Hort. Beng. 66”. In herb. Martii, Brussels, there are four sheets of Roxburgh’s which are identical, but none is named F. congesta by him; that labelled “n.9” has the note by him “undetermined Ficus from Amboyna June 1809”, and two others (10, 11) are named F. conglomerata by him. All these agree with Roxburgh’s descrip- tion and Wight’s illustration. Matching them is the recent col- lection C. B. Robinson 1690 (Amboina) which Merrill deter- mined as F. congesta Roxb. On these grounds I list the above synonyms, after the examination of their types. F. setistyla Warb., based on Diels 8497 (Queensland), seems to be a mix- ture; the leaves are those of F. congesta, with which I identify it, but the figs in a capsule are those of F. hispida (with lateral bracts and strongly hairy style). In the Philippines F. congesta seems to grade into F’. benguetensis Merr.; in Celebes and Bor- neo it comes near to F. miqueliana Corner: in Australia it tends to have smaller figs, as in some collections from New Guinea, and there is a suggestion that it may be geocarpic (unless con- fused with such a form of F. hispida). This Australian form is “F. caudiciflora Solander ms.”’. var. Chaimersii (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. chalmersii King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 406; Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 6, pl. 230A.—F. caulothyrsa Laut. et K. Schum. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1901) 286.—This has more thickly appressedly hairy twigs, petioles and underside of the nerves. It occurs chiefly in New Guinea. var. menadena (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. menadena Mid. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 233, 296.—This is an un- usually hairy state from Celebes, represented by twelve collections. F. schwarzii Koord. Meded. Pl. Tuin Batavia 19 (1898) 607, -644.—Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc. 11 (1933) 34, f. 18, 19; - Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 286, ut F. miquelii King.—Koor- ders cited no collections. One only of his (n. 19252, Minahassa) bears the name F. schwarzii, which is written by him, and as it agrees with the brief description, J take it to be the type. It is. 52 Vol. XVIM. (1960). the same as the rather common species known in Malaya. as F. miquelii King. Unfortunately this name cannot be used. King made clear in his description that he intended the name F. miquelii to substitute that of F. caulocarpa Miq. (Covellia), with the collection de Vriese (Celebes) as type, because he treated F. caulocarpa (Covellia) as a homonym of F. caulo- _carpa Miq. (Urostigma). King first wrote F. caulocarpa Miq. on many sheets of the Covellia-species and then crossed this. name out in most cases and wrote F. miquelii King. Hence there is no question which F. caulocarpa, as simultaneous homonyms, has priority. The type of F. caulocarpa (Covellia) was cited first in the list of collections given by King under F.. miquelii. I have now examined this specimen at Leiden, where King also studied it, and find that it is unmistakably F. botryocarpa Miq. with cystoliths abundant on both sides of the lamina. Accordingly, I reduce F. miquelii to F. botryocarpa. King’s plate of F. miquelii represents the Malayan plant which must be called F. schwarzii Koord., but the nine other collections which he cited belong to three species, thus:— Bi gae a Singapore, leg. King; Perak, King’s coll. 955, 1883; Burma, Kurz 1520, 3145:—F. schwarzii Koord. Sumatra, Beccari P.S. 544, 631, 761:—F. ribes Reinw. New Guinea, Forbes 903:—F. congesta Roxb. v. chalmersii (King) Corner. King’s description is a mixture of all these. Thus, even if F. schwarzii had not been described, a new name would have had to be made for the Malayan species. In Celebes, F. schwarzii comes close to F. congesta Roxb. and to F. ternatana Miq., and they need field-investigation. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Hispidae Corner F. hispida Linn. f. var. badiostrigosa Corner v. nov.—F. heterostyla Merr. J. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 158.—Ramuli petio- lique pilis obscure brunneis rigidis 2~4 mm. longis strigoso-his- pidi, receptacula et costae (subtus) pilis 1-2 mm. longis. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos elongatos stoloniformes —6 m. longos, 4—6 mm. crassos, internodis 2-10 cm. longos, geocar- pica: pedunculo 4-12 * 1-1.5 mm.:: bracteis basalibus 2—2.5 mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 12-15 mm. lato, parviusculo. Semina 0.8 mm. longa. Tonkin, Laos, Annam. 53 Gardens Bulletin, S. Tonkin:—Balansa 763 (Dong Dang); Petelot 2569, 5664 (Mt. ‘Bavi, typus F. heterostyla). Laos:—Poilane 13277 (prov. Savanna Khet, inter Laobao et Muong Non). Annam:—Poilane 7394 (Lien Chien, pr. Tourane), 11134 (Dong co Pat, prov. ‘Quang Tri, typus v. badiostrigosa, herb. Paris), 13564 (Quang Tri river, inter L. Bar Ching et L. Da Ban). var. rubra Corner v. nov.—Receptacula 12-15 mm. lata, ad ramulos elongatos efoliatos geocarpica, maturitate rubra: pedun- -culo —5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibis 0-2. Ramuli, petiolique pilis obscure brunneis —1 mm. longis hispidi. Folia opposita: stipulae persistentes. China, Annam, in silvis montanis —1,500 m. alt. In v. hispida receptacula semper flavescentia v. brunnescentia, “nunquam rubescentia. A. N. Steward et H. C. Cheo 690, Kwangsi, Ling Yuen Hsien, “3m. shrub: fruit red, on root of tree’; Poilane 32047 (typus, herb. Paris), Annam, 1,000-1,500 m. alt., 6—8 m. tree, fruits red, -on runner on soil. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Axillares Corner _F. lepicarpa Bl. var. brevibracteata Corner v. nov.—Bracteae basales 2—4 mm. longae (v. lepicarpa 4-13 mm. longae): brac- teae laterales 1-2 v. nullae. Receptacula sessilia, sparsim ap- presse pilosa. Amboina, Sarawak, North Borneo. Amboina:—C. B. Robinson 1675, 1676; Barclay 4155 (det. F. _leucantotoma). Sarawak:—Haviland s.n. (Penkalan Ampat, typus -herb. Kew). British North Borneo:—For. Dept. A1059 (Sanda- kan, mixed with F. septica). var. pedunculata Corner v. nov.—Receptacula pedunculis 2-8 mm. longis: bracteis basalibus 2—4 mm. longis: bracteis lateralibus paucis v. nullis. Thailand, Borneo. Thailand:—RFD 7585. Borneo:—Amdjah 790; Jaheri 138; Hallier 469, For. Dept. B.N.B. 1407, 1891, A1163, A2269; Ridley 12327; Winkler 3332 (S.E. Borneo, det. F. volkameriifolia Wall., typus herb. Leiden). var. suluensis Corner v. nov.—Receptacula brunneo-hispida, pilis -O.5 mm. longis: pedunculo 3—4 mm. longo, brunneo-hispida: bracteis basalibus 3-4 mm. longis: bracteis lateralibus nullis. Sulu Archipelago (Tawi-tawi; PNH 7471, typus herb. Manila; PNH 7051; Bur. Sci. 44016). 54 Vol. XVIII. (1960). Folia et ramuli glabri ut in v. lepicarpa, receptacula brunneo- hispida ut in F. carpenteriana Elmer. Species ambae verae in Tawi-tawi collectae, sed in his numeris ter commixtae? F, latimarginata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor parva —4 m. alta, ramis: paucis, foliis breviuscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneis rigidis patentibus 2-4 mm. longis dense hispidi, ad intercostas 1-2 mm. longis: nervuli pilis brevioribus sparsis: laminae pagina superior pilis albidis sparsim hispida, glabrescens. Ramuli 4—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae ~ 25-40 X 15-27 mm., ovato-lanceolatae, brunneo-strigosae,,. marginibus latis glabris, persistentibus. Lamina —30 12 cm., oblongo-elliptica v. elliptico-obovata, apice breviter acuminata —15 mm. longo, basi cuneato-subcordata, ciliato-denticulata, utrimque subscabrida, membranacea, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, subtus valde elevatis, glandulis. axillaribus praeditis, etiam saepe ad furcas marginem versus: intercostis numerosis, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, brevibus, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 15-25 x 3-4 mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria sessilia stipulis semitecta: bracteis basalibus 3, 5-14 x 4-5 mm., lanceolatis, appresse brunneo-pilosis: corpore receptaculi 20-23 mm. lato, subgloboso v. depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, pilis brunneis patentibus 1-2 mm. longis dense hispido, ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus numerosis occluso: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis ut lamina tenui in strato parietis interno. Flores feminei pedicellati: perianthio brevi tubulari stipitem ovarii rufo-brunnei amplectanti: stylo sparsim puberulo v. glabro. Semina 1.2 mm. longa, subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Celebes (Kjellberg 16494, Todjamboe, 1,000 m. alt., typus herb. Stockholm; Kjellberg 2280, Liasa). Species inquirenda. F. decipientis Reinw. affinis, sed lamina nec panduriformi nec dentato-lobata, receptaculis differt et ad F. cal- caratam Corner proximat. F. vrieseana Miq. comparanda. F. calcarata Corner sp. nov.—King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 107, pl. 139, ut F. pungens Reinw.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis brevipetiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, costae (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis rigidis patentibus v. curvatis 1-3 mm. longis dense hispidi: laminae pagina supe- rior pilis appressis albidis, secundum nervos hispida. Ramuli 3-5 mm. crassi. Stipulae -30 « 15 mm., ovato-lanceolatae, appresse brunneo-pilosae v. subglabrae, persistentes. Lamina 55 Gardens Bulletin, S. 14~30 x 6.5-18 cm., late elliptica v. obovata, apice breviter acuminata 12-20 mm. longo, basi brevicordata v. subcuneata, denticulata, membranacea, utrimque scabrida, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, marginem versus saepe fur- catis, intercostis 5—14 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-4, ad 1-1 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 10-30 x 2-4 mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria sessilia binata, stipulis plus minus obtecta, dense brunneo-setosa, subglabrescentia: bracteis basalibus 3, 4-11 x 3-6 mm., ovato-lanceolatis, appresse pilosis: corpore recepta- culi 15-22 mm. lato, subconico, bracteis lateralibus paucis sparsis parvis v. nullis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis nullis v. paucis minutis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori breviter pedi- cellati: perianthio ovarium fusco-rufum usque ad basim styli tegenti. Flores feminei sessiles v. pedicello rufo —1 mm. longo praediti: perianthio partem dimidiam v. tertiam ovarii rufo- brunnei tegenti v. breviori: stylo sparsim piloso. Semina 1 mm. longa, carinata, aspera, hilo prominenti. Halmaheira, Ternate, Morotai, in silvis primariis et secundariis frequens. F, pungente Reinw. confusa, floribus diversis: vero F. decipientis Reinw. affinis. Beccari s.n. (Ternate, Acqui Conora, R. Ist. Fir. 9310, det. F. subcuneata Miq.); Beguin 1161 (Ternate); Idjan 369 (Halma- heira); Kostermans 1401 (Morotai), 1677 (Morotai, typus herb. Leiden); Lam 3649 (Morotai); Pleyte 112 (Ternate), 286 (Halmaheira). ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Fulvidulae Corner F. gilapong Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 426.—F. hypogaea King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 100, pl. 125.— F.. gilapong is represented by unidentifiable fragments at Leiden and Utrecht, but there two sheets of sterile material of the type (Teysmann, Battang Baroes, ins. Gilapong) at Bogor. These show that it is identical with F. hypogeaa. King described this species from two collections, namely Forbes 2505 (Sumatra), which I take as the lectotype, and Beccari P.B. 2798 (Sarawak), which is F. uncinata Becc. A third collection is now known, namely Bangham 983 (Medan-Berastagi road, c. 1,300 m. alt., by the entrance to the sulphur-springs). 56 eS Ss ae? one er Vol. XVII. (1960). F. cereicarpa Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —9 m. alta, foliis longipe- tiolatis spiraliter dispositis, ramis paucis patulis. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis mollibus fulvidulis appressis v. patentibus 2-3 (—4) mm. longis villoso-tomentosi, lente glabrescentes. Ramuli 4-9 mm. crassi. Stipulae 17-50 mm. longae, appresse tomentosae, subpersistentes. Lamina 13-26 *« 6.5—-12.5 cm. (-40 « 20 cm., folia juvenilia), elliptica ovata v. obovata, apice - acuminata v. attenuato-acuminata —17 mm. longo, basi anguste cordata, ciliato-denticulata v. integra, membranacea laevis, sicco fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8—12, marginem versus saepe furcatis et glandula axillari ad furcam praeditis, inter- costis —12 (—23, foliis juvenilibus), subtus elevatis: costis basa- libus utrinsecus 2—4, brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 20-90 (—150) mm. longo, saepe glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula in cumulis ad basim trunci, ad ramulos efoliatos —30 & 5 cm., internodis haud elongatis, cauliflora, maturitate e brunneo rubescentia: pedunculo 5-10 mm. longo: bracteis _ basalibus 3, 5-12 mm. longis, late lanceolatis: corpore recep- taculi 20-50 mm. lato (-80 mm. vivo, bracteis exclusis), pyri- formibus, furfuraceis dein glabris, bracteis lateralibus late lanceolatis crassis, saepe subverticillatis, numerosis, ostiolum versus incurvatis, ostiolo depresso bracteis apicalibus ordinibus 4-5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis flexuosis copiosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus_instructi: stamen 1. Flores neutri in rec. fem. ordinibus 2-3 instructi. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio ovarium rufum obtectanti, dein fisso bilobato. Flores feminei 3-4 mm. longi, sessiles v. breviter rubro-pedicellati: perianthio brevi tubulari v. subcupulari, ad basim stipitis ovarii rubri v. basim ovarii amplectanti. Semina 1 mm. longa, vix carinata, asperula v. laevia, hilo parvo haud v. vix prominenti. Cystolitha hypo- gena. Borneo, in silvis ad 1,600 m. alt., praecipue secundum flumina rivulosque in locis scopulosis, trunco saepe horizontali. Species insignis, foliis ut in F. francisici Winkler et F. gilapong ‘Mig. sed receptaculis pluribracteatis ut in F. uncinata Becc. In Brunei plantas numerosas inspexi. Kinabalu:-——Clemens 26070, 29585, 32561, 34003; Sing. F.n. 26613. Brunei 5315 (Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge). Central Borneo:—-Amdjah (Exp. Nieuwenhuis) 402, S. Mend- Jjaloe. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Geocarpicae Corner _F. megaleia Corner sp. nov.—Frutex v. arbor parva —7 m. alta, caulibus subcaespitosis, ramis patulis apicibus pendulis. Folia 57 Gardens Bulletin, S. disticha, maxima, pendula. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis fulvis v. ferrugineis rigidis 1-1.5 mm. longis, v. 2-3 mm. longis, patentibus v. appressis villosi. Ramuli 4—7 mm. crassi. Stipulae 30-70 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 40— 100 x 14~-35 cm., elliptica v. oblonga, apice caudato-acuminata 25-40 mm. longo, basi late et inequaliter cordata, uno latere late auriculata et petiolum obtegens, denticulata, supra scabrida v. laevis, subcoriacea v. chartacea, sicco brunnea: costis latera- libus utrinsecus (7—) 9-12, plerumque glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis 10-20 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 4 + 6 (—7), brevibus: petiolo 10-25 x 4-6 mm., glandula subnodali _ praedito. Receptacula geocarpica ut in F. uncinata Becc. sed plus minus strigosa, glabrescentia: setis internis nullis. Flores feminei et cecidiophori perianthio nullo: stylo glabro. Semina 0.7 mm. longa, subcarinata asperula, haud v. vix rugosa, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Brunei, North and Central Borneo, —1,400 m. alt. Ob folia maxima, in herbario videtur forma juvenilis F. unci- natae Becc., sed plantas multas in Brunei imspexi, et certe distinguenda. Brunei 5301 (Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge); Clemens. 30621 (Kinabalu); Nieuwenhuis 1287 (Central Borneo); Sing. F.n. 26452 (Kinabalu). F. uncinata Becc. For. Born. (1902) 527.—F. geocarpa Teysm. var. uncinata (Becc.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 127, pl. 129.—This is a Bornean and Malayan species. distinct from F. geocarpa (Celebes). In Borneo it is extremely varibale and needs much field-study. Commonly it grows with other species of this subseries and much care is needed to trace the geocarpic fruiting stolons to the right stem: not a few collec- tions appear to me to have become mixed during or after collection. Small herbarium-specimens may not be strictly identifiable. var. uncinata.—Pili 0.5—1.5 mm. longi, brunnei, appressi v. plus minus patentes. Lamina 16-35 « 6-10 cm., ad apicem 30- 70 mm. longum attenuato-caudata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-7. Receptacula 15-25 mm. lata (bracteis pilisque exclusis),. glabra v. sparsim strigosa. Borneo. var. gracilis Corner v. nov.—Pili ut in v. uncinata. Lamina 9— 24 & 2.5—-5 cm., lanceolato-oblonga, ad apicem 20-35 mm. lon- gum attenuata; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6. Receptacula. 58 Vol. XVII. (1960). 12-15 mm. lata, strigoso-villosa, bracteis lateralibus gracilibus hispidis. Brunei (Brunei 5303, S. Belalong, typus herb. Cam- bridge; Corner s.n. Kuala Belait, 22.2. 59). var. parva Corner v. nov.—Pili 1—-1.5 mm. longi. patentes, albidae, ad nervulos appressi. Lamina 12-20 « 3-6 cm., lanceo- lato-obovata, apice abrupte caudato-acuminata 15—25 mm. longo: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11. Receptacula 15—20 mm. lata, glabra. Brunei (Andulau For. Reserve, Corner s.n. Feb. 1959, typus herb. Cambridge). var. pilosior Corner v. nov.—Pili 2—4 mm. longi, brunnei erecti. Lamina 20-45 xX 7-16 cm., elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata —25 mm. longo: costis lateralibus 10-13. Receptacula 20—25 mm. lato, sparsim strigosa glabrescentia. Borneo. Beccari 2798 (Sarawak, det. F. hypogaea); Clemens (Kina- balu) 10336, 20708, 26637, 28476, 29092, 29719, 32803, 33968, 34231, 34387, 50030; Hallier 2576 (Lianggagang); Sing. F.n. 26722, 27813 (Kinabalu); Teysmann 11314 (Landah); Brunei 5302 (S. Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge). var. strigosa Corner v. nov.—Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc. 11 (1933) 17, f. 5-7, ut F. geocarpa Teysm.—Pili 1—2.5 mm. longi, brunnei, erecti v. appressi. Lamina 10-36 x 4-15 cm., -oblongo-elliptica v. elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—24 mm. longo, basi uno latere late auriculata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9. Receptacula 12-25 mm. lata, dense strigosa, haud glabrescentia. Malaya, Lingga, Borneo. Lingga:—Teysmann 7083. Malaya (Johore usque ad Perak et ‘Trengganu ) :—Sing. F.n. 25946 (typus, herb. Singapore), 26040; Ridley 11036. Borneo:—Beccari 2901, 2797; W. M. A. Brooke 10249, 10522; Clemens 10489, 21911; Endert 2429, 3486; Nieuwenhuis 104, 292; Teysmann 7107. var. truncata Corner v. nov.—Pili 0.5—1 mm. longi, appressi brunnei. Lamina 16-27 Xx 5.5-—9 cm., oblongo-elliptica v. -obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—20 mm. longo, basi inaequa- lis et oblique truncata, uno latere cuneata altero subcordata v. ‘subauriculata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11. Brunei (Brunei 5329, Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge). F. beccarii King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 102, pl. 130. var. beccariii—Lamina 3-6 cm. lata, lanceolata, basi symme- itrica anguste cuneata. Pili —1 mm. longi. 59 Gardens Bulletin, S- var. aSymmetrica Corner v. nov:—Lamina 26-38 x 7.5—11 cm., oblongo-elliptica v. obovata, apice plus minus abrupte acuminata 25-45 mm. longo, v. attenuata, basi asymmetrica uno latere anguste cuneata altero latiuscule subcordata: costis latera- libus utrinsecus 7-9. Receptacula bracteis lateralibus 2-3 mm. longis parvis praedita. Semina 0.6—0.7 mm. longa. Sarawak (Corner s.n., Kuching, Bt. Kuap, Jan. 1959, typus herb. Cam- bridge). var. latifolia Corner v. nov.—Lamina 5—10 cm. lata, elliptica v. late lanceolata, basi symmetrica late cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-12. North Borneo (Brunei 5305; Brunei 5322, S. belalong, typus herb. Cambridge; For. Dept. BNB 1610). Plantas multas inspexi, a v. beccarii semper foliis latioribus diversas. F. geocharis Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, ramis patulis, foliis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, et receptacula pilis fulvidis rigidis patentibus 1.5—2.5 mm. longis hispidi: costae subtus pilis brevioribus sparsim hispidae, nervuli hispiduli: laminae pagina superior, praeter costas, glabra. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae 15-38 mm. longae, lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina 15-30 5—9 cm., elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, apice abrupte acuminata 20-60 mm. longo, basi subasymmetrica, uno latere anguste cuneata altero anguste auriculata (auricula 5—7 mm. longa et lata), subdenticulata v. integra, laevis, nitida, membranacea, sicco supra griseo-fusca, subtus brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8 (—10), intercostis —12, subtus leviter elevatis: _ costis basalibus 1 (—2) + 4, brevibus: petiolo 4-9 mm. longo, glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula geocarpica ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos stoloniformes —3 m. longos, 3—4 mm. crassos,. e basi trunci orientes, maturitate rubro-purpurea: pedunculo 1.5-4 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus haud distinctis: pedicello nullo: corpore receptaculi 16-20 mm. lato, dense fulvo-hispido glabrescenti, bracteis lateralibus numerosis lanceolatis —9 mm. longis, basim et ostiolum versus brevioribus confertis: setis in- ternis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores feminei et cecidiophori pedi- cello 0.5—3 mm. longo praediti: perianthio nullo v. in flor. cecid. ut linea vix elevata ad apicem stipitis ovarii fusco-rubri, rarius uno latere spathulato. Semina ut in F. uncinata Becc. Cysto- litha hypogena. Borneo. Inter F. beccarii King et F. uncinatam Becc., sed nec huic nec- illi referenda. 60 Vol. XVIIT. (1960). Clemens 21912 (Sarawak, Upper Rejang River, typus herb. Br. Mus.); Corner s.n. 2.2.59 (Sarawak, Kuching, Bt. Kuap); For. Dept. B.N.B. 2864 (Bettotan). F. subterranea Corner sp. nov.—Frutex v. arbor parva —5 m. alta, ramis patulis, foliis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, et costa (subtus) pilis albidis v. fulvidulis minutis 0.1—0.3 mm. longis appressis sparsim vestiti: laminae pagina superior glabra v. nervos secundum puberula. Ramuli 1—2 mm. crassi, graciles. Stipulae 15-30 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 11-26 x 3-8 cm., anguste elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—25 mm. longo, basi late v. anguste cuneata, symmetrica v. subasym- metrica, integra, membranacea, supra glabra v. subscabrida, sicco viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 11-15, majoribus apicem laminae versus glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis strictis 10-20 subtus haud elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus: petiolo 5-14 mm. longo, glandula subnodali parva praedito. Receptacula glabra subterranea ad ramulos graciles stoloniformes efoliatos, albida: pedunculo 1-3 mm. longo; bracteis basalibus haud distinctis: corpore receptaculi 14 mm. lato, bracteis lateralibus uncinatis 2-4 mm. longis numerosis: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei perian- thio nullo: ovario stipitato: stylo glabro. Semina 0.6 mm. longa, subcarinata, vix rugosa. Cystolitha hypogena. Brunei (S. Bela- long, Brunei 5306; Brunei 5327, typus herb. Cambridge). F. beccarii King affinis sed receptaculis glabris, intercostis con- fertis numerosis haud subtus elevatis, lamina supra scabrida differt. ser. Tuberculifasciculatae subser. Tuberculifasciculatae F. septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner v. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 22 (1941) 97, sub F. septica.—Receptacula cauliflora ad ramulos efoliatos -50 cm. longos, 3-5 mm. crassos, ad basim 10 mm. crassos, internodis —4 cm. longis, (stoloniformes ?), racemoso-glomerata: pedunculo 8-12 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2—2.5 mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 15—20 mm. lato (20-25 mm., vivo). Timor Laut, Admiralty Isl., Solomon Isl., Santa Cruz, New Hebrides, Queensland. Var. septica nunquam cauliflora. E. S. Brown 5482 (Solomon Isl., San Cristoval, Kira Kira, typus herb. Br. Mus.); Forbes 3364 (Timor Laut); Kajewski 579 (Santa Cruz Isl., Vanikoro); Mosely s.n. ( Admiralty Isl.) ; Mor- Tison s.n. (New Hebrides, Eromanga, Polenia Bay); S. T. Blake 15016, 15212, 15282 (Queensland, Cook District). 61 Gardens Bulletin, S- var. salicifolia Corner v. nov.—F. laxiramea Elmer, Leafl- Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1257.—F. brunnea Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 18 (1921) 56.—F. linearis Merr. id. 65.—Lamina 5-17.5 « 0.6— 5.5 cm., lanceolata v. lanceolato-elliptica: costis lateralibus utrin- secus 7-13. Receptacula pedunculata v. sessilia, 10-14 mm. lata.. Philippine Isl., Celebes. Ahern 3509 (? 3504), 6319; Bur. Sci. 1605 (syntype, F. brun- nea), 17433 (type, F. linearis), 20900, 24338 (syntype, F. brun- nea), 24477, 34717, 36575, 43811; Elmer 10786 (type, F. laxiramea); Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 522; PNH 1577, 6067, 7865, 9986 (typus, v. salicifolia herb. Manila), 10030, 13699, 13670; Sablaya 6; Univ. Philip. 4066, 4294; Vidal 3797; Kjellberg 1542. (Celebes, Rante Lemo). F. fistulosa Reinw. var. lucbanensis (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.— F. lucbanensis Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 254.—F. curranii Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 5S (1910) 343.—I can find no satis- factory specific difference from F. fistulosa yet, if the figs were ridged, v. lucbanensis could be referred to F. septica. It sug- gests a hybrid, yet it has not been found in Java or Sumatra where the two species also overlap. F. dimorpha King var. scabra Corner v. nov.—Lamina utrinque scabra. Mentawei Isl. Iboet 25 (Siberut Isl.), 449 (Sipora Isl., typus herb. Leiden) ; Sing. F.n. 10497 (Siberut, det. F. polysyce Ridley). F. tarennifolia Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis bre- vipetiolatis plerumque oppositis, aliquando laxe spiraliter dis- positis v. distichis. Glabra v. petioli, nodi, et costae (subtus) sparsim appresse albido-pilosi. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae —20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 7-21 2-8 cm., lanceolato- elliptica v. lanceolato-obovata, ad apicem acutum attenuata, haud v. vix acuminata, basi cuneata, serrulata v. denticulata, aliquando integra, membranacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis. lateralibus utrinsecus 5-11 (—12), curvatis, intercostis 1-3 (—5) laxis, subtus haud v. vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus: petiolo 6-20 (—25) mm. longo, glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula cauliflora ad ramulos efoliatos e basi trunci, ut ramulos stoloniformes evolventes dein geocarpica, binata, maturitate e brunneo rubescentia: pedunculo 5—12 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1-2 mm. longis: pedicello 0-4 mm.: cor- pore receptaculi 12-15 « 10-13 mm. (18-20 17-19 mm., vivo), pyriformi v. subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo 62 Vol. XVII. (1960). plano bracteis apicalibus parvis numerosis occluso: setis internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis nullis v. in rec. cecid. paucis. Flores masculi ordinibus 1—2 instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: ovarium fusco-rubrum perianthio obtectum. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perian- thio brevissimo ut collare circum stipitem ovarii rufo-brunnei: stylo glabro v. sparsim piloso. Semina 1 mm. longa, subcarinata, subtuberculata, hilo parvo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. North Borneo (Kinabalu), in silvis montanis 1,000—2,500 m. alt. F, fistulosae Reinw. varietatibus lanceifoliis similis sed recep- tacula geocarpica rubescentia. Forsan F. arfakensis King affinior. Clemens 28290, 29415, 30182, 30511, 30745, 30870, 32149, 32468, 33113, 33709, 33831, 34086, 34094, 34457, 40048, 40182; Sing. F.n. 26882, 27510 (typus, herb. Singapore); Kepong F.n. 80534. F. ixoroides Corner sp. nov.—Frutex multo-ramosus, ramulis. ascendentibus, foliis brevipetiolatis decussatis v. spiraliter dis- positis. Glabra v. ramuli juvenes villosuli. Ramuli 2 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae —20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 6-13 xX 1.2-2 cm., lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceolata, attenuato-acu- minata, basi anguste cuneata, integra, laevis, subcoriacea, sicco griseo-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, angulo lato exeuntibus, subtus leviter elevatis, intercostis nullis: costis basa- libus utrinsecus 1, brevibus: petiolo 5-15 mm. longo, glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula axillaria solitaria: pedunculo 2—4 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1 mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 9-11 mm. lato, subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 5 parvis occluso: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo circum stipitem ovarii rufo- brunnei tubulari: stylo glabro. Semina subtuberculata, hilo pro- minenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, North Borneo, riparia. Forsan species alicujus forma salicifolia riparia reducta, ut F. fistulosa Reinw. v. F. tarennifolia Corner. Beccari P.B. 2781 (R. Ist. Fir. 9239, Sarawak, Ramo Sud, typus herb. Florence); Amdjah 226 (B.N.B., Loembis). F. pleyteana Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis lanceolatis brevipetiolatis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneolis appressis —1 mm. longis vestiti, nervuli pilis breviori- bus pallidis: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis pallidis 63 Gardens Bulletin, S. sparsa. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi. Stipulae 10-20 mm. longae, lanceolatae, appresse pilosae, persistentes. Lamina 5-14 1.2 cm., lanceolata, apice subacuminata v. attenuata 10-20 mm. longo, basi cuneata et leviter inequalis, integra v. minute sub- denticulata, laevis, membranacea, sicco brunnea: costis laterali- bus utrinsecus 7—9, obliquis, intercostis 1-5 laxis, subtus vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis basali- bus nullis: petiolo 3—S mm. longo, glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria solitaria et plerumque geocarpica ad ramulos stoloniformes efoliatos —90 cm. longos, ad basim 4—7 _ IM. crassos, internodis 20-35 mm. longis, apicibus stipulatos, e basi trunci orientes, pilis brunneolis appressis vestita: pedun- culo 2-4 x 1.5 mm.: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-4 mm. longis, lanceolatis, acutis: corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. lato, sub- globoso, quinquecostato, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis nullis v. paucis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo: ovario sessili v. stipitato fusco-rubro: stylo sparsim piloso. Semina subtuberculata, carinata, hilo vix prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Halmaheira (Pleyte 378, G. Sembilan, 600 m. alt., typus herb. Leiden). F. ternatanae Mig. affinis et forsan varietas sed foliis angustiori- bus, stipulis haud caducis, bracteis basalibus longioribus. 64 Index to CORNER: Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia, V & VI (a) New taxa and binomials in bold print. (b) Taxonomic synonyms in italics. Covelia cuneata Mig. 44 | Irritantes Corner (Subseries) 4, 10 C. guttata Wight 7 Ficus 1, 36 Kalosyce (Mig.) Corner (Section) 21 GENERIC SUBDIVISIONS Adenosperma Corner (Section) 26 Amphigenae Corner (Series) 26 Apiocarpeae Corner (Series) 22, 23° Araneosae Corner (Subseries) 4 Auriculisperma Corner (Subsection > Auriculatae Corner (Series) 33 Axillares Corner (Subseries) 40, 54 Balanotae Corner (Subseries) 4, 9 Calopilinae Corner (Subseries) 40, 47 ; Congestae Corner (Subseries) 40, 51 Cynaroides Corner (Series) 38, 41 Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner (Sub- section) 38, 42 Distichae Corner (Series) 5, 18 Distichoideae Corner (Series) 5, 17 Excavatae Corner (Subseries) 4, 16 Ficus (Subgenus) 1, 21, 36 Fuloidulae Corner (Subseries) 41, 56 Geocarpicae Corner (Subseries) 41, 7 ~ Hispidae Corner (Subseries) 40, 53 Hypogenae Corner (Series) 29 65 Laciniatae Corner (Subseries) 33, 34 Lepidotae Corner (Series) 39 Longituberculatae Sata (Series) 40, 4] Macrostyla Corner (Subsection) 39, 43 Neomorphe King (Section) 32 Pantonianae Corner (Subseries) 4, 8 Plagiostigmaticae Corner (Series) 3, ‘Plagiostigmaticae (Subseries) 3, 5 Pogonotropheae (Mig.) Corner (Sub- series) 4, 7 Pomiferae Corner (Series) 39 Pomiferae (Subsection) 39, 43 Praestantes Corner (Subseries) 40, 5 Punctatae Corner (Series) 22, 23 Punctatae (Subseries) 22, 23 Ramentaceae Corner (Series) 4, 8 Ramentaceae (Subseries) 4, 11 Rhizocladus Endl. (Section) 3 Ruginerviae Corner (Subseries) 22 Sinosycidium Corner (Section) 24 Sycocarpus Migq. (Section) 36, 37 Sycocarpus (Subsection) 39,44 ‘Theophrastoides Corner (Series) 38 Trichocarpeae Corner (Series) 5, 19 Tuberculifasciculatae Sata (Series) ? Tuberculifasciculatae (Subseries) 41 Variegatae Corner (Series) 33, 34 Variegatae (Subseries) 33 Vitienses Corner (Series) 38 SPECIFIC DIVISIONS Ficus adenosperma Miq., var. adenosperma f. angustifolia Corner 28 chaetophora (Warb.) Corner 28 glabra Corner 28 microlepis Corner 28 adhaerens Miq. 12 agapetoides Diels var. solomonensis Corner 18 amblisyce Corner 8 -apiocarpa Miq. 22 var. villosa Corner 23 appendiculata Merr. 51 araneosa King 4 arisanensis Hayata 6 aurantiacea Griff. 22, 23 var. angustifolia Corner 23 parvifolia Corner 23 auriculata Lour. 33 _austrina Corner 29 awkeotsang Makino 6 baccaureoides Corner 47 ‘baeuerleni King var. vulcaniformis Corner 11 balanota Diels 4 ‘beccarii King 59 var. asymmitrica Corner 60 beccarii 59 latifolia Corner 60 binnangensis Merr. 51 66 Gardens Bulletin, S. botryocarpa Miq. var. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner 44 subalbidoramea (Elmer) Cor- ner 44 f. scabrida Corner 44 botryoides Lévl. & Vant. 6 brachiata King 50 brunnea Merr. 62 cabur B. Hamm. 6 calcarata Corner 55 callicarpa Miq. var. angustifolia Corner 23 parvifolia Corner 23 callicarpides Corner 17 calodictya Summerh. var. gamophylla Corner 18 calopilina Diels 40 casearioides King. 29 var. gamosepala Corner 29 caulothyrsa Laut. & K. Schum. 52 ~ ceanothifolia Corner 9 cereicarpa Corner 41, 57 : cervina Elmer 44 | chaetophora Warb. 28 chalmersii King 52 chamaecarpa Ridley 50 cinnabarina S. Moore 10 cinnamomea Corner 21 compressicaulis Bl. 11 congesta Roxb. 40, 51 var. chalmersii (King) Corner 52 menadena (Miq.) Corner 52 cuneata Miq. 44 curranii Merr. 62 cynaroides Corner 38, 41 dammaropsis Diels 39 var. obtusa Corner 42 decipiens Reinw. 40 depressa Benth 28 detonsa Corner 18 devestiens Corner 9 dimorpha King var. scabra Corner 62 disticha Bl. 5 distichoidea Diels 5 var. megacarpa Corner 17 duclouxii Lévl. & Vant. 6 Vol. XVII. (1960). erythrosperma Miq. 31 excavata Wall. 4 fasciculata F. v. M. 51 var. opposita Benth. 51 filiformis Bl. 19 fistulosa Reinw. var. mains Sa (Elmer) Corner formosa Summerh. 29 - foveolata Wall. 6 var. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo 6 henryi King 6 impressa (Champ.) King 6 maliformis King 6 a teecge (Fr. & Sav.) King oleaeformis King 6 thunbergii (Maxim.) King @ fruticosa Roxb. 18 funiculosa Corner 30 garcieae Elmer 33 gazellae Engl. 26 geocarpa Miq. 41 geocharis Corner 60 gilapong Mig. 56 griffithii Mig. 39 guttata King 8 hederacea Roxb. 18 heterostyla Merr. 53 hispida Linn. f. 39, 40 var. badiostrigosa Corner 53 rubra Corner 54 hylobia Diels 29 hypophaeola Corner 21 ilangoides Elmer 33 impressa Champ. 6 ixoroides Corner 63 kwangtungensis Merr. 6 lachnocarpa Warb. 31 laevis Bl. 4 var. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner 7 lanata BI. var. foveolata Corner 16 67 lancibracteata Corner 42 latimarginata Corner 55 laxiramea Elmer 62 lepicarpa BI. var. brevibracteata Corner 54 pedunculata Corner 54 suluensis Corner 54 leptocarpa Steud. var. adhaerens Miq. 12 oligosperma Mig. 12 linearifolia Elmer 44 linearis Merr. 62 longibracteata Corner 46 var. lebetoides Corner 47 lucbanensis Elmer 62 luducca Roxb. 7 macrocarpa Wight 7 macrostyla Corner 39, 43 megaleia Corner 57 ‘meiocarpa Diels 18 menadena Miq. 52 mindorensis Merr. 44 mollior F. v. M. 26 var. pseudocovellia Corner 27 sessilis Corner 27 f. riparia Corner 27 nasuta Summerh. var. glabrata Corner 19 nipponica Fr. & Sar. 7 obtusa Hassk. 19 var. gedehensis Koord. & Val. 19 genuina Koord. & Val. 19 piperifolia (Miq.) Koord. & Val. 19 odoardi King 4 var. glabrata Corner 10 oligodon Mig. 39, 43 oligosperma Miq. 12 oxymitroides Corner 10 oxyphylla Miq. 7 pachyrrhachis Laut. & K. Schum. 47 var. porrecta Corner 47 pantoniana King 4 var. colobocarpa Diels 8 rhytidophloea Corner 8 papuana Corner 49 parvibracteata Corner 45 pendens Corner 15 var. appressa Corner 16 pendens 16 phaeobullata Corner 20 phatnophylla Diels var. glochidioides Corner 17 meiocarpa (Diels) Merr. 18 piperifolia Mig. 19 var. borneensis Miq. 19 pleyteana Corner 63 pomifera Wall. 43 praestans Corner 40, 45 profusa Corner 48 pumila Linn. 3, 4 pubigera Wall. var. amserina Corner 5 awkeotsang (Makino) Cor- ner 6 maliformis (King) Corner 6 pycnoneura Laut. & K. Schum. 31 ramentacea Roxb. 11 recurva Bl. var. bridelioides Corner 14 elegantior Corner 14 lasiocarpa Corner 14 pedicellata Corner 15 repandifolia Elmer 40, 41 rhopalosycia Diels 24 ribes Reinw. 40 var. cuneata (Mig.) Corner 44 f. stenophylla Corner 44 serraria (Miq.) Corner 44 robusta Corner 34 rubrocarpa Elmer 12 ruginervia Corner 22, 24 saccata Corner 26 sagittata Vahl. 11 var. adhaerens (Mig.) Corner 12 minor Corner 12 a ane (Mig.) Corner 68 Gardens Bulletin, S. sarmentosa B. Ham. 6 var. duclouxii (Lévl. Corner 6 henryi (King) Corner 6 impressa (Champ.) Corner 6 lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner 6 luducca (Roxb.) Corner 7 f. sessilis Corner 7 nipponica (Fr. & Sar.) Cor- mer / thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner 7 < Vant.) satterthwaitei Elmer 51 scandens Roxb. 18 schwarzii Koord. 52 scratchleyana King 23 var. aurantiola Corner 23 a Or (Diels) Corner semilanata Corner 20 semivestita Corner 34 septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner 61 salicifolia Corner 62 serraria Mig. 44 setistyla Warb. 51 sordidissima Elmer 44 sphaerocarpa Corner 11 spiralis Corner 13 squamosa Roxb. 43 subalbidoramea Elmer 44 subcuneata Miq. 29 sublimata Corner 50 subterranea Corner 61 supperforata Corner 16 steochotricha Diels 29 sycomoroides Miq. 33 tarenuifolia Corner 62 tayabensis Elmer 12 tenella Corner 30 theophrastoides Seem 38 thunbergii Maxim 7 trichocarpa Bl. 5, 19 var. borneensis Corner 19 obtusa (Hassk.) Corner 19 piperifolia (Miq.) Corner 19 ——— ee Vol. XVIII. (1960). trichocerasa Diels var. glabristipula Corner 31 trichoneura Diels 29 var. lachnocarpa Diels 30 trichostyla Warb. 51 tsiangii Merr. 24, 25 tunicata Corner 51 turbinata Ridley 28 uncinata Becc. 58 var. gracilis Corner 58 parva Corner 59 pilosior Corner 59 strigosa Corner 59 truncata Corner 59 uncinata 58 uncinulata Corner 15 vagrans Roxb. var. macrocarpa Miq. 7 variegata BI. 33 var. garciae (Elmer) Corner 33 ilangoides (Elmer) Corner 33 69 sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner 33 verticillaris Corner 27 var. robusta Corner 28 villosa Bl. 4 var. appressa Corner 12 subglobosa Corner 13 tonsa Corner 13 vitiensis Seem 38 vrieseana Miq. var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Cor- ner 50 f. obliqua Corner 50 vrieseana : ae ee Corner xanthoxyla Summerh. 31 Pogonotrophe borneensis Miq. 19 2B: foveolata Wall. 6 macrocarpa Miq. 7 piperifolia Miq. 19 od ) eabiiatie Tiaeedess . ly e = “ ‘ ' ey . — ae a ss A, ek ee ape 2 ; mm ie = ¥ a oa = i os | an = 2 Ce a j y ol EE ; amt}. ae yee — é > 7) moe od oe ee aval ve - ‘4 = he * “at ? “Wis + is c P | \) [Pam < = ber aes 6% a 7, ay - i - w heen : Pane } «| > ‘M Pig “ne? an ra rite es a . ; - 4 3 ne] 7 4 os : “ 4 As a ee *_- « ts a oe: i a ; Me, OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS 1. SINGAPORE Annual Report 1875* Reports for many years 1886 onward remain available. Price variable. The Agricultural Bulletin of the Malay Peninsula (Series I). Nos. 1—9, 1891—1900. Only Nos. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 available at 20 cents each. The Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and F.MLS. (Series II). Vols. 1-10, 1901—1912, monthly issues. All available except Vol. 1, pts. 6 and 11. At 50 cents each or $5 per volume. The Gardens’ Bulletin, Straits Settlements (Series III). Vol. 1-11 (3) January 1912—August 1941. Vol. 1 (1-5) January-May 1912 is issued under title of Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and F.M.S. 7 All parts available, except vol. 2 (2, 3, ot) and 6 — (reprinting in press). Prices variable according to size. The Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore (Series IV). Vol. 11 (4) September 1947*. All parts available. Prices variable. Issues are irregular and volumes are not related to calendar time. Subscrip- _ tion will be entered against deposit. Available on exchange. Malayan Garden Plants: a series of eleven booklets each — illustrating 10 useful garden plants, Price 50 cents each. An illustrated guide to the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Price $1. Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Monocotyle- ’ dons. - Vols. I, II, ITT remain available. A Revised Flora of Malaya. (a) Vol. 1. Orchids, by R. E. Holttum. Pauw $20. (b) Vol. 2. Ferns, by R. E. Holttum. Price $20. ‘ . (a) Malayan Orchid Hybrids by M. R. Henderson and G. H. — Addison. Price $21. a (b) Malayan Orchid Hybrids, Supplement I by G. H. Addison — (In press). . Wayside Trees of Malaya by E. J. H. Corner, 2 vols. a Price $25. 4 Items 1-8 can be obtained from the Botanic Gardens, — Singapore. Items 6 and 9-11 can be obtained from the Government — Printer, Singapore. x Prices are quoted in Malayan Dollars. Postage overseas is extra. | \ § § § 5 § \ § \ § § . 5 ‘ § 5 § § 5 § § ( : \ § \ § § § 5 § § 5 § 5 5 5 N \ \ \ . GARDENS BULLETIN i= ae Te. SINGAPORE Vol. XVIII, Part II 29th April, 1961 CONTENTS Ee woe es PAGE ‘ACOBS, M.: The Generic Identity of Melia excelsa Jack - - 71 OHNSON, ANNE: The Genus Ceratopteris in Malaya - > 76 | 4 \ To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore . } Price $1.50 (Malayan) Published by Authority 4 ty —- PRINTED BY Lee Kim HENG, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORE. 1961 © The generic identity for Melia excelsa Jack By M. JAcoBs Foundation Flora Malesiana, Leyden FROM THE FIRST, botanists have not felt quite satisfied with the taxonomic position of Melia excelsa Jack. De Jussieu excluded Melia excelsa (without mentioning an author’s name) from Melia, referring it to Hartighsea (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 220. 1830). Under this genus it became confused with Dysoxylum excel- sum Bl.; this species was placed in Hartighsea by De Jussieu, but was later referred again to Dysoxylum. Miquel placed it, with doubt, in Dysoxylum (Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4: 21. 1868). Hiern, in Hooker’s Flora of British India, had it still under Melia, with its relative M. azadirachta, but King expressed his doubts soon after (J. As. Soc. Beng. 64, ii: 20. 1895) and his view was shared by Corner (1939) and by Merrill (1952). When F. H. Hildebrand, in the course of his identification work in the Rijksherbarium at Leyden, came across this problem, he suggested that Melia excelsa might belong to Azadirachta; Melia and Azadirachta are allied and together form in the Meliaceae- Melioideae the tribe of the Melieae. The genus Azadirachta was established by De Jussieu in 1830, with Melia azadirachta L. as the only species, which he named Azadirachta indica Juss. A second species, A. integrifoliola, was described by Merrill in 1909 from the Philippines. Harms, in the second edition of the Pflanzenfamilien, gave a good description of both genera, with many details. A few additional remarks on cer- tain features may be made here. A character particular to Azadirachta, which was known to Endert and other foresters, but, as far as I know, not yet men- tioned in literature, are the glands on the petiole base. In Azadi- rachta there are two pairs of glands. They are not always all or fully developed, but if they are, there is one pair of orbicular glands, and, below, another pair of linear glands (fig. a). The glands are rather deeply sunk, and in the herbarium it is sometimes difficult to see them all; they are probably more conspicuous in fs iy Gardens Bulletin, S. coined: =< a. ee ee ea =.) Fig. a, Glands at the petiole base of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. b, The same of Melia azedarach L., both x 3 (a from Cuadra A 904, b from bb 15142). living material. It is often discernable that they exude a blackish resinous sap. In Melia the glands are mostly lacking and obscure; if they are present, then there is only one pair, orbicular in shape (fig. b). Another distinguishing character is the appearance of the style. In Melia it is twice as thick as in Azadirachta, approximately 4 against + mm. In both genera the stigma forms a sort of crown. In Melia this is as wide as the style and is 4—6-lobed (fig. e). In Azadirachta it is about twice as wide as the style and 3-lobed, and the base of the crown is formed by a whitish-coloured ring (fig. c-d). In Melia the innovations are densely covered with stellate hairs; in Azadirachta they are glabrous but the youngest parts are covered with a sort of resinous wax-like substance, which later breaks up into small scale-like flakes, persistent for some time, especially to- wards the base of the petiole. There might be another difference between the genera, since most Melias are deciduous, whereas the Azadirachta species are known to be evergreen, even in the driest regions. Here follows a summary of the most striking characters to dis- tinguish the genera from one another. Leaves 2—3 times pinnate. Innovations stellate-hairy. Base of the petiole occasionally with one pair of sunken orbicular 72 Vol. XVII. (1961). Fig. c, Stigma of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. d, The same of A. indica Juss. e, The same of Melia azedarach L., all « 30 (c from Agama 9970, d from Demandt 619, e from De Vriese & Teijsmann Sn.) glands. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves. Ovary 4—8- locular, in each locule 2 ovules, serially. Style thick, stigma 4—6-lobed. Drupe with thick bony endocarp, 3-8 locules, ine Aan Many Pere. = nn. Gaus. kaa S2R4 . GAR. Melia Leaves simply pinnate. Innovations glabrous. Base of the petiole mostly with 1 pair of orbicular glands and 1 pair of elongate glands below these. Inflorescence about as long as the leaves. Ovary 3-locular, in each locule 2 ovules, collate- rally. Style slender, stigma on’a whitish ring, 3-lobed. Drupe with thin endocarp, | locule and 1 seed .... Azadirachta Melia excelsa Jack, originally described from Penang, Malaya, has been very inadequately known for a long time, until Corner revisited the place and located the big old trees from which, to all probability, Jack had obtained his type material. Verification with Jack’s type specimen, distributed by Wallich under number 1253 b (not B) was done at Kew by Airy Shaw, as Merrill reported (1952). Corner’s excellent description agrees perfectly with the material in the Rijksherbarium under the name Melia excelsa, from Borneo, Sumatra, etc., and from the Philippines under the name Azadi- rachta integrifoliola. Merrill, the author of this species, reduced it himself in 1952 to Melia excelsa. From Corner’s description and from our material, the conclu- sion must be drawn that Melia excelsa Jack actually belongs to Azadirachta. Since A. integrifoliola has been reduced to A. excelsa, this is again the second species in this genus. 73 Gardens Bulletin, S. Key to the Species Leaflets dentate; base of their basiscopical half very strongly re- duced and cuneate. Petiole slender and hardly thickened at the base. Stigma lobes + 4 connate. Fruit + 15 by 7 mm., be Pemcarp ue cee... dls 1. A. indica Leaflets entire; base of their basiscopical half somewhat reduced, acutish to rounded. Petiole vigorous, thickened at the base. Stigma lobes + 2 connate. Fruit + 21 by 18 mm., pericarp giiached to (Gesendacare. ...|........ 0m 2. A. excelsa Adelbert identified Azadirachta with the older genus Antelaea Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 277, t. 58 f. 2. 1788. This cannot be correct as the fruit of Antelaea is described and depicted by Gaertner with 3 locules and 3 seeds, and there seems no reason whatever to re- ject the ingenious interpretation by Hallier f., who referred Ante- laea to Melia composita Willd. (Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 15: 33. 1918). According to Hiern (in Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 545. 1875) the correct name for M. composita Willd. (1799) is M. dubia Cav. (1789). Gaertner’s fruit could not be found in the Rijksher- barium carpologica. AZADIRACHTA Azadirachta A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 220. 1830; C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 459. 1878; Harms in E. & P., Pfi. Fam. ili, 4: 288. 1897; ed. 2, 19b1: 102. 1940.—Antelaea (non Gaertn.) Adelb., Blumea 6: 315. June 1948; in Backer, Bekn. Fl. Java (em. ed.) 7A: fam. 148 p. 10. Sept. 1948. 1. Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 22056, 2 4.5. /1830; C. DG., Le. ...6,f...10;4auee e f. 160 M-S. 1897; Lc. f. 26 M-S. 1940.—Melia azadirachta L., Sp. Pl. 385. 1753.—Melia indica (A. Juss.) Brandis, For. Fil. NW. & C. India 67. 1874.—Antelaea azadirachta (L.) Adelb., l.c. Distribution.—Native in Upper Burma (Brandis, Ind. Trees 139. 1906); cultivated throughout India, NW. to the River Sutlej, Cey- lon, Indo-Chinese peninsula (not in Malaya), E. Java (incl. also Madura I.) to Sumbawa. Uses.—This important tree is held sacred by Hindus; the fine wood is appreciated for the making of idols, for furniture and construction. The sap is drunk as a medicinal beverage. The oil extracted from the fruits is used medicinally, for dyeing, and for 74 Vol. XVIII. (1961). lighting purposes. The gum comes not far behind Gum Arabic in value. Bark and leaves are also applied in medicine. Specimens (only numbered ones, and in the Rijksherbarium).-—- India: d’Alleizette 1172; ed. Hohenacker 765; Perrottet 90; Wight 407. Burma: Kurz 2041. Siam: Kerr 542; Zimmermann 100. Indo-China: Pierre 872. Java: Backer 52 and 36337; Blume 94; Boschbouwproefstation Ja-series 2255; Demandt 619; Hochreuti- ner Pl. Bogor. Exsicc. 140 and 141; Koorders 4700, 14570, 14836, 14837, 14838, and 14912; Van der Meer & Den Hoed 2053; Pl. Junghuhnianae ined. 223. Bali: Boschbouwproefstation bb-series 13267. Lombok: Elbert 684. Sumbawa: Zollinger 3378. 2. Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs, comb. nov.—Melia excelsa Jack, Mal. Misc. 1, 1: 12. 1820; Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10: 263, f. 1—2, 1939; Merr. J. Arn. Arb. 33; 235. 1952.—A. integrifoliola Merr., Philip. J. Sc. 4: Bot. 272. 1909. Distribution.—Sumatra, Mplayay Borneo, Philippines, Aru Is- lands, New Guinea. Uses.—In Malaya as well as in Borneo the timber is valued for house-building; in Malaya the young shoots are eaten as a vegetable. Specimens (only numbered ones, and in the Rijksherbarium).— Sumatra: Boschbouwproefstation bb-series, 23552, 23666, and 31664. Borneo: Agama 9227 and BNB 9970; Angian BNB 10489; Arumpod A 1715; Asah Anak Unyong BRUN 3123; Ashton BRUN 889; bb-series 23990, 23991, 24175, 26069, 26631, 26632, 27752, 29263, and 29414; Cenabre FB 29195 (in A; distributed under Ailanthus philippinensis Merr., a Simaru- bacea); Cuadra A 904; Harvey A 148. Palawan: Elmer 12638. Aru Is: bb 25388. New Guinea: Koster BW 4471; Mangold BW 2198; Schram BW 1787; Versteegh BW 701 and BW 3986. 75 The Genus Ceratopteris In Malaya By ANNE JOHNSON Department of Botany, University of Malaya, Singapore DEVOL (1957) HAS REPORTED confusion between the two species Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brong. and Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieronymus in the identification of Asian material. Pre- viously it was believed that Ceratopteris pteridoides occurred only in America, where it is found from 30°N to 27°S in wet tropical and sub-tropical habitats. DeVol found that plants previously col- lected from Central China, Tonkin, Annam, Cochin China and Cambodia are in fact Ceratopteris pteridoides. Benedict (1909) used annulus characters to distinguish species of Ceratopteris. Other authors have assumed that Ceratopteris pte- ridoides could be separated from Ceratopteris thalictroides by its very poorly developed annulus consisting of a few cells only, with- out a stomium. While this is true for American plants, DeVol found that plants of both species collected from Eastern Asia all had a well-developed annulus. Therefore it seems that this cha- racter is unreliable, and Ceratopteris pteridoides is better distin- guished by (i) habit of growth with floating, not emergent sterile leaves, (ii) sterile leaves deltoid, simple, not repeatedly pinnate, and (iii) stipe widest at base of lamina and tapering downwards. Unfortunately these features can be only used for Malayan her- barium material in those specimens which have sterile leaves, or in which the whole stipe is in a good state of preservation. Fern col- lectors, aware of the importance of sporangial characters in other groups, have tended to collect fertile material only. Other features were sought to distinguish the wealth of isolated fertile leaves. By comparison of plants* which definitely fell into the Ceratopteris pteridoides group sensu DeVol by virtue of their sterile leaf-type with those which fell into the Ceratopteris thalictroides group, two distinguishing features were found which can be applied to fertile leaves or plants which have been collected in isolation. *In addition to Malaysian material some South American plants were examined for purposes of comparison. 76 Vol. XVII. (1961). Key to Malayan species of Ceratopteris 1. Sterile leaves deltoid, usually simple with broad basal lobes. ‘ Stipe broader above than below. Transitional leaves deeply pinnatifid. Fertile leaves very finely dissected, ultimate seg- ments webbed at their base, margin revolute only part-way RE CRs Sy eee eee re eee te C. pteridoides. 1. Sterile leaves pinnately divided. Stipe long and slender, usually broader below. Fertile leaves very finely dissected, ultimate lobes very slender and not webbed at their base, margin revolute whole way to vein, all the lower surface being apne. “SES dD ed eek C. thalictroides. Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. 34: 561. 1905. Sterile fronds simple, often divided into two or three lobes. Stipe 1.5-5.5 cm. long, broadened above. Lamina broadly deltoid, 2.0-3.0 by 2.5—4.0 cm. Transitional fronds pinnatifid, with about five pinnae. Pinnae subdivided into broad ultimate lobes, 0.2—0.6 by 1—O-—2.0 cm. Ultimate lobes usually webbed at base. Fertile fronds three to four times subdivided. Adventitious buds often present. Stipe very long, 9.0—25 cm. Seven to ten pinnae. Lamina oblong to long deltoid, about 15.0 by 18.0 cm. Ultimate lobes wide, about 1.6 by 0.4 cm. distinctly webbed at the base. Margin revolute only part way to vein, leaving a central uncovered portion. Sporangia in one row. Annulus distinct, many celled. Spores 32, hyaline coat with distinctive ridged pattern. Penang: Prai, a weed of rice-land (Md. Nur Nos. 6230 and 6240). Singapore: Seletar (Ridley); Ang Mo Kio (Ridley). Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brogn., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1821: 186. Sterile fronds pinnatifid two to three times divided. Stipes 4.0— 10.0 cm. long, commonly broadest at the base, ultimate segments, blunt, oblong or trapezoid to triangular about 0.6 by 0.4 cm. Frond oblong. Transitional fronds variously divided, stipe about 13 cm., usually broader at the base than above, at least part of the margin revolute but sporangia very few or absent. Pinnae usually about eight. Fertile fronds variously divided, stipe about 14 cm. long, often broader at base. Ultimate segments very numerous, 77 Gardens Bulletin, S. often flagelliform to about 4 cm. long and 0.2 cm. broad. Margin revolute, covering 1-2 rows of large yellow sporangia. No web- bing at base of ultimate lobes. Whole of lower surface covered by revolute margin. Annulus distinct, many-celled. Spores 32 or 16 with distinctive ridged pattern. Kedah: Langkawi (C. Curtis). Kelantan: Gong Kedah (Symington 37948), Kamposa (Ridley). Trengganu: Bukit Toh Beng (Md. Haniff 15337). Province Wellesley: Tanjong Bunga (C. Curtis). Perak: Sungei Krian Estate (Spare 1783), Thaipeng (Wray 689); no. loc. (Scortechini), Grik (Burkill & Md. Haniff 12550), Bota Kiri, near Ipoh (Md. Shah 255), Parit Bun- tar, Krian (A.O., Krian). Selangor: Bukit Bintang (Goodenough). Malacca: Gambega Batu (Hervey). Pahang: Telok Sisek, Kuantan (Henderson 22756), Kuala Brawas (Ridley 1509). Singapore: Changi (Ridley 4227). Results on examination of Herbarium material On examination of the twenty-one sheets of Ceratopteris from Malaya available in the Singapore Herbarium, it was found that only four of these were clearly Ceratopteris pteridoides. These plants had been collected in Penang and Singapore. They all showed sporangia with a many-celled annulus, but the stomium was not always very distinct. There were always 32 spores in the sporangia. The other sheets mentioned above proved to be Ceratopteris thalictroides. The sporangia, in all cases, had a distinct many- celled annulus, the stomium was often distinct, but the number of spores was either 32 or 16. Specimens with only 16 spores came from Langkawi, Tanjong Bunga, Ipoh, Krian and Malacca. All other specimens had sporangia with 32 spores only. As Benedict (1909) has remarked, an accurate count of the number of spores is rendered difficult by the fragile nature of the sporangial wall. In all cases counts were made on previously unruptured sporangia, by transferring them first to a slide and rupturing under a cover glass. In some cases all the sporangia of a given frond were found to be dehisced and a count was not possible. Records of 16 spores 78 Vol. XVIII. (1961). in Ceratopteris are by no means unusual, in fact this number was recorded in Engler and Prantl’s Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. However Benedict believes that this number is only found in the species he designates C. deltoidea Benedict, which falls in the C. pteridoides group sensu DeVol. However the Malayan specimens did not correspond to his species but were Ceratopteris thalictroi- des, their sterile leaves being oblong, not deltoid. Examination of stipes DeVol indicates that the kind of stipe is an useful feature in dis- tinguishing C. pteridoides and C. thalictroides. In the former the stipe was broader above and tapering below, while in C. thalic- troides the reverse was the case or the stipe was long and slender not tapering above. Examination of Malayan material indicated that while this feature was reliable for sterile and most transitional fronds it was not usable for fertile fronds. Measurements of the width of the stipe in sterile, transitional and fertile fronds were made at the base of the fronds and just below the point of emer- gence of the lowest part of the lamina. Ratios of :— width of stipe beiow —_—___—___._________- were calculated. width of stipe above In the sterile fronds of C. pteridoides. this ratio was always less than 1.0, varying from 0.45 to 0.90; while in C. thalictroides it varied from 1.66 to 2.50; that is the base of the stipe was ap- proximately twice the width of the top of the stipe. In the transi- tional fronds of Ceratopteris pteridoides the ratio varied from 0.55 to unity, while in C. thalictroides it varied from 1.00-4.50. In fertile fronds of C. pteridoides it varied from 0.66 to unity, while in C. thalictroides it was unity or above to 5.0. Detailed results are given below with the standard errors of the mean values. width stipe below Means of ratios —————_—_ width stipe above Sterile Transitional Fertile frond frond frond C. pteridoides os | oe + O08 | 0.69 + 0.19 | Gee. + 0.05 C. thalictroides ee) ee Oe. ceed 0.43 PEE 0.03 79 Gardens Bulletin, S. Within the population of C. pteridoides and C. thalictroides in Malaya there is a significant different in the form of stipe, but for transitional fronds and fertile fronds in both species the ratio may approach unity in individual specimens. Lengths of stipes Measurements in cms. were made of the lengths of all complete stipes available. The results are given below. Sterile Transitional Fertile C. pteridoides 7 1.9.2, 0.03 5.7. + 0.3584) 164. 2650 C. thalictroides igh 7.4 + 0.97 | 13.4 + 0.90 | 14.07 +1202 The stipes of the sterile and transitional fronds of C. pteridoides were significantly shorter than those of C. thalictroides. The lengths of the stipes of the fertile fronds showed considerable variation in both species. Ceratopteris thalictroides on Singapore Island in 1959 Miss Elizabeth Periathamby* made a survey of the iuorphology, anatomy and distribution of water-ferns on Singapore Island. She found Ceratopteris thalictroides only at Yio Chu Kang and on the Jalan Tebal. She did not find C. pteridoides at any of the 318 ponds on Singapore Island which she visited. The Ceratopteris thalictroides was found rooted along the margin and some distance inwards in Eichornia crassipes ponds and also in one fish-pond. Sterile fronds were in all cases pinnatifid with some of the pinnae lobed. The occurrence of buds was noted in the sinuses of the lobes and at the apices. Sterile fronds growing in pots of damp earth produced fronds which were not always pin- natifid, some were irregularly lobed and some linear. Such strange fronds were never observed under field conditions. The fertile fronds also produced adventitious buds covered by a small scale. Sterile fronds were formed on burying these fronds in soil. *Contribution to the Morphology, Anatomy and Distribution of the Water-Ferns in Singapore. Thesis B.sc. (Honours) 1959. 80 Vol. XVIII. (1961). All specimens of Ceratopteris collected in recent years in Singa- pore Island by the author have proved to be C. thalictroides, not C. pteridoides. Conclusion Ceratopteris pteridoides and C. thalictroides both occur in Malaya but the former has only been found in Penang and Singa- pore. While it is easiest to distinguish the two species on their habit and shape of sterile leaves, it is possible to distinguish fertile leaves by webbing at the base of the ultimate lobes, and by the degree of revolution of the margin. In Malayan specimens of C. pteridoides the annulus is distinct and many-celled, but the sto- mium may be absent. The number of spores was always 32. In C. thalictroides there was a many-celled annulus often with a distinct stomium. The number of spores may be 16 or 32. The width of the stipe above and below was only a reliable feature for sterile and transitional fronds. The lengths of these stipes was significantly shorter in C. pteridoides. References Benedict, R. C. (1909) ... The genus Ceratopteris: a pre- liminary revision. Bull. Tor- rey. Bot. Club 36, 463-476. DeVol, Charles E. (1957) .. The geographical distribution of Ceratopteris pteridoides. American Fern Journal, 47, 67-72. Acknowledgements I am indebted to Professor R. E. Holttum who first brought DeVol’s paper to my attention, and who suggested that Malayan material should be examined. I also wish to thank the Director of the Botanic Gardens for the loan of Herbarium material. 81 i , ¢ ie bP z ae Pye Son a OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS SINGAPORE 1. Annual Report 1875* Reports for many years 1886 Payate remain available. Price variable. 2. The Agricultural Bulletin of the Malay Peninsula (Series D. Nos. 1-9, 1891-1900. Only Nos. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 available at 20 cents each. 3. The Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and F.MLS. (Series I). Vols. 1-10, 1901-1912, monthly issues. All available except Vol. 1, pts. 6 and 11. At 50 cents each or $5 per volume. 4. The Gardens’ Bulletin, Straits Settlements (Series III). Vol. 1-11 (3) January 1912—August 1941. Vol. 1 (1-5) January-May 1912 is issued under title of Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and F.M.S. All parts available, except vol. 2 (2, 3, 6-11) and 6 (reprinting in press). Prices variable according to size. 5. The Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore (Series IV). Vol. 11 (4) September 1947*. All parts available. Prices variable. Issues are irregular and volumes are not related to calendar time. Subscrip- tion will be entered against deposit. Available on exchange. 6. Malayan Garden Plants: a series of eleven booklets each illustrating 10 useful garden plants. Price 50 cents each. 7. An illustrated earte to the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Price $1. 8. Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Monocotyle- 4 dons. Sy Vols. I, II, III remain available. 9. A Revised Flora of Malaya. (a) Vol. 1. Orchids, by R. E. Holttum. Price $20. (b) Vol. 2. Ferns, by R. E. Holttum. Price $20. 10. (a) Malayan Orchid Hybrids by M. R. Henderson and G. H. Addison. Price $21. a (b) Malayan Orchid Hybrids, peeprenient I by G. H. Addison — (In press). : 11. Wayside Trees of Malaya by E. J. H. Corner, 2 vols. Price $25. a Items 1-8 can be obtained from the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Items 6 and 9-11 can be obtained from the Government a Printer, Singapore. . Prices are quoted in Malayan Dollars. | Postage overseas is extra. wv QADBBPAADAAAAAAAAAAUAMAMAPA AMA THE 8 § ; § GARDENS BULLETIN : SINGAPORE § § § § Vol. XVIII, Part II 30th December, 1961 PL VPVPYUPVOVO LPB VPVOPVPYV\ YD. PVWPYVPV\ PV V\ OP PPUPPPVPVA CONTENTS PAGE CorNER, E. J. H.:Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Soa eee and Australasia, Addendum - - - - 83 SINcLaR, J.: A New epreies of Goniothalamus from Peat Swamp Forest in Borneo - - - > - 98 SINCLAR, J.: Florae Malesianae Precursores—XXXI. The Genus Knema (Myristicaceae) in Malaysia and outside, Malaysia ms 102 OBITUARY: J. A. Le Doux - - - - = - 328 Book REVIEW: = grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan - 330 Price $21 (Malayan) Published by Authority PRINTED BY LEE KiM HENG, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORE. 1961 RS —fis = 05 § § § § § = | To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore § § § § § § § § © QDAAADAADMBAAAADAAAAAVAVBABABA ADAYA AAAAAMAVWAAAUAAUAAAAAMAAM MANAAAANANAAAAAAAAALRAAAAA Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia Addendum By E. J. H. CORNER Botany School, University of Cambridge Summary New species and varieties.— subgen. Urostigma, F. novoguineensis Corner (New Guinea), F. heteromeka Corner (New Guinea); subgen. Pharmacosycea, F. edelfeltii King var. bougainvillei Corner (Bougainville Isl.); sub- gen. Ficus sect. Rhizocladus, F. oxymitroides Corner var. brevipes Corner (New Guinea); sect. Sycidium, F. gul Laut. et K. Schum. var. eubracteata Corner, (New Guinea), F. ampelas Burm. f. var. hispidula Corner (Celebes), F. quercetorum Corner (New Guinea), F. imbricata Corner var. subcordata Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. arawaensis Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. jaheriana Corner (Borneo); sect. Sycocarpus, F. neobritannica Corner (New Bri- tain), F. subcongesta Corner (New Britain) and var. symmetrica Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. hispidioides S. Moore var. flavescens Corner and var. succosa Corner (New Guinea, New Britain), F. macrothyrsa Corner (Bougainville Isl.). Earlier epithet—F. amplissima J. E. Sm. (F. tsiela Roxb.). A journey to New Guinea, New Britain, and Bougainville Island, August to October 1960, enabled me to study the fig-flora of these countries, which I had hitherto known only from the herbarium. That I was able to accomplish so much was due to the great help which I received from the Division of Botany of the Department of Forest, Territory of New Guinea, in particular to the Chief, J. R. Womersley, and his assistant, E. Henty, and to the Forest- Officers E. C. G. Gray and K. J. White. The journey to Bougain- ville Island was made possible through the hospitality of Mr. F. R. 83 Gardens Bulletin, S- McKillop, Arawa Plantation near Kieta, with whom Mr. Womer- sley and I stayed. I tender my grateful thanks to these persons and to the Administration of the Territory of New Guinea which extended much hospitality. subgen. Urostigma Mig. sect. Leucogyne Corner F. amplissima J. E. Sm. Rees Cyclop. 14 (1810) n. 68; Miquel, Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 580; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 287.—F. tsiela Roxb. ex Buch. Ham. Tr. Linn. Soc. 15 (1826) 149; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 549.—-Smith’s species was based solely on Tsiela of Rheede (Hort. Mal. III, 85, t. 63) and is therefore an earlier name than F. tsiela Roxb. subgen. Urostigma Mig. sect. Conosycea (Migq.) Corner F. novoguineensis sp. nov.—Arbor magna epiphytica suffocans. glabra vel ramuli petiolisque primo puberulis dein glabris, recep- taculis primo dense sericeo-pubescentibus. Ramuli 4-5 mm. crassi. Stipulae —18 mm. longae. Lamina 10-18.5 x 3.5-7.5 cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata, saepe subauriculata, tenue coriacea, levis, sicco brunnea: cos- tis lateralibus utrinsecus 10—14: intercostis —7, vix elevatis: cos- tis basalibus utrinsecus 1 (—2), brevibus: petiolo 15-47 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata, maturitate brunnea v. flavescentia: pedunculo 7-25 & 2 mm., superne haud v. vix dilatato, piiis albis v. aureis 0.5—0.7 mm. longis dense pubescenti: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-6 mm. longis, ovato-acutis, appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 18-20 « 17—18 mm., subellipsoideo, dense pubescenti dein glabrescenti, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 3 in discum planum 4 mm. latum instructis occluso: setis internis nullis. Perianthia gamophylla, mascula 2-lobata, feminea 2-3- lobata. Laminae pagina inferior cuticula plicata, ut in F. annu- lata Bl., praedita. Territory New Guinea, New Britain, in silvis. NGF 7863, Morobe District, Wau-Salamana road: NGF 11658 and 12456, Lae Botanic Garden (typus, herb. Lae, eadem arbore collectae): Clemens 1833, Morobe, trail to Wareo, 500 m. alt.: Corner s.n., Rabaul, 4 Oct. 1960. F. chrysolepidis Miq. affinis, sed receptaculis semper minoribus, pedunculis brevioribus, bracteis basalibus majoribus. Forsan F. 84 Vol. XVII. (1961). chrysolepidis varietas, sed arbores numerosas inspexi et semper distinctas. subgen. Urostigma (Gasp.) Mig. sect. Malvanthera Corner ser. Malvanthereae subser. Hesperidiiformes Corner F. heteromeka sp. nov.—Arbor parva, —6 m. alta. Stipulae, costa media, et receptacula breviter albidopubescentes, glabrescentes. Ramuli 8—12 mm. crassi. Stipulae -65 mm. longae. Lamina 14— 30 & 6-11 cm., oblongo-elliptica, acuta, basi cuneata, coriacea, integra, sicco cervino-brunnea: costis lateralibus primariis utrin- secus 24—27, angulo lato exorientibus, ut in F. elastica, minute brunneo-areolatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, brevibus: petiolo 70-110 & 5 mm. Receptacula axillaria subsessilia, rub- ro-aurantiaca et rubromaculata: pedunculo 5—7 mm. longo, crasse obconico, ad basim 8 mm. lato, superne 12-14 mm. lato expanso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1 * 5—6 mm., anguste crescenti- formibus, caducis: corpore receptaculi 48-65 « 30-35 mm., oblongo-ellipsoideo, ostiolo haud umbonata sed triradiato-inciso: pariete crasso sclerotico. Flores ut in F. hesperidiiforme King. Cystolitha hypergena, stomatibus valde immersis. West New Guinea (Adjar, Kebar Valley, 1,100 m. alt., in silvis, incol. Marapa): BW 6881 (typus, herb. Leiden). F. mafulensis Summerh. affinis sed receptaculo haud umbonata, costis primariis lateralibus pluribus. ; subgen. Pharmacosycea Mig. sect. Oreosycea Miq. ser. Nervosae Corner F. edelfeltii King var. bougainvillei Corner v. nov. Fig. 1. —Receptacula pedunculis bracteisque basalibus longioribus, brac- teis lateralibus 3 saepe praedita: pedunculo 5-28 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 5—9 mm. longis, ovato-lanceolatis, acutis: pedicello 0-5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibus 3 (4), 3-6 mm. longis, ad medium receptaculum vel apicem versus plus minus verticillatis, nonnunquam deficientibus. Bougainville Isl., Crown Prince Mountains et Siwai. NGF 13559, 13568, 13570 (typus, herb. Lae); J. H. L. Water- house B313. Bracteae laterales in Pharmacosycea singulares. 85 Gardens Bulletin, S. \ fe BE Og i pie aN aE fens, ’ i ( Pig. Ym he ; Bl an HT ii. 5 3 yay e FAN ‘ Ae ey . ; t ' \\ Hy ee ; “ah f hs een : a Zi Me sy yt ( : RET he es We yy x ad f ae Ge ae yy Oe ’ ; Fr Le SS Ce tes SAF y; Ss ae ed VO SS SNE Att Se SSF MKS vi The he \ A ‘ 4 : Ye { Mee ( vith Wee eee RY if \ \l itt ! bit i\ y \ij Nh Fila so N Wi Mabriirtiggt 1 yayh Wi 1 | i \\ rt | ae (/ “I \ ; ) \ \\ Aw 8 \ cf 4 I} 8 \\ I L TENOR Ca” em Vt No ee ri Ly ‘a iy Wee \ py i Ly tid \ i \ BaNT WW Oa \ tl be RE i ms Ml YM! Fig. 1. F. edelfeltii var. bougainvillei (NGF 13570), x 2. subgen. Ficus sect. Rhizocladus Endl. ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Balanotae Corner F. oxymitroides Corner var. brevipes Corner v. nov. Fig. 2.— Pedunculo breviore, bracteis apicalibus vix projicientibus differt. Glabra, ramuli primo pilis pallidis patentibus 1-3 mm. longis tenue pubescentes. Lamina 4-12 * 1.5-4 cm., ovato-elliptica v. ovato-lanceolata, apicem versus gradatim acuminata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, intercostis —4 laxis: costis basalibus 4-4 laminae: petiolo 4-10 mm. longo. Receptacula 6-10 mm. lata, subellipsoidea, ostiolo plano 2 mm. lato, haud immerso, subannulato, bracteis apicalibus ad 0.5 mm. projicientibus: pedunculo 0.5—2 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1.5—2 mm. longis, ovatis, obtusis, appresse puberulis caducis; pedicello 1.5— 4 mm. longo: setis internis paucis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete interno. New Guinea, in silvis montanis, 300—1,600 m. alt. F. pantonianam King v. colobocarpam Corner revocans sed ostiolo plano et haud rubigino-furfuracea. NGF 12935 (typus, herb. Lae), Woirrapi, Papua, leg. E. J. H. Corner et E. C. G. Grey, 1,600 m. alt., 24 Aug. 1960; BW 6126, Vogelkop Peninsula, Tehach, south of Lake Ajamaroe, on lime- stone rocks, 275 m. alt. 86 Vol. XVIII. (1961). Fig. 2. F. oxymitroides (NGF 11418) and var. brevipes (lower left, NGF : 12935). Leaf x 4, figs x 1. sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Sycidium ser. Phaeopilosae Corner F. gul Laut. et K. Schum. var. eubracteata Corner v. nov. Fig. 3. —Receptacula axillaria, plerumque solitaria, bracteis lateralibus lanceolatis conspicuis, pilis albidis 0.5—-1 mm. longis dense vil- losa, purpurascentia: pedicello 6-14 mm. longo, bracteis late- ralibus 7-10 mm. longis, appresse puberulis: corpore recepta- culi 10-13 mm. lato (-25 mm. vivo), subpyriformi, bracteis lateralibus lanceolatis 4-8 mm. longis, bracteis apicalibus 2—4 mm. longis projicientibus: setis internis paucis: cellulis sclero- ticis in pariete nullis. Novellae pilis 1-3 mm. longis dense brun- neo-tomentosae. Lamina -30 x 15 cm., elliptica v. ovata, acuminata, basi subcordata, denticulata, supra subscabrida, sub- tus villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, basalibus 2, 4-3 laminae elongatis: petiolo 20-70 mm. Terr. New Guinea. Morobe District, pr. Wau, 900 m. alt. pr. rivulo. Ut v. solomonensis Corner sed bracteis lateralibus evolutioribus. ad F. complexam Corner approximans. NGF 12482 (typus, herb. Lae), 12483, leg J. A. R. Anderson et E. J. H. Corner, Sept. 11, 1960. 87 —- KU 0 0 OO EEE . ° : ’ : ; ; w € X “(Z8PTI ADN ‘T) Bivajoviqna “IA pue ‘(Z8S€l AON ‘Z) ssuauowojos Iea “(pl6Sl Leg ‘¢) jns “Wy '€ “Bld ae Pia Dod 4 pres = penis Hf ee ‘c A, taes ~ 1 i ae = U 5 374... 2 x BAW Sy Bi WON \ : WINK, as) y = WA ie NY) S27 QQ \ Sse. — NY & WY ““ahig as WN | NY ai pre a ANN 245%. es WN wetter © .s SPP > Nit RA 4 Vy - we ~ ao owe o\co~ Boe eg aN Ihe Ne <a au / ae Sale . 2 rey oo Wy 1 eet y)) ) wae "yy 1) mate » = = Hi oy > e ‘ . _ - = * _- Gre ‘ oe «7 = “4 a8 - ‘ r “3 . ras te feat, yl ae eee pe: ae 2 MTS Whee Ae my eur eee. PEA og a ~ a F F a <i br I gay iecaay WS 5 . ot We r ve *. 4 ) oak wats We ns yD ARETE Dee) Wn We! TA NN ‘iF ty oH Vol. XVII. (1961). sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Sycidium ser. Scabrae Miq. F. ampelas Burm. f. var. hispidula Corner var. nov.—Lamina pilis erectis minutis albidis supra scabrido-hispidula, subtus veluti- nata. Receptacula minute et dense hispido-puberula. Celebes (Pangkadjena), Teysmann 11905 et 12242 (typus herb. Bogor.): ad lapides. Receptacula, flores feminei, et semina ut in v. ampelas, lamina scabrido-hispidula F. tinctoriam Forst. f. ssp. swinhoei (King) Corner revocans. F. quercetorum Corner sp. nov.—F. tonsa Miq. v. aspera Corner. Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1960) 463.—Species ipsa variabilis mon- ticola suffruticosa v. subarborea, villosa v. scabrido-puberula. Lamina scaberrima inequilateralis. Receptacula 8-13 mm. lata: pedunculo 1.5-5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis internis —1 mm. longis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete copiosis. Terr. New Guinea, Papua, in querceto, nothofageto, et pandaneto, 1,500—2,500 m. alt., late dispersa. Plantas vivas inspexi speciminaque sicca nova. Forsan F. odo- ratae Blanco affinis. NGF 4863 (typus, herb. Lae), 12938 (Woitapi, Papua); R. G. Robbins 785, 881 (Eastern Highlands). F. imbricata Corner var. subeordata Corner comb. nov. Fig. 4.— F.. tonsa Mig. v. subcordata Corner, Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1960) 464.—Study of living trees in Bougainville Island has shown me that the slender peduncle and pedicel are characteristic of the alli- ance of F. imbricata and F. arawaensis, rather than of the westerly F. tonsa. Hence I transfer this variety. F. arawaensis Corner sp. nov. Fig. 4.—Arbor —12 m. alta, cauli- flora, latice albo, foliis distichis, ex integra glabra. Ramuli 2— 2.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 7-12 mm. longae, binatae, lanceolatae, caducae. Lamina 10-27 « 2.5-8 cm., lanceolato-elliptica, acu- minata apice 10-20 mm. longo, basi cuneata symmetrica v. latere acroscopico latior, non auriculata, repando-subdentata v. integra, membranacea v. subcoriacea, levis, sicco viridibrunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 11—16, obliquis, vix inarcuatis, sub- tus elevatis: intercostis 5—11, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis basalibus nullis v. vix evolutis: petiolo 7-14 mm. longo. Receptacula e ramulis efoliatis nodu- losis -20 « 4—5 mm. evoluta, e basi trunci ad ramos: pedun- culo 4-12 0.7 mm.: bracteis basalibus 3, 0.5 mm. longis, obtusis, minutis: pedicello 4-16 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 9-10 mm. lato, subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus deficientibus, 89 Gardens Bulletin, S. Fig. 4. F. imbricata (1, Waterhouse 818), var. subcordata (2, NGF 13768), and F.. arawaensis (3, NGF 13557). Leaves x 3, figs x 1. apice in statu sicco mamillato, bracteis apicalibus numerosis, minutis, obtusis: setis internis 0.3 mm. longis, numerosis, albi- dis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala 4—6 spathulata rubra libera albido-hispidula: pedicellis rubescentibus glabris. Flores mas- culi ordinibus 2—3 ostiolaribus instructi, pedicellati v. juxta os- tiolum sessiles: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedi- cellati. Cystolitha amphigena. Bougainville Island (Arawa pr. Kieta), NGF 13557 (typus, herb. Lae), leg. E. J. H. Corner Oct. 7, 1960. | F. imbricatae Corner affinis sed cauliflora, lamina non auri- culata, costis lateralibus pluribus. 90 Vol. XVII. (1961). sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Palaeomorphe (King) Corner ser. Fibrosifoliae Corner F. jaheriana Corner sp. nov.—Species grandifoliosa, glabra. Ramuli 4—5 mm. crassi, pallide ochracei. Stipulae breves, caducae. Lamina 14-47 8-17 cm., oblonga v. late elliptica, apice —30 mm. longo acuminata, saepe asymmetrica, basi cordata, integra, coriacea, supra levis, subtus scabrida, sicco supra grisea, subtus fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, distantibus, subtus valde elevatis, glandulis axillaribus deficientibus v. una in axilla infima: intercostis 1—3, laxis, elevatis: costis basalibus latere latiore 3—4, altero 2—3, brevibus, glandula axillari una. Receptacula ramiflora: pedicello 4—7 mm. longo: corpore recep- taculi S—8 mm. lato, scabridulo, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo vix immerso: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori ut in F’. obscura: tepalis glabris, minute denticulatis. Flores feminei et semina ? Cystolitha hypogena: fibris sclereidiformibus in mesophyllo copiosis. Borneo (Sungei Tjehen, Kalimintang), leg. (Jaheri 1288 (typus, herb. Bogor.), 1289. Species inter F. obscuram Bl. et F. nidotis Corner, sed lamina magna valdivenosa basi cordata distinctissima. Fici specierum col- lectoris insignis, Jaheri, in memoriam dedicata. sect. Sycocarpus Migq. subsect. Sycocarpus - Ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Calopilinae Corner F. neobritannica Corner sp. nov. Fig. 5.—Arbor —10 m. alta, sparsim ramosa, cauliflora, latice albo copioso, foliis spiraliter instructis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, nervique pilis obscure v. laete brunneis 1-2 mm. longis hispidi. Ramuli 5—7 mm. crassi (8—10 mm., vivo), internodis brevibus. Stipulae —35 mm. longae. ovato-lanceolatae, hispidae, caducae. Lamina 30-40 x 18-28 cm., obovata, apice S—18 mm. longo breviter acuminata, basi plus minus cordata, denticulata, membranacea, hispida, supra scabrida, sicco subviridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-13, marginem versus furcata, glandula axillari ad furcas: intercostis 6—11, sublaxis, subtus leniter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-5, brevibus: petiolo 25-110 mm. longo, hispido, glandula viridi subnodali praedita. Ramuli fertiles efoliati, cauliflori, —20 cm. longi, basi 8-12 mm. crassi, sparsim ramosi, internodis 2-8 mm. longis, congesti, apicibus stipulis 6-9 mm. longis caducis obtectis, hispidi. Receptacula hispido-villosa, maturitate ochracea: pedunculo 5—7 cm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, in collare plus minus instructis, 5-8 mm. longis, subpersistentibus: 91 Gardens Bulletin, S. ~ = <= ~sS vaae ~~ Ae — eetg ts tatat > . Potun SY nies ey os 23-6 @ 6 f.5e Ce eta Fig. 5. F. neobritannica (NGF 13787). Leaf and figs x 4, female flower and seeds < 8, fig-orifice x 1. 9? Vol. XVIII. (1961). receptaculi corpore 17—22 mm. lato (35-45 mm., vivo), sub- globoso v. sicco breviter ellipsoideo, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo inter bracteas apicales numerosas alte immerso, bracteis apicalibus marginalibus 7-9 gibbosis 3—4 mm. longis: setis internis paucis, 1 mm. longis, pallide brunneis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete receptaculi seminiferi 4-5 mm. crasso nullis. Flores feminei pedicellati: perianthio brevi ad basim ovarii stipitis ut cingula: ovario rufo-brunneo: stylo sparsim barbato. Semina | mm. longa, lentiformia, vix carinata, levia v. subasperata, hilo subprominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain, Keravat, in vallibus arctis in silvis,s NGF 13787 (typus, herb. Lae). F. praestantis Corner similis et in silvis congregata, sed recep- taculis bracteis lateralibus deficientibus. A F. pachyrrachis stipulis caducis, basi laminae plus minus cordato, costis basalibus brevibus, bracteis basalibus brevioribus inter alia differt. subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Congestae Corner F. subcongesta Corner sp. nov. Fig. 6.—Arbor —20 m. alta. Folia subdisticha v. opposita. Ramuli petioli stipulaeque primo dense appresse fuscobrunneo-hirsuti, pilis 0.5-1 mm. longis: costae subtus pilis fuscobrunneis sparsis praeditae: lamina supra sparsim appresse pilosa. Ramuli 2.5—3.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12—20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 8—25 x 3-10 cm., elliptica v. obovata, apice 7-15 mm. longo acuminata, basi subcordata v. cuneata, saepe inequilaterali, subdenticulata v. integra, vix scabrida, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9 v. 8-11, ascendentibus, intercostis ~9: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, brevibus: petiolo 10-30 mm. longo, glandula subnodali saepe praedito. Receptacula ramiflora et cauliflora, ad ramulos efoliatos, seminiferos —26 cm. longos sine internodis, cecidi- ophoros —60 cm. longos internodis S—20 mm. longis, maturitate carnea v. rufobrunnea: pedunculo 3—20 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1—2 mm. longis, lanceolatis, persistentibus: pedicello nullo: corpore receptaculi 9-12 mm. lato (seminifero), 12—17 mm. lato (cecidiophoro), subgloboso, apicem versus 5-gibboso, ostiolo vix depresso: setis internis paucis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis paucis v. nullis. Perianthium cecidiophorum ovarium rufo-brunneum obtegens v. incisum; femineum ovarium rufo- brunneum obtegens. Stilus femineus glaber v. sparsim et bre- vissime puberulus. Semina 0.8—0.9 mm. longa, asperata, vix carinata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain, in silvis. 93 Gardens Bulletin, S. ™~ KEMARD NG + VAN ates amare QT K slamoy ‘| X say ‘fF X saavo, (1LStl AON ‘Z) DSAKYION pue “(p0S9 AON ‘Stomoy seuss ‘EgLEl ADN ‘1) Pesaduoogns “4 °9 ‘SI IoUul * 94 Vol. XVII. (1961). F. congestae Roxb. in herbario persimilis, sed in statu vivo re- ceptaculis 5-gibbosis, ostiolo haud depresso, minoribus facile dis- tinguenda. Arbores numerosas inspexi. NGF 13547 (typus, herb. Lae), 13783, Keravat; NGF 6504, West Nakanai, Galilo village pr. Cape Hoskins. var. symmetrica Corner v. nov.—Lamina ad basim angustato- cordata symmetrica, arborum juvenilium valde ovato-cordata. Ramuli fertiles stoloniformes a basi trunci ad 3 m. longi orientes, internodis 3—7 cm. longis, 3—4 mm. crassis, plus minus geocarpici: bracteis basalibus 2-3 mm. longis: pedicello in aetate viva 3-7 mm. longo. Bougainville Isl., Crown Prince Mountains, 700-1200 m. alt.; NGF 13735 (typus, herb. Lae), 13737. Small tree —8 m. high: latex white. Leaves spirally arranged to opposite. Twigs, stipules, petioles, and underside of the main veins rather closely appressedly hairy with dark brown hairs 1—-1.5 mm. long, the underside of the smaller veins thinly villous with paler spreading hairs —O.5 mm. long: upperside of the lamina thinly white hairy. Twigs 2.5-3 mm. thick. Stipules —15 mm. long. Lamina 12-20 « 5-7 cm.., elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acuminate with the tip —17 mm. long, base narrowed cordate and sym- metrical, membranous, minutely denticulate, slightly scabrid on both sides, subvillous beneath, drying grey-brown: saplings with ovate-elliptic lamina —26 x 11 cm., base broadly and symmetri- cally cordate: lateral nerves 6-8 pairs: intercostals 3—6, rather lax, raised below: basal nerves 3 pairs, short: petiole 15-25 mm. long, not elongate in saplings, with a subnodal gland. Figs on stolons —3 m. long from the base of the trunk, superficial and geocarpic, the internodes 3—7 cm. * 3—4 mm., glabrescent, the figs ripening yellowish pink: peduncle 5-15 mm. long: basal bracts 2—3 mm. long, persistent: pedicel 3-7 mm. long (living): body 20-25 mm. wide (living), subglobose, shortly brown hairy, glabrescent, with 5—6 humps round the slightly sunken apical rosette 4-5 mm. wide: internal bristles none: sclerotic cells very few in small clusters round the vascular bundles in the inner wall of the fig. Gall-flowers with the perianth covering the red-brown ovary. Lamina with cystoliths only on the lower side. In leaf, hairiness, persistent basal bracts, and paucity of sclerotic cells in the fig-wall, this agrees with F. subcongesta, but the strongly stoloniferous fruiting twigs and the pedicellate fig-body agree with F. macrothyrsa. It was a fairly frequent species in the forest of the Crown Prince Mountains. Further collections may prove its specific rank. 95 Gardens Bulletin, S. subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tubercu'ifasciculatae Sata subser. Hispidae Corner F. hispidioides S. Moore, J. Bot. 61 (1923) Suppl. 51. var. hispidioides—Because of inadequate herbarium-material.. I confused this species with F. hispida. Having recently been able to study many trees in New Guinea, I am convinced that it must be distinguished by the lack of lateral bracts on the figs which are borne on short, branched leafless twigs from the trunk and main branches, and by the more obovate leaf. In F. hispida the figs are axillary and then developed in hanging racemes, or they are pro- duced from stolons at the base of the trunk. True F. hispida has rarely been collected in New Guinea (Carr 11128, Papua), though there are several collections from Queensland. The figs on different trees of F. hispidioides show such differences that I distinguish three varieties. The type of F. hispidioides in the British Museum. has the small, rounded or somewhat depressed fig, and I associate with it the trees which I found with figs that turned pink to red- brown on ripening, though there is no note of the colour of the fig in the type. Coll. Forbes s.n. Kerepunu, Papua (type); Corner s.n. Blamey’s. Retreat, Rouna, Papua, Oct. 1960. var. flavescens Corner v. nov.—Receptacula maturitate flava, pyriformia, 18—22 m. lata (25~35 mm., vivo): pedunculo —30 mm. longo. Papua, New Britain, in silvis, saepe riparia, et in vallibus arctis sub Eucalypto. Carr 11316, 11489 (Kanosia); Corner s.n. Brown River, et s.n. Blamey’s Retreat, Rouna Valley; NGF 12591, Rouna Valley (typus, herb. Lae), 13778 (Keravat, New Britain). var. succosa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula maturitate flava, depresso-globosa 25—35 mm. lata (5—7 cm., vivo): bracteis basali- bus 3-4 & 2.5—3.5 mm. Ramuli, petioli, costae subtus plus minus albido-villosi. Terr. New Guinea, Papua, New Britain, in silvis, saepe riparia. Brass 28080 (Sudest Isl., Rambuso, det. F. calopilina); Corner s.n. Lae, et s.n. Bulolo, 1960; Hoogland 3372 (Popondetta, det. F. calopilina); NGF 5700 (typus, herb. Lae), pr. Lae: NGF 13552 (Rabaul). This variety has been much confused by myself and others with F. calopilina, which is a mountain species with brown setose-hairy figs. 96: Vol. XVII. (1961). subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Tuberculifasciculatae F. macrothyrsa Corner sp nov.— Arbor —15 m. alta, cauliflora, latice albo. Folia disticha v. apud ramulos opposita inequalia. Ramuli petioli pilis albidis v. brunneolis —-1 mm. longis sparsim appresse hirsuti, costae subtus sparsius. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae —25 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 12-20 x 5-10 cm., elliptica, subasymmetrica, apice -12 mm. longo acuminata, basi plus minus asymmetrica, uno latere rotundata, altero cuneata, binarum minor symmetrica et subcordata, integra, tenuiter coriacea, levis, sicco pallide brunneo: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—8 inarcuatis, intercostis 2—4 laxis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1—2 brevibus: petiolo 10-30 mm. longo, glandula subnodali saepe praedito. Receptacula e ramulis elongatis efoliatis glabris —2 m. longis, basi 10-15 mm. crassis, internodis 10-40 mm. longis, producta, a parte basali trunci pendentibus, inferioribus ad terram crescentibus haud geocarpicis, ramulis longis paucis, ramulis brevibus —4 cm, longis receptacula con- gesta gerentibus numerosis, ipsa maturitate brunnea: pedunculo 5—20 mm. long: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3 mm. longis, lanceo- latis, caducis: pedicello 1-5 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 14— 17 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, subtruncata, e basi ad bracteas apicales 5-6 subgibbosas leniter costato, ostiolo haud depresso: setis internis brevibus, albidis, sparsis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete receptaculi cecidiophori copiosis. Perianthium cecidi- ophorum ovarium rufobrunneum obtegens. Flores feminei ? Cystolitha hypogena. Bougainville Island (Crown Prince Mts.), in silvis prope rivulos 500 m. alt., NGF 13571 (typus, herb. Lae). Inter F. subcongestam Corner et F. arfakensem King sed recep- taculo pedicellato bracteis basalibus caducis, ramulis stoloniformi- bus robustis distincta. Ad specimina F.. arfakensis ex insulis Solo- monensibus approximans sed his modis et laminis receptaculisque majoribus distincta. 97 A New Species of Goniothalamus from Peat Swamp Forest in Borneo By JAMES SINCLAIR Mr. J. A. R. ANDERSON of the Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak has, on several occasions, sent me duplicates of a Gonio- thalamus from Borneo which he could not match and which he wished to include for publication in his paper, “The Flora of the Peat Swamp Forests of Sarawak and Brunei, including a catalogue of all recorded species of flowering plants, ferns and fern allies.” When I visited Sarawak and Brunei last year, July to September 1960, he again reminded me about it and showed me more sheets of it in the Herbarium at Kuching. It has been found in several loca- lities in Sarawak and Brunei and is confined mostly to peat swamp forest or wet forest with a certain amount of peat. Ashton obtained it from the Shorea albida swamps at Seria and Bukit Puan in Brunei where there is some sand in the soil as well as peat. I looked for it in these and other localities in Brunei, but unfortunately did not find it myself. I am now describing it as a new species and have named it in honour of J. A. R. Anderson. Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 1. Species affinis G. tavoyensi et G. tapi; a priore foliis magis coriaceis, nervis pluribus, sepalis obtusis, petalis exterioribus longi- oribus, stipitibus carpellorum longioribus distinguitur; ab altero ramulis atro-fuscis (non rubro-brunneis nec stramineis), foliis in sicco pallidioribus, carpellis stipitatis recedit. Arbor 10-15 m. alta. Cortex atrofuscus, levis, odoratus. Ramuli atro-fusci vel nigrescentes, striati, glabri. Folia coriacea vel subcoriacea, elliptico-oblonga vel oblonga, supra _ brun- neo-viridia in sicco, interdum nitida, subtus pallidiora, apice rotundata obtuse apiculata, basi acutiuscula, 12—21 cm. longa, 5—8 cm. lata; costa supra insculpta, subtus elevata; nervi 10— 14-jugati, graciles, utrinque elevati, prominuli, nervi secundarii primariis breviores; reticulationes graciles utrinque visibiles; petioli 1.5—2 cm. longi. Flores solitarii, axillares vel ex axillis foliorum delapsorum orti. Pedicelli tenues, 1 cm. longi. Sepala coriacea, semiorbiculata, reticulata, prope basin cordata, immo basi connata, 5 mm. longa, 1 cm. lata. Petala flava; exteriora puberula, 4 cm. longa, medio 1 cm. lata, supra medium longe et anguste acuminata, basi truncata; interiora in partibus liberis 98 Vol. XVIII. (1961). Fig. 1. Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair. A, twig with leaves and flowers. B, dissection of flower to show calyx, outer and inner petals. C, staminode or infertile outer stamen. D, stamen. E, carpel. F, seed. G, ovary with style and stigma. All drawings from Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SING holotype). 99 Gardens Bulletin, S. tomentella, intus glabra, mitriformia, apice acuta, 8 mm.—1 cm. longa, 3—4 mm. lata. Stamina 2 mm. longa, connectivis tomentellis obtuse apiculatis. Ovaria 2.5-3 mm. longa, anguste cylindrica; stigma glabra, infundibuliforme. Carpella late elliptica, glabra, 1.5 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata; stipites 1.3-1.5 cm. longi, tenues, 2 mm. crassi. Semen 1, nitidum badium, 1.2 cm. longum, 8 mm. latum. Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark very dark brown, smooth, sweet- scented. Jwigs dark brown or blackish, striate, glabrous. _ Leaves coriaceous or sub-coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong, brownish green above when dry, also sometimes glossy, paler and dull beneath, apex rounded and then bluntly apiculate, base somewhat acute; midrib sunk and grooved above, raised beneath; nerves 10—14 pairs, slender, raised on both surfaces, slightly prominent, secondary nerves present but shorter than the primary; reticulations fine, but visible on both surfaces; length 12—21 cm.; breadth 5—8 cm.; petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Flowers solitary, axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves. Pedicels thin, 1 cm. long. Sepals coriaceous, semi-circular, reticulate, cordate near the base, connate at the very base, 5 mm. long and 1 cm. broad. Petals bright yellow, the outer puberulous, 4 cm. long, 1 cm. broad at the middle, narrowed and drawn out into a long acumen above the middle, truncate at the base; the inner tomen- tulose on the exposed parts, glabrous inside, mitriform, acute at the apex, 8 mm.—1 cm. long and 3—4 mm. broad. Stamens 2 mm. long, the connectives obtusely apiculate and tomentulose. Ovaries 2.5—3 mm. long, narrowly cylindrical; stigmas glabrous, funnel- shaped. Carpels broadly elliptic, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. broad; stalks 1.3—1.5 cm. long, slender, 2 mm. thick. Seed 1, shin- ing, chestnut brown, 1.2 cm. long and 8 mm. broad. BORNEO Sarawak: 3rd Division:—Sungei Pasir, Kut Siong P.F., Anderson SAR 125 (SAR); Batang Igan, Tanjong Kelapu, Sibu, Anderson SAR 689 (SAR, SING); Naman F.R., Sibu, Sanusi b. Tahir SAR 5062 (SAR); Daro F.R., Surong Irit, Binatang, Sanusi b. Tahir SAR 5236 (SAR). BRUNEI: Bukit Puan, Ashton SAR 7864 (SAR, SING); Seria, Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SAR, SING); Badas, Re- search Plot 9/2, Hassan SAR 2851 (SAR, SING). DISTRIBUTION: Sarawak and Brunei in peat swamp forest. TYPE MATERIAL: Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SAR, SING holotype). VERNACULAR NAMES: Selukai (Iban); pudin (Milanau); serbah semangun (Malay). USES: The bark is used as a repellent against mosquitoes. 100 Vol. XVII. (1961). A tree of the peat swamp forest with blackish twigs, rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, finely veined leaves, tomentulose, slightly apiculate anther connectives and 1-seeded, stalked, elliptic carpels. Because of the apiculate connectives and the somewhat similar leaves, it would appear to be related to G. tavoyensis and tapis and nearest to the former. It differs from it, however, in the more coriaceous leaves with more veins, the obtuse semi-orbicular sepals, the longer outer petals and the longer carpel stalks. It differs from tapis in the blackish twigs, the colour of the leaves on drying, the less sharply apiculate connectives and in the stalked carpels. In tapis the young twigs are reddish brown, the older pale grey or straw-coloured while the leaves dry a dull, dark brown above and a medium brown beneath and the carpels are sessile. There is also some superficial resemblance to the Ceylon G. hookeri, a species with somewhat similar though broader leaves and black twigs, but that plant would fall in another group because of its convex or flat-topped anther connectives. Its acute sepals and smaller flowers would also distinguish it from andersonii. G. andersonii, apart from its affinities with these three above- mentioned species, will not readily be mistaken for any of them. It is more likely to be confused, especially in the herbarium with sterile material of G. malayanus, a species of similar habitat in peat swamp forest in Borneo. G. malayanus however, is a shrub and has narrower, glossy leaves and pale straw-coloured twigs. The stamen connectives are flat-topped or slightly convex and the car- pels oblong with 2—5 seeds. 101 Florae Malesianae Precursores—-XXXI The Genus Knema (Myristicaceae) in Malaysia and outside Malaysia By JAMES SINCLAIR INTRODUCTORY PART Explanation and Scope of this paper THIS PAPER deals primarily with the description and distribution of the Malaysian species of Knema outside the Malay Peninsula. The Malay Peninsula species have already been revised by me in Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) but their distribution out- side Malaya, if any, is now given with a citation of specimens. The descriptions of those species, occurring in Malaya, are not repeat- ed, but some extra notes or new facts regarding them have been added if deemed necessary for a better understanding of the genus. The extra-Malaysian species had to be examined as well and are also revised here with full descriptions and notes on distribution. The actual non-Malaysian species are so few in number (three species and one variety) that the additional task of including them in the present account was in no way a burden. Thus my first paper ““A Revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae” in Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) when taken in conjunction with this one, will form an account of all the known species in the genus Knema. In August 1960 I visited Sarawak and Brunei to make a special study of Myristicaceae in the field. The original draft of this paper had then to be altered to incorporate extra notes on bark and field characters with the addition of new records, a few new vari- eties and the change in status of one variety to that of a species. Conspectus and Number of the Accepted Species after Revision After revising Knema, I found that there are 37 species, 13 varieties and 1 form altogether, with 34 species, 12 varieties and 1 form in Malaysia. The other 3 species and 1 variety, namely K. attenuata, erratica, linifolia and cinerea var. andamanica are Indian, but erratica occurs in China (Yunnan), Burma and Siam as well. Warburg lists some 39 species and 18 varieties in his mono- graph, while Merrill adds a further 7 species in his “Enumeration 102 Vol. XVII. (1961). of the Philippine Flowering Plants”. Some 6 further names were created by various authors since Warburg, but of these only one still stands, namely K. membranifolia Hubert Winkler. I have arranged the species in alphabetical order in the text, each with a preceding numeral. Each species is given the same corresponding number in the keys. During my short visits to other herbaria in 1959, I found that this alphabetical arrangement was the easiest and quickest for adding collectors’ numbers and localities to my manuscript. The following is the revised list of species and vari- eties in the genus. Revised list of species and varieties of Knema i. K. ashtonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 13. hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.) 2. attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Warb. 3. cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 14. intermedia (Bl.) Warb. var. cinerea 15. kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, sp. var. andamanica (Warb.) J. ORs). Sinclair, comb. noy. ‘16. korthalsii Warb. var. cordata (J. Sinclair) J. 17. kunstleri (King) Warb. Sinclair, comb. nov. var. kunstleri _ var. patentinervia (J. Sin- var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair, clair) J. Sinclair, + var. nov. comb. nov. 18. latericia Elmer f. patentinervia var. latericia f. lotetbedicellata var. albifolia J. Sinclair, J. Sinclair, f. nov. irecanecteg a lai bens (J. Sinclair) J var. lunduensis J. Sinclair, var. ru : : var, ine Sinclair, stat. nov. var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sin- clair, comb. nov. -19. latifolia Warb. 20. laurina (Bl.) Warb. 21. linifolia (Roxb.) Warb. 4. communis J. Sinclair ; i 22. malayana Warb. 5. conferta (King) Warb. 23. mandaharan (Miq.) Warb. 6. curtisii (King) Warb. . 24. membranifolia H. Winkler Po irr ey 8 Se 25. muscosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov. a a ae 26. oblongifolia (King) Warb. ; : var. oblongifolia Higa 2 ninety J. Sinclair, var. var. monticola (King) Warb. var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, 27. pectinata Warb. : var. nov. 28. percoriacea J. Sinclair, sp. nov. var. paludosa J. Sinclair, var. | 29. plumulosa J. Sinclair nov. 30. retusa (King) Warb. 7. elmeri Merr. 31. rigidifolia J. Sinclair 8. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sin- 32. rufa Warb. clair, comb. nov. 33. scortechinii (King) J. Sinclair 9. furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. 34. stenophylla (Warb.) J. Sinclair 10. galeata J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 35. tomentella (Miq.) Warb. 11. globularia (Lamk) Merr. 36. uliginosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 12. glomerata (Blanco) Merr. 37. woodii J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 103 Gardens Bulletin, S. New Species | The following 7 are new species described in this paper:— Knema ashtonii, K. galeata, K. kinabaluensis, K. muscosa, K. percoriacea, K. uliginosa and K. woodii. New Varieties The following 7 are new varieties :— _K. curtisii var. amoena, var. arenosa, var. linguiformis and var. paludosa; K. kunstleri var. surigaoensis; K. latericia var. albifolia and var. lunduensis. New Forms K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata is a new form. New Combinations The following 5 are new combinations : — K. cinerea var. andamanica (Warb.), var. cordata (J. Sinclair), var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) and var. sumatrana (Migq.); K. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.). New Status The following receives new status :— K. cinerea var. rubens (J. Sinclair), raised from a form to a variety. New Synonyms The following 26 are new synonyms : — a. Species reduced: —K. acuminata Merr., K. alvarezii Merr., K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb., K. cenabre Merr. & Quisumb., K. elegans Pierre ex Warb., K. insularis Merr., K. lenta Pierre ex Warb., K. mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr., K. nitida Mertr., K. peltata (Roxb.).Warb., K. pierrei Warb., K. siamensis Warb., K. stellata Merr., K. stenocarpa Warb., K. umbellata Warb., K. vidalii Warb., K. winkleri Merr. b. Binomials transferred from a synonym of one species to that of another species: —M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. formerly a synonym of K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. becomes a syn. of K. cinerea var. andamanica (Warb.) Sinclair. K. bicolor Raf., a syn. of K. corti- cosa Lour. becomes a syn. of K. globularia. c. Varieties not recognized as distinct and included in their species : —K. attenuata var. latifrons Warb., K. linifolia var. clarkei (King) Warb. d. Varieties transferred to another variety or species: —K. con- ferta var. tonkinensis Warb. becomes K. laurina (B1.) Warb. K. 104 Vol. XVII. (1961). glauca var. bancana Warb. becomes K. tometella (Miq.) Warb. K. glauca var. nicobarica Warb. becomes (1) K. cinerea var. an- damanica (Warb.) Sinclair and (2) K. laurina (B1.) Warb. K. inter- media var. minor Miq. becomes K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair. K. laurina var. minahassae Warb. becomes K. tomentella (Miq.) Warb. New Records The following are new records for the Malay Peninsula and are not described in my first paper “A Revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae”:—K. ashtonii and K. curtisii var. paludosa. K. globularia is now known from (1) Pulau Beras, Atjeh, Sumatra and also from (2) Pulau Karas in the Riouw Archipelago. Other Knema species in Borneo, previously known from only one region, are now known to occur in several of the Bornean terri- tories, thanks to the work of collectors such as Kostermans, Anderson, G. H. S. Wood and Ashton. For a complete account and discussion see under the section Geographical Distribution. Total Number of New Species In undertaking the revision of Knema the total number of new species, including those from the Malay Peninsula, described by me is 10, representing a percentage of 27 if the total number of species is reckoned as 37. This does not include the new varieties, nor K. stenophylla transferred from Gymnacranthera. We can say in general terms that a quarter of the species are new. It will be seen from the index that there are some 79 binomials under Knema. 42 of these are either synonyms or names which cannot be used. The latter figure represents a percentage of 53. Vernacular Names The common vernacular names used in Sumatra, Malaya, Java and Borneo such as chendarah, chendaharan, dara-dara, darahan, penara, pendarah, pendarahan and penarahan for Knema, are equally applicable to the other genera of the Myristicaceae and it is not necessary to repeat them under each species. Vernacular names are therefore given only when they differ from the above- mentioned. Geographical Distribution Numerical Assessment of the species in the Geographical Divisions Having now revised material from all areas, I am in a better position to give a more accurate and complete account of the dis- tribution of each species and to draw general conclusions than I 105 Gardens Bulletin, S. was in 1958, when the revision of the Malayan species only was published. The species composition of each geographical division is now shown. Endemic species are in bold type. MALAYSIAN SPECIES SUMATRA: K. cinerea vars. cordata, patentinervia f. paten- tinervia, var. rubens and var. sumatrana; K. conferta; K. curtisii vars. curtisii, arenosa and paludosa; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K. hookeriana; K. intermedia; K. latericia var. latericia; K. latifolia; K. laurina; K. mala- yana; K. mandaharan; K. scortechinii. Total 13 species including 6 vars. Endemic none. MALAY PENINSULA: XK. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata, patenti- nervia f. patentinervia, var. rubens and sumatrana; K. communis; K. conferta; K. curtisii vars. curtisii and paludosa; K. furfu- racea; K. globularia; K. hookeriana; K. inter- media; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. latericia var. latericia; K. laurina; K. malayana; K. mandaharan; K. oblongifolia vars. oblongi- folia and monticola; K. plumulosa; K. retusa; K. rigidifolia; K. scortechinii; K. stenophylla. Total 20 species including 6 vars. Endemic 5 species + 1 var. JAVA: K. cinerea var. sumatrana; K. intermedia; K. laurina. Total 3 species including 1 var. En- demic none. LESSER SUNDA K. cinerea wars. cinerea and sumatrana. Total ISLANDS: 1 species + 1 var. Endemic none. BORNEO: K. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata, patenti- nervia f. longipedicellata, vars. rubens and sumatrana; K. communis; K. conferta; K. curtisii vars. curtisii, amoena, arenosa, lingui- formis and paludosa; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea; K. galeata; K. intermedia; K. kinabaluensis; K. korthalsii; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. K. latericia vars. latericia, albifolia and lun- duensis; K. latifolia; K. laurina; K. membrani- folia; K. muscosa; K. pectinata; K. percoria- cea; K. rufa; K. uliginosa; K. woodii. Total 22 species including 9 vars, and 1 form. Endemic 10 species + 4 vars. and 1 form. PHILIPPINES: K. glomerata; K. korthalsii; K. kunstleri vars. kunstleri and surigaoensis; K. latericia var. latericia; K. tomentella. Total 5 species + 1 var. Endemic 1 ‘species and 1 var. CELEBES: K. cinerea var. cinerea; K. tomentella. Total 2 species. Endemic none. MOLUCCAS: K. cinerea var. cinerea; K. tomentella. Total 2 species. Endemic none. New GUINEA: K. tomentella. Total 1 species. Endemic none. 106 Vol. XVIII. (1961). EXTRA MALAYSIAN SPECIES CHINA: K. erratica; K. globularia. Total 2 species. En- demic none. FORMOSA: No Knema species has yet been found here. Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo & Masa- mune is not K. glomerata (Blanco) Merr. but Myristica cumingii Warb. One should look out for K. glomerata. INDIA: K. attenuata; K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. erratica; K. linifolia. Total 4 species in- cluding 1 var. Endemic 1 species. BURMA: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. erratica; K. glo- bularia; K. laurina; K. linifolia. Total 5 spe- cies including 1 var. Endemic none. ANDAMANS: K. cinerea var. andamanica. Total 1 species. Endemic none. NICOBARS: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. laurina. Total 2 species including 1 var. Endemic none. INDO-CHINA: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K. latericia var. latericia; K. lau- rina; K. linifolia. Total 6 species including 1 var. Endemic none. SIAM: K. cinerea vars. andamanica and sumatrana; K. erratica; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K. laurina; K. linifolia; K. malayana. Total 7 species including 2 vars. Endemic none. From a glance at this enumeration showing the number of species in each region, it will at once be seen, that the chief centre of distribution of Knema is in Borneo. The total number of species is given as 22. There is a second centre of distribution in the Malay Peninsula with 20 species and 6 varieties, and a third if we like to call it so in Sumatra where the number of species drops to 13 with 6 varieties. As we proceed eastwards the number of species falls off to 1 in New Guinea. Borneo also has the highest number of endemic species, namely 10 and 4 varieties, while there are now only 5 and 1 in the Malay Peninsula. These endemics, namely oblongifolia, plumulosa, retusa, stenophylla and rigidifolia are all ‘very distinct plants. In my first publication “A Revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae”, there were several more so-called “en- demics”’, but now after examining a great deal of extra material, the number has dwindled to 5 since many of them have turned up either in Sumatra or in Borneo. Also recent collections from Borneo have brought the number down. I have to stress once more the disadvantage of a local flora as against the superiority of one like Flora Malesiana embracing a wide area. Therefore, this present 107 Gardens Bulletin, S. paper should be used as a guide to the distribution of Knema as the information about it in the first account is now incomplete. It will also be seen that Sumatra contains no known endemics and that there are no Knema species there but which do not occur in the Malay Peninsula. This may not always be the case, but there is little or no botanical exploration undertaken in Sumatra at pre- sent. Distribution in the separate provinces of Malaya and in the territories of Borneo (a) Malay Peninsula In my first paper, in a section on page 210, entitled “Scope for future work” I stressed that records of species for the individual states in Malaya were still incomplete and expressed hope that some more might be obtained. The paper was completed and hand- ed to the press at the beginning of 1957. Since then, it is gratifying to announce that the following records have been obtained for the first time : — Kelantan, K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. patentinervia; com- munis; furfuracea; hookeriana and malayana. Trengganu, K. kun- stleri var. kunstleri. Selangor, K. curtisii var. curtisii. Negri Sem- bilan, K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; scortechinii and stenophylla. (b) Brunei I have found no records of any Myristicaceae from Brunei ever published, not even in Warburg’s monograph. Neither have I seen a single Knema in any herbaria collected by any field workers of the older generation. Obviously this is because this region was not explored botanically in the past. The only records of Knema are the ones of present day collectors, now published here. The majority of the specimens have been collected by P. S. Ashton but there are also a few others gathered by Anderson, Smythies, Sow, Whitmore, G. H. S. Wood and by myself when I went to Brunei and Sarawak in August 1960 to make a special study of Myri- Sticaceae in the field. The species and varieties now recorded for Brunei are listed here, but a few more may be expected to turn up. K. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata and sumatrana; K. curtisii vars.amoena and curtisii; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea; K. galeata; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. latericia var. latericia; K. latifolia; K- laurina; K. membranifolia; K. percoriacea and K. rufa. 108 Vol. XVII. (1961). (c) Sarawak Most of the records from Sarawak have been supplied by Beccari and J. A. R. Anderson. New additions are K. latericia var. lun- duensis by Purseglove and then by myself, K. percoriacea by myself. cinerea var. cordata and K. woodii by M. Jacobs (Leiden) and uliginosa by Anderson. K. pectinata was obtained by M. Jacobs with female flowers. It was originally known from a single gather- ing by Beccari with male flowers. I also found it in fruit on Matang. G. H. S. Wood discovered it in North Borneo in fruit. K. rufa was, found by me in fruit. It was previously obtained by Beccari only’ once when he collected it in flower. Such information as is given here about distribution and new records in Sarawak may soon be out of date. It is now possible to reach Gunong Gaharu (where I - collected recently) and beyond almost to the Indonesian border by - a new and good road. The total distance inland from Kuching is about 80 miles. It is sad and ‘regrettable to state that many of the forests in the immediate neighbourhood of Kuching, the locus classicus where Beccari obtained many types, have long ago dis- _ appeared. I cannot but shed a silent tear or curse the woodman and his master when I think of the future fate of tall stately denizens of the forest, some of which have taken 200 years or _ more to reach their present gigantic grandeur of 100 feet or more. Rarities like K. rufa may be no more and the commonest species may, even in time, become relics. | (d) British North Borneo ~ | Besides pectinata from British North Borneo, Wood and Wyatt-; Smith collected ashtonii. Onggib obtained galeata. : (e) East and North East Borneo In East and North East Borneo most of the new records are due to Kostermans and Endert. Kostermans obtained K. mem-: branifolia and woodii, while both of them at one time or another have collected conferta, galeata and latifolia. (f) South Borneo and West Borneo From South and South East Borneo come K. curtisii var. linguiformis and latericia var. latericia collected by Kostermans and uliginosa by Buwalda and Hubert Winkler. Little or nothing has come out of West Borneo since the days of Hallier, Teijsmann and Main, yet the slashing down of fresh forest continues at an alarming rate. 109 Gardens Bulletin, S. SO ‘puiauy snusds sy) jo uonnqiysig ‘| dep 3,00 3,001 3,0b 3,08 $,0T $01 YyoLynog ‘sdouUDD 3.091 110 Vol. XVIII. (1961). jussaidar usydAy ay} sa0qe 3,091 woLlynog”g 3.091 ‘sofoads JO JaquiNU [e}0} 94} MOjaq Jsoy) ‘sdIWApUd SHBIP SY] “suUOTdeI oJeIedss 9y) Ul MWaNy Jo UONNGISIG *z dye 3,0ou 3,001 3,0b 3,08 $,0T $0) 111 Gardens Bulletin, S. Polymorphic and Common Species The most polymorphic species of all is K. cinerea and its commonest variety is var. sumatrana. It is a matter of regret that the name of this plant has had to be changed from the well-known K. glaucescens var. glaucescens to cinerea var. sumatrana and that the varieties likewise have to be transferred to K. cinerea (see note under K. cinerea in the Systematic Part). This species being polymorphic, has a wide and interesting distribution. It occurs as var. andamanica in the Andamans, Nicobars, India, Burma, Indo- China, and northern Siam, but is replaced by var. sumatrana in southern Siam. The latter extends through the Malay Peninsula to Borneo, Sumatra, Banka, Java but stops abruptly in Bali. From Lombok to Timor Laut, it is replaced by the var. cinerea which is also found in Celebes and the Moluccas. It is interesting to note that Wallace’s line passes between Bali and Lombok. K. cinerea var. sumatrana is the most variable of all the varieties and perhaps I may have lumped too many forms into it such as some with narrow leaves. Perhaps K. geminata might have been separated from it as another variety or a form, on account of its smaller leaves and ridged fruit. I have included it in var. sumatrana as I have seen some specimens with a few large leaves and a greater number of small leaves on the same plant. The small leaves are in the majority, but anyhow the differences are slight. For distribu- tion of the remaining varieties of cinerea see under that species in the Systematic Part. K. laurina is another common species with a wide distribution extending from Lower Burma to the Nicobars, Indo-China, Siam, ~Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java (except East Java) and Borneo. There is some variation especially in the amount of tomentum of the leaves and in the size of the fruits but the forms grade into each other (see notes under that species). K. curtisii is polymorphic but apart from var. curfisii, its other varieties have a rather limited distribution. K. furfuracea occupies a wide range from Indo-China, to Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Riouw Archipelago and Borneo with- out very much variation. K. globularia also has a wide distribution, being one of the two species that extends as far north as China (Yunnan). It is usually a plant of rocky sea shores or small islands in Malaya and Lower Siam and is remarkably uniform without variation in spite of its range. In Indo-China and Yunnan it is found inland and these plants differ little or not at all from the Malayan, except, however, 112 Vol. XVII. (1961). for some specimens from the Col des Nuages near Tourane which have more coriaceous leaves and resemble K. cinerea var. andamanica. K. latericia has a somewhat curious distribution. It is not variable in Malaya where only the typical form exists. In Borneo there is some variation where two varieties as well as the typical one are to be found. The typical variety is common in Johore, Singapore and in Borneo and extends to Palawan in the Philip- pines. It is also found in Banka but not yet in the mainland of Sumatra. It has been recorded from Kedah and Perak, both single records and then jumps north over a huge gap and appears again at Mt Bana in Indo-China, also known from a single record. K. glomerata is widely spread throughout the Philippines from the islands in the extreme north to the Sulu Islands almost off the shores of British North Borneo. The supposed record from Formosa named Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo & Masamune is Myristica cumingii. There is some slight variation in width of leaves, size and hairiness of the flower. Such variation is reason- able on account of the range. In Borneo K. glomerata is replaced by the allied species K. korthalsii which also occurs in the southern portion of the Philippines in Palawan and Mindanao. Endemic Species The rarest of all Knema species was rufa, an endemic Bornean species, recorded from a single gathering only on Matang in Sarawak by Beccari, but in August 1960, I found it in two places in Sarawak and one in Brunei. Perhaps it has been overlooked and is not quite so rare after all. This is followed by K. muscosa collected twice by Clemens on Mt Majau, Sarawak in the moss forest. Also rare is K. pectinata, first obtained from Sarawak by Beccari and again by M. Jacobs at Mt Penrissen, Wood at Sipitang in British North Borneo and by myself on Matang in Sarawak. In the Malay Peninsula, K. retusa is known only from Gunong Bubu in Perak. It was collected once by King’s collector in May 1885 and not seen again until I collected it in October 1958 from two areas on the foot hills of G. Bubu. There were several trees seen. K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia also seems to be somewhat rare, known only from Perak and Selangor. Its variety monticola, although endemic on the higher mountains in Malaya is not rare. K. rigidifolia, also a mountain species, is apparently rare and con- fined to Fraser’s Hill and the Cameron Highlands in Pahang. The conclusions are that the majority of the rare species are endemics, but all endemics are not necessarily rare. Some of the common 113 Gardens Bulletin, S. endemics may have a very limited local distribution such as K. kinabaluensis on Mt Kinabalu only, while others have a fairly wide one such as K. elmeri, membranifolia and plumulosa. Mountain species While Knema and most of the Myristicaceae are trees of shady, lowland forest, there are several mountain species confined to the mossy forest from 920-1,540 m (3,000—5,000 feet). In Borneo we have as examples K. kinabaluensis, muscosa and pectinata. In Malaya the mountain species are K. oblongifolia var. monticola and K. rigidifolia. The mountain species have thicker leaves with distinct nerves and reticulations. The leaves of rigidifolia are extremely like those of kinabaluensis, the latter having slightly more oblique veins and are always acute at the base. Those of the former are often slightly thicker and the base sometimes rounded. In Sumatra, K. mandaharan ascends to 1,800 m, when it has smaller leaves and more distinct reticulations than in the typical lowland plants. Here again the leaves of such higher altitude specimens very closely resemble those of rigidifolia. In Malaya all records of mandaharan are from lowland forest. KEYS Three keys are given here. Key No. 1 is a scientific key showing the natural affinities of the species based on floral characters, vegetative characters being added wherever possible. The use of floral characters follows the same pattern as in the scientific key for Knema in my first paper with some modifications. The system is based on whether the stigma is sessile or stalked, few or many- lobed and the position of the bracteole on the pedicel. A skeleton key or outline skeleton to the system is given below. No. 2 is a general purpose key. The first part of it is based on the tomentum of the lower surface of the leaf and is entirely artificial, the remainder is also partly artificial with a good deal of stress on vegetative characters, but flowering and fruiting ones are also used as far as possible. Both keys No. 1 and 2 cover all the species in the genus. A third key for Bornean species only, is an abridged edition of the second. It is hoped that it may be of use to foresters in Borneo who may be concerned only with the species in their own area and who will not wish to wade through the longer keys. There will be less chance of their going astray in a shorter key, as Knema is a difficult genus with too many species which cannot in my opinion be covered by a key based on sterile characters alone. 114 Vol. XVII. (1961). Skeleton of system on which Key No. 2 is based a Stigma many-lobed (anthers sessile) Division I b Bracteole median c Bark tending to crack (hookeriana, Group furfuracea, la latericia, percoriacea = (twigs only flaking), elmeri and galeata) c Bark not tending to crack (pectinata, Group korthalsii, Ib glomerata and - woodii) b Bracteole at the base of the flower(plumulosa, Group intermedia, 2 mandaharan, rufa and uliginosa) a Stigma few-lobed c Division II d Style present . Sub-division [ e Bracteole at the base of the flower f Anthers sessile . (laurina, Group , oblongifolia, 3a globularia and attenuata) f Anthers stalked (retusa and Group ashtonii) 3b e Bracteole median. (Anthers sessile) (linifolia) Group (Anthers stalked) (no species) 4 d Style absent (bracteole median) Sub-division II g Anthers sessile h Anthers many (curtisii and Group membranifolia) 5 h Anthers few (latifolia) Group 6 115 Gardens Bulletin, S. g Anthers stalked i Anthers few (stenophylla, Group muscosa, Ta tomentella, kinabaluensis, rigidifolia and communis) i Anthers many (conferta, erratica, Group scortechinii, 7b kunstleri malayana and cinerea (bracteole at base of flower) (no combination and no species as yet known) Most species fall into Group 7 (stigmas few-lobed, style absent, anthers stalked). It will be seen that there is no combination next to linifolia of “style present, bracteole median and anthers stalked”. It will also be noticed in section (d), “style absent” that the bracteole is median and there is no sub-division “bracteole at base of flower’. Again in the first section (a) the anthers are all sessile. Perhaps if new species are discovered in Borneo they might fall into such missing sections. Difficulties in identifying species of Knema from the keys In the identification of Knema and other Myristicaceae, the student will meet with four kinds of material—(1) sterile, (2) male flowers, (3) female flowers and (4) fruit. Sterile material, as already pointed out, is difficult to name, but much of it can be identified from Key No. 2. If one has already seen all the 37 species of Knema and knows what they look like, the task of identification of sterile material can be satisfactorily accomplished; but to a systematist who has never seen a Knema in his life (even if he were an adept in the use of a key), the naming of sterile material would be a formidable problem. The dioecious condition makes the identification more difficult so a place has to be found in the key for both male and female flower characters. In fact as many contrasting, diagnostic characters as possible have been crammed into the keys, since there are so many places where the student may go astray, especially if some of the important stages are miss- ing in the material used for naming. The student will be glad to rely on all the available information the key can offer especially 116 Vol. XVII. (1961). When flowering and fruiting stages are missing. For this reason the keys have become lengthy and bulky. Their length is also due to the fact that more words have to be used in describing certain vegetative structures such as twigs, colour of leaves on drying or the structure of reticulations in contrast to other structures where short, concise phrases such as “pedicels 1—2 cm. long, leaves acute at the apex or leaves obtuse at the apex” can be used. Colour is best expressed by the use of the words light, medium and dark, thus :—fruit medium brown and not by fancy or vague terms such as fruit nut-brown. Extra phrases also have had to be inserted to cover aberrant specimens or variations of the phenotype. This leads us on to the mention of a fifth kind of material, one which could be of great danger to the beginner who may get side-tracked in using the key. This is material with immature flowers, fruits and leaves. The following conditions will show wherein the danger lies when an inexperienced student makes use of such material: —The flowers will be smaller and the colour of the perianth inside paler. Anthers may appear sessile when they are really stalked. They may be erect (no room for them to lie flat in the bud), later hori- zontal when the perianth expands, and finally decurved. The brac- teole may be at base of the perianth and only later will move with the elongation of the pedicel into a + median position, upsetting ones course in the use of the key (especially in Key No. 1). The stigma may appear sessile in the young stage and elongate later. Fruits may be tomentose when young and tomentulose to sub- glabrous later. Sufficient lengths of twigs should be collected to show the cracking of the bark,.a character of some significance, used in the key. Even if the bark does not crack, it is often different in appearance and colour in the older portions. Apical leaves are smaller than those lower down on the twig, and may show some kind of indumentum, absent in old leaves. Some range of measure- ments should be given in the key to cover all these deviations, e.g. “leaves 10-20 cm. long, average 14 cm.”. I have had to add other details to the keys to cover such aberrations and abnormalities, hereby further but unavoidably increasing their length. In spite of all these difficulties in identification enumerated, Knema has, in some respects, advantages over Horsfieldia and Myristica. The anthers in Knema are well-separated from each other and can be easily counted, but this cannot be said about the condition found in the other two genera where the anthers are adnate to the column and so closely packed that it is difficult to determine their exact number. Finally the Berlin material of Hors- fieldia and Myristica from New Guinea was destroyed during the 117 Gardens Bulletin, S. war. It contained a few types of which there appear to be no dupli- cates or isotypes in existence. In the case of Knema such a diffi- culty does not arise and no neotypes have had to be chosen since there is but a single species K. tomentella in New Guinea and the type of that species, originally from the Moluccas, is in Utrecht. It was first collected in New Guinea by Kostermans in 1948. Only one species from the Philippines, namely K. acuminata was destroyed at Manila and no duplicates have turned up. This species, however, seems to be identical with glomerata (see under that species in the Systematic Part). The Arrangement of the Species in Groups The relationship of certain species of Knema to others will be clearer after one has examined each species in turn. Some dif- ferences will be apparent early in the course of the study, and others later. Similarities have also to be carefully sought out and those who are not good at seeing them may tend to create too many species. The relation of one species to another depends chief- ly on its similarities and once this is understood the similar species can be grouped. I must confess that the construction of the scien- tific key No. 1 taught me many things about Knema which I had failed to observe earlier. I was in doubt where to place K. attenuata and thought that it was near to cinerea or was even a variety of cinerea. When I made a key the relation was unmistakably with globularia. In fact it is a larger edition of globularia and I am sur- prised that I did not see the similarity earlier. Also the key showed that K. woodii was much closer to glomerata than was at first en- visaged. It too, became clear that K. mandaharan should be placed next to intermedia, and ashtonii with retusa. From the scientific key (see skeleton key) seven groups became apparent. I have not given these groups any general or special name such as section, sub-section, series, etc. By comparing the groups with those on page 261 of my first paper, it will be seen that the arrangement or relationship of the species within the groups is essentially the same except that K. retusa has now been removed from its position of alliance with intermedia, plumulosa and mandaharan and placed in Group 3a. At that time no flowers of retusa were available to me so I could only make a guess regarding its group. In the first paper there are five groups, but two extra ones have been added for K. linifolia and latifolia, species outside Malaya which were not studied at that. time. 118 Vol. XVII. (1961). Anther numbers in Knema I have had to refer to anther numbers so often, both in identify- ing species and in constructing the keys, that it would be con- venient for future use and would save time, if they were all listed together in one place and on one page. I give these now, also stating whether the anthers are sessile or stalked. Sessile anthers K. attenuata 9-13 (average 13); curtisii and vars 20-25; elmeri 10-12 (average 10); erratica 10-13 (average 13), King says stalked. Those I saw were probably young. They fit into key best as stalked; furfuracea 10-13; galeata 18-20; globularia 10-13; glomerata 8-13; (average 11); hookeriana 15—18-(20); intermedia 12-15 (average 13); korthalsii 13-20 (average 18), nearly sessile; /atericia and vars 9-12, very shortly stalked but fit in key best as sessile; latifolia 3; laurina 6-11 (average 8); linifolia 13-18; membranifolia 18-23; mandaharan 13-17; oblongifolia vars oblongifolia and monticola 6-10; pectinata 14, sub-sessile; percoriacea 14-17; plumulosa 13-15; rufa 12-15, sub-sessile; uliginosa 12, shortly stalked or nearly sessile; woodii 18-23. Stalked anthers K. ashtonii 11-13, shortly stalked; cinerea var. cinerea 11-14 (average 13), var. andamanica 10-13, var. cordata 13, var. patentinervia 10-13, var. rubens 7-12, var. sumatrana 12-17 (average 14); communis 7-9; conferta 13-18; kinabaluensis 7-10, very shortly stalked; Kunstleri 9-12; malayana 9-13; muscosa 6-8: rigidifolia 12-15 (probably stalked, I saw very young flower buds): retusa 15, shortly stalked; scortechinii 10-14; stenophylla 6-8; tomentella 6-9. It will be seen that sessile anthers are in the majority and that the smallest number is 3 (latifolia) and the largest 25 (curtisii). A Recent Publication In 1959 the Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2nd edition, vol. 17a II appeared with a treatment on Myristicaceae by J. C. Th. Uphof, pages 177-220. Knema is dealt with briefly on pages 217-220. The outstanding features and the geographical distribution of the species mentioned are given. Scope for future work Very little is known about the general biology, germination, growth-rate, pollination, fertilization, leaf anatomy, and chromo- some numbers. Some of these problems might be tackled with some profit by honours students in Botany at Universities or by post-graduates. It would be interesting to know if a comparative study on leaf anatomy would have any bearing on systematics, and 119 Gardens Bulletin, S. if sterile material could thus be identified on results obtained. In Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) 209, I listed certain Malay Peninsula species, the descriptions of which are not yet quite complete, mentioning the parts, organs or characters still needed so that future workers can look for such species and supply information on what is missing. I have indicated here similar missing characters for the Bornean species. I have to state with satisfaction that some of the missing information has now been obtained for 4 of the Malay Peninsula species mentioned in the above publication. The following list will show what has been gained. K. cinerea var. cordata. Female flowers now seen. Perianth fragrant, coriaceous, rusty-tomentulose outside, cream inside, obovoid or turbinate, 5—6 mm. long; ovary chocolate-tomentose, ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, stigma sessile, bi-lobed and each lobe again divided into 3-4 lobes; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a median bracteole. Fruit orange when ripe; seed dark brown. K. cinerea var. patentinervia. Bark characters now obtained from a tree at Mawai-Kuala Sedili new road, Johore, Sinclair 10164 (A, B, BM, E, K, L, M, NY, SAN, SING.) Bark rusty-brown, flaking in thin strips. K. retusa. Bark, male and female flowers now seen. For descrip- tion see systematic part. I went specially to the locus classicus at Gunong Bubu in October 1959 to obtain information on the above -and was rewarded by finding several trees. K. scortechinii. Female flowers now seen. Perianth coriaceous, rusty-tomentulose, oblong-obovoid, 5 mm. long; ovary sub-globose, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. in diam.; stigma bi-lobed each lobe again bifid; pedicels 8 mm.—1.2 cm. long with a median bracteole. Bornean Species Parts unknown or wanted Name K. ashtonii 5 .. Female flowers imperfectly known (immature ). K. curtisii var. amoena Female flowers and fruit unknown. K. curtisii var. arenosa .. Fruit unknown. K. curtisii var. linguiformis .. Fruit unknown. K. korthalsii ay .. Bark characters. K. membranifolia .. .. Female flowers unknown. K. muscosa $y .. Female flowers and bark characters unknown. K. pectinata _ .. Female flowers unknown. K. rufa pe .. Female flowers unknown. K. uliginosa be .. Female flowers imperfectly known. Bark characters unknown. K. woodii £65 .. Fruit unknown. 120 Vol. XVII. (1961). From this list it will be seen that female flowers in many cases: are still wanted. Flowers in Knema and in the other genera too,,. are small and less conspicuous than fruit and may escape the notice of collectors. They often drop off or get knocked off from specimens in the process of drying or changing the paper in the press, so many duplicates arrive without a single flower. If some spirit is not handy at the time of collecting, then a few extra flowers should be picked off the tree and put into a paper packet to ensure no loss, even though the duplicate receives much handling. Acknowledgements I have to thank all the curators and keepers of herbaria for sending me specimens on loan or permitting me to work in their institutions. I have also to thank the late Dr. Chatterjee of the Calcutta Botanic Garden for allowing me to work there in October 1959 when the Department was closed for two weeks due to the annual Durga Puja holidays and am very grateful to Dr. S. K. Mukerjee, the Curator, who gave up part of his holiday to open the herbarium and be present during the week spent there. Special thanks is due to Prof. van Steenis for advice and encouragement and for sending me abstracts from books and other essential literature not available in Singapore. I am greatly indebted to Messrs. J. A. R. Anderson and B. E. SmythieS of the Sarawak Forest Department and to Inche Yakin bin Long of the Brunei Forest Department for supplying transport and Dyak tree climbers * during my visit to Borneo. Finally I must thank Mr. H. M. Burkill, Director, Botanic Gardens Singapore, for granting me time off from other duties to complete this revision. KEY No. 1 (Scientific key showing natural affinities and based mostly on floral structure) a. Stigma many-lobed, sessile (lobes 8—12). The stigma is really bi-lobed and each lobe again divided into 4—6 smaller lobes or serrations. (Anthers sessile, very shortly stalked in latericia) b. Bracteole of pedicel + median [AIl generally large-leaved plants, leaves 30 cm. or more long except latericia, elmeri and glomerata]. Flowers generally red or dark red inside c. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack and flake. (not always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs. are present; may not always be visible in Jatericia: 121 Gardens Bulletin, S. because of the thin bark and slender twigs, or in galeata the twigs of which are not fissured in the apical parts) d. Bark tending to crack in the apical as well as in the older parts. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or not at the base. Male flowers not mitriform in bud. Anthers 9-18, rarely 20 e. Young petioles, tips of twigs, flowers, pedi- cels and fruit all densely covered with pale yellowish-brown wool, the hairs up to 5 mm. long. Anthers 15—18—(20 rarely). Male flowers 1 cm. long, male pedicels 1-2 cm. long; female flowers 1.7—-2 cm. long (the largest in the genus); female pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 4.5-8 cm. long and 3-4.5 cm. broad; stalk 1 cm. long (13) K. hookeriana e. Young petioles, tips of twigs, the flowers, pedicels and fruit tomentose, not lanose, the tomentum much shorter. Leaves cordate or not at the base, Anthers 9-13. Male flowers, female flowers, pedicels, fruit and fruit-stalk all smaller f. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at the tips of the twigs) 10-50 cm. long and 3-14 cm. broad, cordate at the base; nerves 24—35 pairs. Male flowers pale yellowish-brown outside, 6-7 mm. long; female same colour, 1 cm. long. Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long, female flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels 2 mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown, sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5-4.5 cm. long and 2—3 cm. broad; stalk 4—5 mm. long (9) K. furfuracea f. Leaves smaller, 12-32 cm. long and 3—8.5 cm. broad, (sometimes larger in latericia var. lunduensis) not cordate at the base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male flowers reddish-brown or pale brown outside, 5-6 mm. long; female same colour, 6-9 mm. long. Male pedicels 3-4 mm. long (5-7 mm. in elmeri), 122 Vol. XVIII. (1961). female 4 mm. long or flowers sessile. Fruit reddish-brown tomentose, ob- ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 1.7—3.5 cm. long and 1.2—2.5 cm. broad, sessile or on a very short stalk. g. Bark of trunk longitudinally striate. Twigs 4—6 mm. thick at the apex. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male flowers 5—6 mm. in diam., female 8-9 mm. long. Male pedicels 2 mm. thick and female 4 mm. thick. Tomentum of flowers with hairs 1-2 mm. long. Anthers 14~-17. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad 3 (28) K. percoriacea g. Bark of trunk flaking irregularly, not longitudinally striate. Twigs 2—3 mm. thick at the apex (except in var. lunduensis). Leaves thinly coriaceous, slightly smaller (except in var. lunduensis). Male flowers. 5 mm. in diam., female 6 mm. long. Male pedicels 1 mm. thick, female flowers sessile. Tomentum. . Of flowers 0.5 mm. long or less (longer in var. /unduensis). Anthers: 9-12. Fruit oblong, obovoid- ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.7—2.5 cm. long and 1.2—1.5 cm. broad (larger in var. lunduensis) h. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceo- late, glabrous beneath; nerves: reddish-brown beneath when dry. Flowers reddish-brown- tomentose outside (pale brown in var. albifolia). Male pedi- cels 3-4 mm. long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obovoid, rusty- tomentose (18) K. latericia and its vars: —v bo 2 Gardens Bulletin, S. h. Leaves oblong or _ oblong- elliptic, covered with silvery _or pale brown stellate scales beneath; nerves not reddish- brown beneath when dry. Flowers pale brown-tomentu- lose outside. Male pedicels 5—7 mm. long. Staminal disc, convex, umbrella-shaped. Fruit oblong, shortly toment- ulose (7) K. elmeri d. Bark tending to crack in the older portions only, consisting of a smooth, glabrous, reddish-brown portion at 3-4 cm. below the furfuraceous apex and then the older greyish-brown flaking por- tion. Leaves not widest at the middle, but the sides nearly parallel, not cordate at the base. Flowers mitriform in bud (this character not apparent in very young buds). Anthers 18-20 (10) K. galeata c. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake i. Nerves 40—52 pairs, (more numerous than in any other species of Knema). Sides of leaf nearly parallel. Flowers tomentulose outside. Fruit flanged along the line of suture (27) K. pectinata I. Nerves 12—40 pairs. Sides of leaf nearly parallel or not. Flowers tomentulose or tomentose out- side. Fruit not flanged along the line of suture (not seen in woodii) j. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex, black- ish in patches, greyish lower down. Leaves often drying dark grey above, their margins nearly parallel; nerves 23-30 pairs. Flowers tomentulose outside. Staminal disc flat, triangular with 18-23 anthers (37) K. woodii j. Twigs not angled at the rusty-furfuraceous apex, grey, straw-coloured or reddish-brown lower down. Leaves usually drying an olive- green above, their margins sometimes nearly parallel, but most often widest at the middle; 124 Vol. XVIH, (1961). nerves 12—40 pairs. Flowers tomentose out- side. Staminal disc convex and circular in outline with 8—18-(20) anthers k. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic, elliptic- lanceolate or lanceolate, sometimes lobed (heterophyllous); nerves 12-20: pairs, average 16. Twigs 2 mm. thick at or near the apex. Male flowers 3—4 mm. long and 5 mm. broad in bud, 7-8 mm. across when expanded; female flowers 5 mm. long. Male pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers 8-13, average 11 (12) K. glomerata k. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, oblong or oblong-obovate and narrowed to the base, not elliptic (the sides some- times parallel), not heterophyllous; nerves 20-40 pairs. Twigs slightly thicker, 3—4 mm. thick at or near the apex. Male flowers slightly larger, 3—5 mm. long and 6—7 mm. broad, 1 cm. across when expanded; female flowers 8 mm.—1 cm. long. Male pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13—18-(20), average 18 (16) K. korthalsii b. Bracteole at base of flower [Leaves not so large as in the preceding group, 11-30 cm. long, except mandaharan.] [Anthers sessile, shortly stalked or sessile in plumulosa]. Flowers generally cream, pale yellow or pale pink inside Il. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, 11-30 cm. long, nerves 12—22 pairs m. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Staminal disc convex or mammillate; connectives not pro- duced beyond the apices of the anthers. Fruit covered with short tomentum, hairs 0.5—1 mm. long (except in plumulosa) n. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and also the flowers, pedicels and fruit covered with dark, rusty wool, the hairs 2 mm. long. Male flowers 6—7 mm. long; female 1 cm. long, female pedicels 3-4 mm. long and 4-5 mm. thick. Perianth persistent in fruit (29) K. plumulosa 125 Gardens Bulletin, S. n. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and also the flowers, pedicels and fruit covered with very short, rusty scurf, not lanose. Male flowers 4-6 mm. long; female 7-8 mm. long, female pedicels 7-8 mm. long (3-4 mm. in uliginosa). Perianth not persistent in fruit o. Twigs mostly reddish-brown, greyish in the older parts. Reticulations of leaves close and distinct above (faint or dis- tinct in mandaharan). Flower buds not depressed in the centre when dry. Male pedicels 5 mm —1 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid or oblong, 3—4.5 cm. long and 1.8-3.5 cm. broad, tomentose or covered with stellate scurf which rubs off, stalk 5 mm.—1.2 cm. long p. Leaves coriaceous, 11—22—(30) cm. long, acute or rounded at the base; nerves 12-22 pairs. Twigs 2-3 mm. thick at the apex. Male pedicels 7-8 mm. long. Staminal disc mammillate. Fruit ellipsoid, covered with short rusty-stellate scurf, 3-4 cm. long and 1.8—2.2 cm. broad; stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm. long and 2—3 mm. thick (14) K. intermedia p. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 17-30 cm. long in young apical leaves or in some specimens from higher altitudes (normal or mature leaves 30-60 cm. long), rounded at the base; nerves 22-26 pairs. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex. Male pedicels 4 mm. long (probably slightly immature). Staminal disc flat or slightly convex. Fruit ob- long, larger, 3—4.5 cm. long and 3—3.5 cm. broad, and more den- sely tomentose with hairs up to 1 mm. long; stalk 5-7 mm. long, stout, 5 mm. thick (23) K. mandaharan 126 Vol. XVII. (1961). o. Twigs reddish-brown at the extreme apex only, pale greyish lower down in the younger and older parts. Reticu- lations of leaves less dense or dis- tinct above. Flower buds _ often depressed in the centre when dry. Male pedicels 5-6 mm. long. Fruit sub- globose or slightly obovoid, rusty- tomentose, 1.8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk 4 mm. long (36) K. uliginosa m. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal disc flat — or concave; connectives produced beyond the apices of the anthers on dehiscing. Fruit sparsely covered with : mm. jong, shining, rusty-brown hairs (31) K. rufa I, Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 30-60 cm. long (young ones at the tips of twigs often smaller, 17-30 cm. long); nerves 22-26 pairs (23) K. mandaharan a. Stigma few-lobed (lobes 2-6). The stigma is bi-lobed and each lobe again divided into 2—3 lobes or serrations q. Style present, length 1.5-2 mm. long r. Bracteole at the base of the flower. Anthers stalked or sessile. Male pedicels 3~7 mm. long and 1-1.8 cm. long in retusa and ashtonii. Fruit-stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long except in Jaurina which is sessile or 2-3 mm. long s. Anthers sessile. Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath t. Leaves covered with stellate hairs beneath; veins sunk above, best seen near the base (20) K. laurina t. Leaves glabrous beneath; veins raised above u. Leaves drying green or brown, 15-43 cm. long and 4—16 cm. broad, oblong, oblanceolate or (narrowly oblong to lanceolate in oblongifolia var. monti- cola), base rounded or cordate, acute or less often rounded in var. monticola; nerves 18-30 pairs; midrib usually not 92 beg Gardens Bulletin, S. striate beneath; reticulations scalari- form. Twigs angled and furfuraceous at the apex, smooth and reddish-brown lower down. Anthers 6—8. Fruit obo- void, 2—2.3 cm. long and 1.5—2 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm. long v. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, oblong- lanceolate or oblanceolate, 20—43 cm. long, average 33 cm. and 9- 16 cm. broad, average 11 cm., base rounded or cordate; nerves about 30 pairs. Male pedicels 6-8 mm. long (26) K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia v. Leaves coriaceous (mountain plants), lanceolate, shorter and narrower, 15—25 cm. long and 4— 7 cm. broad; base acute or less often rounded; nerves 18—25 pairs. Male pedicels absent or very short, 1 mm. long (26) K. oblongifolia var. monticola u. Leaves drying an olive-green above, sometimes with a blackish or dark green metallic lustre, generally smaller and narrower than in var. oblongifolia, yet broad in some specimens of atten- uata, 8-32 cm. long and 1.5—11 cm. broad, base mostly acute, less often rounded; nerves 12—20 pairs; midrib striate beneath when dry; reticulations fine and close. Twigs not usually angled at the furfuraceous apex, dark brown or blackish and finely striate lower down. Anthers 9-13. Fruit not obovoid, but sub-globose, oblong or ellipsoid, 1.5-3 cm. long and 1.3-1.6. cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long w. Leaves chartaceous, seldom coria- ceous except in some mountain forms from Indo-China, lanceolate: to oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 cm. 128 Vol. XVIII. (1961). long and 1.5—5 cm. broad; reticu- lations fine on both surfaces; petiole 8 mm—1 cm. long. Male flowers 3 mm. long in bud, rusty- tomentose. Fruit sub-globose, 1.5- 2 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad (11) K. globularia w. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 13-32 cm. long (average 18 cm) and 4.5-11 cm. broad (average 6 cm.); reticu- lations slightly more _ distinct especially above; petiole 1-1:5 cm. long. Male flowers 4-5 mm. long in bud, rusty-lanose (hairs longer, about 0.5 mm. long). Fruit ‘ oblong or ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm. broad (2) K. attenuata s. Anthers stalked. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath (scales tending to dis- appear in ashtonii on drying) x. Twigs not angled at the apex, coarsely striate lower down. Leaves 35-60 cm. long, obtuse or retuse at the apex, scales on lower sur- face persisting; nerves 16—24 pairs, well- spaced, 2-4 cm. apart. Staminal disc con- cave or flat. Fruit ovoid, 5—6 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, slightly beaked at the apex (30) K. retusa x. Twigs angled at the apex, scarcely or not striate lower down. Leaves 30—42 cm. long, scales shed later and surface white and very closely reticulate beneath; nerves 22-35 pairs, closer together, 1-1.5 cm. apart. Staminal disc convex. Fruit obovoid, 5—7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, obtuse at the apex (1) K. ashtonii r. Bracteole median. Anthers sessile. Male pedicels 1.2— 1.5 cm. long. Fruit sessile or stalk very short, 2-3 mm. long. (A Himalayan species with lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate leaves, 15—40 cm. long) (21) K. linifolia 129 Gardens Bulletin, S. q. Style absent, stigmas sessile. (Bracteole median) y. Anthers sessile. Twigs glabrous z. Anthers many, 17—25. Twigs usually pale straw- coloured or at least in parts, smooth, not striate (occasionally a few faint striations may be pre- sent in the older parts). Leaves drying an olive or yellowish-green above aa, Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle (spathulate, lanceolate, obovate or lingui- form in some of the varieties) length up to 14.5 cm. (small leaves in var. arenosa and var. paludosa); petiole up to 1.2 cm. long. Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth puberu- lous outside. Staminal disc triangular with the anthers touching each other laterally. Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1—-1.3 cm. long (6) K. curtisii and its vars aa. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not elliptic nor widest at the middle, length 12-25 cm.: petiole 1.5—2.5 cm. long. Bark of twigs oc- casionally flaking in the oldest parts. Perianth nearly glabrous outside. Staminal disc circular with well-spaced anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or almost sessile, stalk when present 3-5 mm. long (24) K. membranifolia z. Anthers few, 3 only, 1 at each angle of the triang- ular staminal disc. Twigs brown, not pale straw- coloured, smooth at the apex but striate lower down. Leaves drying dark brown or blackish above with a metallic lustre (19) K. latifolia y. Anthers stalked. Twigs usually rusty-tomentulose at the apex bb. Anthers few, 6-10 (12-15 in rigidifolia). Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long cc. Leaves 1—4 cm. broad, reticulations invisible or distinct above. Fruit 1.8 cm. long and 1 cm. broad dd. Reticulations invisible or very faint above. Flowers _ rusty-tomentulose. 130 Vol. XVIII. (1961). Male flowers 2—2.5 mm. long. Male pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Female flowers 2-2.5 mm. long. Female pedicels 3 mm. long (34) K. stenophylla dd. Reticulations distinct above and below forming a close, dense network. Flowers rusty-tomentose with stellate and dendroid hairs. Male flowers 4 mm. long. Male pedicels 2—3 mm. long. Female not seen (25) K. muscosa cc. Leaves 2.5—8.5 cm. broad; reticulations dis- tinct. Fruit 1.8-4 cm. long and 1—2.5 cm. broad, obovoid, oblong or sub-globose ee. Twigs coarsely striate. Leaves drying a medium brown above, nerves oblique, very prominent above as are the reti- culations; lower surface not covered with rusty-stellate scales when young. Fruit-stalk 3-8 mm. long or fruit sessile ff. Leaves coriaceous. Anthers 6-10. Fruit oblong or obovoid; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long gg. Leaves glabrous _ beneath; - perves very oblique. Male flowers tomentulose. Fruit oblong, tomentulose, strongly ridged along the line of suture, 3.5-4 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad (15) K. kinabaluensis gg. Leaves glabrous beneath or when young covered with rusty-stellate hairs (not scales) on the midrib and nerves; nerves slightly less oblique. Male flowers densely tomen- tose with stellate and dendroid hairs. Fruit obovoid, tomen- tose, not ridged along the line of suture, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. in diam (35) K. tomentella 131 Gardens Bulletin, S. fj. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Anthers 12-15. Fruit sub-globose, 3 cm. in diam. (not ridged along line of suture), sessile or with a 3 mm. long stalk (31) K. rigidifolia ee. Twigs finely striate. Leaves drying a dark brown above or sometimes dark green; nerves less oblique and less pro- minent; reticulations less prominent; lower surface covered with rusty scales when young. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1—-1.5 cm. long (4) K. communis -bb, Anthers more numerous, 9-18, average number about 13. Male pedicels longer, 6 mm.—1.5 cm. long, (3-4 mm. in cinerea var. rubens) hh. Leaves covered with some kind of tomentum beneath, persisting or not ii. Leaves with stellate hairs beneath, the tomentum persisting or disappearing except on the lower midrib jj. Leaves coriaceous, base rounded or cordate, sides not always parallel, sometimes widest at the middle; reticulations very prominent; tomentum persisting. Male flowers in dense clusters. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13-18. Fruit ovoid, tomentulose, 3.5—4 cm. long and 2—2.5 cm. broad (5) K. conferta Ji. Leaves thinly coriaceous, base acute or rounded, not cordate, sides nearly parallel; reticulations less prominent; tomentum persisting al- together or remaining on the lower midrib only. Male flowers 1-4 in a cluster. Male pedicels 7 mm. long. Anthers 10-13, average 13. Fruit ellipsoid, tomentose when young, the tomentum shedding later, 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad (8) K. erratica 132 Vol. XVII. (1961). ii. Leaves covered with rusty scales when young only (33) K. scortechinii hh. Leaves glabrous beneath kk. Twigs striate right up to the apex ex- cept in scortechinii. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate ll. Leaves coriaceous, 18—28 cm. long, lanceolate, drying dark brown above; nerves 18—28 pairs; reticu- lations forming a dense network, prominent above and below. Male pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long. Anthers 10-14. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5—3 -em. long and 2—2.3 cm. broad . | (33) K. scortechinii ll. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 9-19 cm. long, elliptic, drying greenish or yellowish-green above; nerves 7—14 pairs except in var. surigaoensis; reticulations forming a dense net- work, very prominent above and below. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 9-14. Fruit ellipsoid to sub-globose, 2—2.5 cm. long and “1.5 cm. broad (17) K. kunstleri and its vars kk. Twigs not striate right up to the apex. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong mm. Twigs reddish brown. Leaves membranous, greenish-brown with a blackish tinge above when dry; reticulations fine but distinct on: both surfaces, forming a close network. Male pedicels 1—-1.5 cm. long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obo- void, 1.5 cm. long and 1—1.2 cm. broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long (22) K. malayana 133 Gardens Bulletin, S. mm. Twigs greyish or greyish with black patches here and there (some brownish-black patches in var. cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, brownish or greenish above when dry; reticula- tions fainter or sometimes scarcely visible above, but quite distinct in var. andamanica and vat. cordata. Male pedicels shorter, usually 5 mm.—1 cm. long (3—4 mm. long in var. rubens). Staminal disc slightly convex. Fruit mostly oblong but also sub-globose (see under vars for shapes and sizes) (3) K. cinerea and its vars KEY NovZ «a. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath, especially when young, scales persisting in K. elmeri and retusa, but tending to disappear in ashtonii on drying b. Lamina 30-60 cm. long. Male pedicels 1-1.8 cm. long with the bracteole at the apex. Anthers shortly stalked. Fruit large, 5-7 cm. long and 3-5 cm. broad c. Twigs not angled at the apex, coarsely striate lower down. Leaves obtuse or retuse at the apex; nerves 16-24 pairs, well-spaced, 2—4 cm. apart. Staminal disc concave or flat. Fruit slightly beaked at the apex (30) K. retusa c. Twigs angled at the apex, scarcely or not striate lower down. Leaves rounded and then apiculate at the apex, rarely obtuse; nerves 22-35 pairs, closer to- gether, 1-1.5 cm. apart. Staminal disc convex. Fruit obtuse at the apex (1) K. ashtonii 5b. Lamina 12—22-(30) cm. long. Male pedicels 4 mm.—1.2 cm. long with a + median bracteole. Anthers sessile or stalked. Fruit smaller, 2.5-3 cm. long and 2-—2.5 cm. broad d. Twigs angled, their bark pale greyish-brown, tending to crack or flake. Leaves drying a medium brown above, sometimes with a greenish tinge; indumentum 134 Vol. XVI. (1961). of lower surface persisting. Anthers 10-12, sessile; disc convex. Female flowers sessile, both sexes pale brown outside, scarlet inside. Fruit stalk 2—5 mm. long (7) K. elmeri d. Twigs terete, their bark reddish-brown or dark greyish, finely striate, and not tending to crack. Leaves drying a darker brown, blackish-brown or greenish-brown above; indumentum of lower surface not persisting. Anthers 7—14, stalked; disc flat. Female flowers on a 5 mm. long pedicel, both sexes reddish-brown outside, cream-coloured or pink inside. Fruit stalk 1—-1.5 cm. long e. Leaves 16-30 cm. long (average 20 cm.) and 4.56 cm. broad. Male flowers cream-coloured inside, 5 mm. in diam.; pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long. Anthers 10—14. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5—3 cm. long and 2—2.3 cm. broad (33) K. scortechinii e. Leaves similar in texture but smaller, 6—25 cm. long and 2.5—7 cm. broad. Male flowers pink inside, 2-3 mm. in diam.; pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Anthers 7—9. Fruit obovoid, smaller, 1.8 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad (4) K. communis a, Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath, glaucous or brownish beneath when dry f. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose beneath with stellate hairs g. Twigs usually striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf raised above. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long (ex- cept in tomentella) with a median bracteole. Female pedicels 5 mm. long. Anthers stalked (sessile in erratica) 13-18. Fruit-stakk 5 mm.—l1 cm. long h. Pubescence of leaves persisting. Leaves sometimes slightly cordate at the base. Male flowers very numerous in the cluster. Fruit tomentulose or shortly tomentose, 3.5-4 cm. long and 2-2.5 cm. broad (5) K. conferta 135 Gardens Bulletin, S. h. Pubescence of leaves not persisting except on midrib and nerves, becoming quite glabrous in tomentella. Leaves not cordate at the base. Male flowers 1—4 in a cluster. Fruit tomentose, slightly smaller, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8—2 cm. broad i. Leaves coriaceous, sides not parallel. Male and female pedicels 3 mm. long. Anthers 6-9, stalked. Fruit obovoid, tomentum per- sisting, hairs less than 1 mm. long (35) K. tomentella i. Leaves thinly coriaceous, sides nearly parallel. Male pedicels 7 mm. long. Anthers 10-13, average 13, sessile. Fruit ellipsoid, toment- um shed later, hairs 1 mm. long (8) K. erratica g. Twigs not striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf sunk above (especially at base of leaf). Male pedicels 3-5 mm. long with bracteole at base of perianth. Female flowers sessile. Anthers 7-8 (11 rarely). Fruit-stalk 2—5 mm. long (20) K. laurina f. Leaves glabrous beneath j. Stigma 8—12-lobed. style absent or very short k. Bracteole of pedicels + median. Nerves nu-. merous, 20-52 pairs (except in latericia and glomerata. All large-leaved species, i.e. over 30 cm. and up to 65 cm. long except in J/atericia and glomerata). Flowers mostly red or pink in- side I. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack and flake (not always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs are present; may not always be visible in latericia because of its thin bark and slender twigs) m. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or not at the base. Bark tending to crack in the apical as well as in the older parts. Male flowers not mitriform in: bud. Anthers 9-18, rarely 20 136 Vol. XVIII. (1961). _n. Young petioles, tips of twigs, flowers, pedicels and fruit all den- sely covered with pale yellowish- brown wool, the hairs up to 5 mm. long. Anthers 15—18—(20 rarely). Male flowers 1 cm. long, male pedicels 1-2 cm. long; female flowers 1.7—2 cm. long (the largest in the genus), female pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 4.5-8 cm. long and 3-4.5 cm. broad; stalk 1 cm. long (13) K. hookeriana n. Young petioles, tips of twigs, the flowers, pedicels and fruit toment- ose, not lanose, the tomentum ‘ much shorter. Leaves cordate or not at the base. Anthers 9-13. Male and female flowers, pedicels, fruit and fruit-stalk all smaller o. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at the tips of the twigs), 10-50 cm. long and 3-14 cm. broad, cordate at the base; nerves 24-35 pairs. Male flowers pale yellowish-brown outside, 6-7 mm. long; female same colour, 1 cm. long. Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long, fe- male flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels 2 mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown, sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5—4.5 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad; stalk 4—5 mm. long (9) K. furfuracea o. Leaves smaller, 12—32 cm. long and 3-7 cm. broad, (some- times larger in Jatericia var. lunduensis) not cordate at the base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male flowers reddish brown outside (pale brown in Jatericia var. 137 138 Gardens Bulletin, S. albifolia) 5-6 mm. long; fe- male same colour, 6-9 mm. long. Male pedicels 3-4 mm. long, female 4 mm. long or sessile. Fruit reddish-brown, tomentose, obovoid or oblong- ellipsoid, 1.7-3.5 cm. long and 1.5—2.5 cm. broad, sessile p. Bark of trunk longitudinal- ly striate. Twigs 4-6 mm. thick at the apex. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male flowers S-6 mm. in diam.; female 8—9 mm. long. Male pedicels 2 mm. thick and female 4 mm. thick. Tomentum of flowers with hairs 1-2 mm. long. Anthers 14— 17. Fruit oblong-ellip- soid, 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad (28) K. percoriacea p. Bark of trunk flaking irre- gularly, not longitudinally striate. Twigs 2-3 mm. thick at the apex (ex- cept in var. lunduensis). Leaves thinly coriaceous, slightly smaller (except in var. lunduensis). Male flowers 5 mm. in diam., female 6 mm. long. Male pedicels 1 mm. thick, fe- male flowers _ sessile. Tomentum of flowers 0.5 mm. long or less (longer in var. lunduensis). Anthers 9-12. Fruit obo- void, 1.7 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad (larger in var. lunduensis) (18) K. latericia and its vars Vol. XVIII. (1961). m. Leaves not widest at the middle, but the sides nearly parallel, not cordate at the base. Bark tending to crack in the older portions only, consisting of a smooth, reddish-brown portion at 3-4 cm. be- low the furfuraceous apex and then the older greyish-brown flaking portion. Flowers mitriform in bud (this char- acter not apparent in very young buds). Anthers 18~20 (10) K. galeata l. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake q. Nerves 40—52 pairs, (more numerous than in any other species of Knema). Sides of leaf nearly parallel. Flowers tomentulose outside. Fruit flanged along thé line of suture (27) K. pectinata q. Nerves 12-40 pairs. Sides of leaf nearly parallel or not. Flowers tomentulose or tomentose outside. Fruit not flanged along the line of suture (not seen in woodii) r. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex, blackish in patches, greyish lower down. Leaves often drying dark grey above, their margins ‘nearly parallel; nerves 23-30 pairs. Flowers tomentulose out- side. Staminal disc flat, triangular with 18—23 anthers (37) K. woodii r. Twigs not angled at the rusty-fur- furaceous apex, grey, straw- coloured or reddish-brown lower down. Leaves usually drying an olive-green above, their margins sometimes nearly parallel, but most often widest at the middle; nerves 12-40 pairs. Flowers tomentose outside. Staminal disc convex and circular in outline with 8—18—(20) anthers 139 Gardens Bulletin, S. s. Leaves chartaceous to thinly liptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, sometimes lobed (heterophyl- lous); nerves 12-20 pairs, average 16. Twigs 2 mm. thick at or near the apex. Male flowers 3—4 mm. long and 5 mm. broad in bud, 7-8 mm. across when expanded; female flowers 5 mm. long. Male pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers 8—13, average 11 (12) K. glomerata s. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, oblong or oblong- obovate and narrowed to the base, not elliptic (the sides sometimes parallel) not hete- rophyllous; nerves 20-40 pairs. Twigs slightly thicker, 3-4 mm. thick at or near the apex. Male flowers slightly larger. 3-5 mm. long and 6-7 mm. broad, 1 cm. across when ex- panded; female flowers 8 mm. —1 cm. long. Male pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13- 18-(20) average 18 (16) K. korthalsti k. Bracteole at base of the perianth. Anthers sessile, Shortly stalked or sessile in plumulosa. (Leaves not so large as in the preceding group, 11-30 cm. long except in mandaharan). Flowers mostly cream-coloured inside t. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, 11— 30 cm. long, nerves 12—22 pairs u. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Stam- inal disc convex or mammillate; con- nectives not produced beyond the apices of the anthers. Fruit covered with short, dense tomentum or scurf, 0.5 —1 mm. long except in plumulosa 140 Vol. XVIII. (1961). v. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and also flowers, pedicels and fruit covered with dark rusty wool, the hairs 2 mm. long. Male flowers 6—7 mm. long; female 1 cm. long, female pedicels 3—4 mm. long and 4—5 mm. thick. Perianth persistent in fruit (29) K. plumulosa v. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and also flowers, pedicels and fruit covered with very short, rusty-stellate scurf, not lanose. Male flowers 4-6 mm. long; fe- male 7-8 mm. long, female pedi- cels 7-8 mm. long (3-4 mm. in uliginosa). Perianth not persistent in fruit w. Twigs mostly reddish brown, greyish in the older parts. Re- ticulations of leaves close and distinct above (faint or distinct above in mandaharan). Flower buds not depressed in the centre when dry. Male pedi- cels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid or oblong, tomentose or covered with stellate scurf which rubs off, 3—4.5 cm. long and 1.8—3.5 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1.2 cm. long x. Leaves coriaceous, 11-22 —(30) cm. long, acute or rounded at the base; nerves 12-22 pairs. Twigs 2—3 mm. thick at apex. Male pedicels 7—8 mm. long. Staminal disc mammillate. Fruit ellip- soid, 3—4 cm. long and 1.8-2.2 cm. broad, 141 Gardens Bulletin, S. covered with short rusty- stellate scurf; stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm. long and 2-3 mm. thick (14) K. intermedia x. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 17-30 cm. long in young apical leaves only or in some specimens from higher altitudes (normal or mature leaves 30-60 cm. long), rounded at the base; nerves 22—26 pairs. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex. Male pedicels 4 mm. long (probably slightly immature). Staminal disc flat or slightly convex. Fruit oblong, larger and more densely tomentose with hairs up to 1 mm. long, 3—4.5 cm. long and 3-3.5 cm. broad; stalk 5-7 mm. long, stout, 5 mm. thick (23) K. mandaharan w. Twigs reddish-brown at the ex- treme apex only, pale greyish lower down in the younger and older parts. Reticulations of ‘eaves less dense or less distinct above. Flower buds often de- pressed in the centre when dry. Male pedicels 5—6 mm. long. Fruit sub-globose or slightly obovoid, rusty- tomentose, 1.8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk 4 mm. long (36) K. uliginosa u. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal disc flat or concave; connectives pro- duced beyond the apices of the anthers 142 Vol. XVIII. (1961). when dehiscing. Fruit sparsely covered with 3 mm. long, shining, rusty-brown hairs (32) K. rufa t. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 30-60 cm. long (young ones at the tips of twigs often smaller, 17-30 cm. long); nerves 22—26 pairs (23) K. mandaharan j. Stigma few-lobed, usually bifid and each lobe again divided into 2—3 lobes or serrations y. Style present (length 1.5—-2 mm. long). Anthers sessile z. Bracteole median, sometimes below the middle or near base of pedicel. Leaves large, 15—40 cm. long with 25-35 pairs of nerves. Twigs 5 mm. or more thick at the apex. Male flowers 7 mm.—1 cm. long. Male pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm. long. Anthers 13-18. Fruit el- lipsoid or ovoid, mostly tomentose, sometimes tomentulose. (A Himalayan species) : (21) K. linifolia z. Bracteole at the base of the perianth, less often above the middle. Leaves smaller (medium sized) with fewer veins except in oblongifolia var. oblongifolia. Twigs 2—3-(5) mm. thick at the apex. Male flowers 3—8 mm. long. Male pedicels 1-8 mm. long. Anthers 6-13. Fruit variously shaped, tomentulose aa. Leaves 15-43 cm. long and 4—16 cm. broad, oblong, oblanceolate or (narrowly oblong to lanceolate in oblongifolia var. monticola), base rounded or cordate, but acute or less often rounded in var. monticola; nerves 18-30 pairs; midrib usually not striate beneath; reticulations scalariform. Twigs angled and furfuraceous at the apex, smooth and reddish-brown lower down. Anthers 6—8. Fruit obovoid, 2—2.3 cm. long and 1.5—2 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm. long bb. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, oblong-lanceo-- late or oblanceolate, 20-43 cm. long, average 33 cm. and 9-16 cm. broad, average 11 cm., base rounded or cordate; nerves about 30 pairs. Male pedicels 6-8 mm. long (26) K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia bb. Leaves coriaceous (mountain plants), lanceolate, shorter and narrower, 15—25 143 Gardens Bulletin, S. cm. long and 4—7 cm. broad, base acute or less often rounded; nerves 18-25 pairs. Male pedicels absent or very short, 1 mm. long (26) K. oblongifolia var. monticola aa, Leaves generally smaller and narrower than in var. oblongifolia yet broad in some specimens of attenuata, 8-32 cm. long and 1.5-11 cm. broad, base mostly acute, less often rounded; nerves 12—20 pairs; midrib striate beneath when dry; reticulations fine and close. Twigs not usually angled at the furfuraceous apex, dark brown or blackish and finely striate lower down. Anthers 9-13 except in small forms of Jaurina, Fruit not obovoid but sub-globose, oblong or ellipsoid, 1.5—3 cm. long and 1.3—1.6 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long cc. Anthers 6—-8-(11); stalk of staminal disc 1.8-2 mm. long. Leaves chartaceous to slightly coriaceous, drying pale brown above; petiole 6 mm.—1 cm. long and 2 mm. thick. [Covering small, nearly glabrous forms of /aurina including tridactyla] (20) K. laurina cc. Anthers 9-13; stalk of staminal disc 0.5 mm. long. Leaves chartaceous, seldom coriaceous except in some mountain forms of globularia from Indo-China, drying an olive-green above, sometimes with a black- ish or dark green metallic lustre; petiole 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long, more slender, 1.5 mm. thick dd. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 8—17 cm. long and 1.5—5 cm. broad; reticulations fine on both surfaces; petiole 8 mm —l! cm. long. Male flowers 3 mm. long in bud, rusty- tomentose. Fruit sub-globose, 1.5—2 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad (11) K. globularia dd. Leaves elliptic-oblong or elliptic lan- ceolate, 13-32 cm. long (average 18 cm.) and 4.5—11 cm. broad (average 6 144 Vol. XVII. (1961). cm.); reticulations slightly more dis-- tinct, especially above; petiole 1—1.5 cm. long. Male flowers 4-5 mm. long in bud, rusty-lanose (hairs longer, about 0.5 mm. long). Fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm. broad (2) K. attenuata y. Style absent or extremely short. [Bracteole usually + median on the pedicel but in some varieties of cinerea, especially in young or immature flowers, the bracteoles are above the middle or even at the base of the flower. As the pedicel grows longer, then bracteole will probably be + median]. Anthers sessile or stalked (generally stalked but sessile in the members of groups 5 and 6) ee. Twigs glabrous, usually pale straw-coloured, or at least in parts, smooth, not striate (occasionally a few faint striations may be present in the older parts). Leaves drying an olive or yellowish-green above. Anthers sessile, numerous, 17—25. Fruit becoming glabrous ff. Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle (ex- cept. in some of the vars where they are spa- thulate, lanceolate, obovate or linguiform) length up to 14.5 cm. (small leaves in var. arenosa and paludosa); petiole up to 1.2 cm. long. Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth puberulous ‘outside. Staminal disc triangular with the anthers touching each other laterally. Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1—1.3 cm. long (6) K. curtisii and its vars ff. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not elliptic nor widest at the middle, length 12—25 cm.; petiole 1.5—2.5 ‘cm. long. Bark of twigs occasionally flaking in the oldest parts. Perianth nearly glabrous out- side. Staminal disc circular with well-spaced anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or almost sessile; stalk when, present 3-5 mm. long (24) K. membranifolia ee. Twigs glabrous or tomentulose at the apex, not pale straw-coloured, but reddish-brown, greyish or dark brown, striate or striate at least in the older parts. Leaves drying greenish, brownish or blackish above.. 145 Gardens Bulletin, S. Anthers usually stalked but sessile in Jatifolia, less than 18. Fruit becoming glabrous or not gg. Leaves drying blackish or dark brown above with a metallic lustre. Anthers 3 only, one at each angle of the triangular staminal disc. Fruit rusty-tomentulose becoming glabrous, sometimes ridged or flanged along the line of suture (19) K. latifolia gg. Leaves not drying blackish above. Anthers more than 3. Fruit glabrous or not, ridged or not hh. Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long; female 1.5 mm. long or flowers sessile. Anthers 6-10 (12-15 in rigidifolia) shortly stalked. Fruit oblong or obovoid ti. Leaves 1-4 cm. broad; reticulations in- visible or distinct above. Fruit 1.8 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, obovoid jj. Reticulations invisible or very faint above. Flowers rusty-tomentulose. Male flowers 2-—2.5 mm. long. Male pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Fe- male flowers 2—2.5 mm. long. Fe- male pedicels 3 mm. long (34) K. stenophylia jj. Reticulations distinct above and be- low, forming a close, dense net- work. Flowers rusty-tomentose with stellate and dendroid hairs. Male flowers 4 mm. long. Male pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Female flowers not seen (25) K. muscosa ii. Leaves 2.5—8.5 cm. broad; reticulations distinct. Fruit 1.8-4 cm. long and 1—2.5 cm. broad, obovoid, oblong or sub-globose kk. Twigs coarsely striate. Leaves dry- ing a medium brown above, nerves oblique, very prominent above as are the reticulations, lower surface not covered with rusty-stellate 146 Vol. XVIII. (1961). scales when young. Fruit stalk 3-8 mm. long or fruit sessile Il. Leaves lanceolate, oblong- lanceolate or obovate, covered with stellate hairs on the mid- rib and nerves beneath when young, later glabrous. Flowers densely rusty-tomentose with stellate and dendroid hairs. Fruit obovoid, tomentose, not. ridged nor flanged along the line of suture, stalked (35) K. tomentella Ill. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-- kk. 147 lanceolate (never obovate), glabrous beneath. Flowers. ‘tomentulose. Fruit not obo- void, tomentulose, ridged or not ridged along the line of suture, stalked or sessile mm. Leaves coriaceous;. nerves 16-20 pairs, obli- que. Anthers 7—10. Fruit oblong, strongly ridged along the line of suture.. 3.5—4 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5-& mm. long (15) K. kinabaluensis mm. Leaves rigidly coriace- ous; nerves 17—25 pairs, slightly less oblique. Anthers 12-15. Fruit sub-globose, not ridged: along the line of suture, 3 cm. in diam.; stalk 3: mm. long (31) K. rigidifolia Twigs finely striate. Leaves drying a dark brown above or sometimes dark green; nerves. less oblique and less promi- nent; reticulations less promi- Gardens Bulletin, .S. nent; lower surface covered with rusty-stellate scales when young. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1-1.5 cm. long | (4) K. communis hh. Male pedicels 6 mm —1.5 cm. long (3-4 mm. in cinerea var. rubens); female more than 2 mm. long. Anthers 9-17, stalked. Fruit variously shaped nn. Twigs striate right up to the apex, ex- cept in scortechinii. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate oo. Leaves elliptic, 9-19 cm. long, drying greenish or yellowish-green above, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous beneath; nerves 7—14 pairs (except in var. surigaoensis); reticulations. forming a dense, very prominent network above and below. Tomen- tum at apex of twigs rusty-brown. Fruit tomentulose; stalk 1.5—1.8 cm. long (17) K. kunstleri and its vars oo. Leaves not elliptic, but lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel, 16-32 cm. long, drying brownish or dark brown above, less coriaceous, covered with stellate scales or hairs be- neath when young; nerves 18-30 pairs. Tomentum at apex of twigs light brown. Fruit at first tomen- tose, the hairs shedding and the fruit becoming tomentulose; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long pp. Twigs tomentulose from the apex to some distance down, coarsely striate from the apex right down their entire length. Leaves medium brown above when dry, lower surface with stellate hairs on the midrib and veins or all over when 148 Vol. XVIII. (1961). young or persisting. Male pedicels 7 mm. long. Fruit ellipsoid (8) K. erratica pp. Twigs-tomentulose at the apex only and not striate there, finely striate lower down. Leaves dark brown above when dry, lower surface covered with rusty-stellate scales when young, becoming glabrous. Male pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long. Fruit ovoid-globose (33) K. scortechinii nn. Twigs not striate right up to the apex. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong qq. Twigs reddish-brown. Leaves mem- branous, greenish-brown with a blackish tinge above when dry; reticulations fine but distinct on both surfaces; forming a close net- work. Male pedicels 1—1.5 cm. long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obo- void, 1.5 cm. long and 1—1.2 cm. broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long (22) K. malayana qq. ‘Twigs greyish or greyish with black patches here and there (some brownish-black patches in_ var. cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, brownish or greenish above when dry; reticu- lations fainter or sometimes scarcely visible above but quite distinct in var. andamanica and var. cordata. Male pedicels shorter, usually 5 mm.—1 cm. long (3-4 mm. long in var. rubens). Staminal disc slightly convex. Fruit mostly oblong but also sub- globose (see under vars for shapes and sizes). (3) K. cinerea and its vars 149 Gardens Bulletin, S. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CINEREA a. Leaves not cordate at the base, length usually 10-24 cm., rarely or not exceeding 28 cm., drying greenish or brownish above. Twigs 1-3 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at least 10 cm. b. Leaves usually drying greenish or greenish-brown above, (less often brownish), glaucous beneath, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, usually about 5—7 cm. broad, but also nar- rower, 3-4 cm., or broader up to 10 cm. Reticulations often visible above but fine and not very prominent. c. Fruit small, sub-globose to slightly obovoid, brick-red, tomentulose, 1.5 cm. & 1.2 cm. on a slender, 7 mm. long and 1 mm. thick stalk. Leaves drying greenish above, 4.5—8.5 cm. broad var. cinerea c. Fruit larger, oblong or ellipsoid, puberulous, becoming glabrous, often blackish or blackish-brown when dry, 2.5-4.5 cm. & 1-2.5 cm.; stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long and 3 mm. thick. Leaves greenish or less often brownish when dry d. Fruit covered with extremely short, scale-like tomentum, later sub-glabrous. Leaves 4-10 cm. broad, average 5—7 cm. Male perianth 4 mm. long, tomentulose to sub-glabrous. Anthers 10-— 17; stalk of staminal disc 1 mm. long var. sumatrana d. Fruit sparsely covered with 1 mm. long, shaggy, plumose hairs, later sub-glabrous, size smaller, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad. Leaves narrower, average 3-4 cm. broad (broader forms 5—10 cm. broad) more distinctly reticulate. Male perianth larger, 5 mm. long, more tomentose; female flowers also slightly larger. Anthers 10-13; stalk of staminal disc 2 mm. long var. andamanica 4. Leaves drying a rich brown above, glaucous or brownish beneath, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, not so wide. Reticulations indistinct or invisible above e. Leaves narrow with nearly parallel sides, 3—5 cm. broad, acute at the apex; midrib raised above, shin- ing and reddish-brown beneath; nerves oblique. Twigs slender, 1-2 mm. thick at the apex and for 150 Vol. XVIII, (1961). some distance (10 cm.) down where they are covered with a minute, light brown tomentum. Male pedicels 3-4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, 2—2.2 cm. long and 1.5-1.7 cm. broad; stalk 3—5 mm. long and 3 mm. thick. var. rubens e. Leaves slightly broader, 3—7.5 cm. broad, sides not parallel, apex generally obtuse but sometimes acute on the same specimen; midrib lying in a groove above, not shining beneath, nerves nearly horizontal leaving the midrib at an angle of 70° to nearly 90°. Twigs thicker, 3 mm. thick at the apex, the tomen- tum confined to the apex and not extending down so much as 10 cm. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Fruit as in var. cinerea, sub-globose or slightly obo- void, 1.3—1.5 cm. long and 1—1.3 cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1.5 cm.,long and 1 mm. thick : var. patentinervia f. Flowering pedicels (male) 5 mm.—1 cm. long; fruiting pedicels 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous, up to 23 cm. long, nerves 15-25 pairs, pro- prominent beneath, reticulations faint beneath f. patentinervia f. Flowering pedicels (male) 1.3—1.5 cm. long; fruit- ing pedicels 8 mm:—1.5 cm. long. Leaves chart- aceous, thinner, up to 16 cm. long, nerves 10-— 16—(22) pairs, fainter beneath, reticulations also fainter. Confined to Borneo _f. longipedicellata a. Leaves cordate at the base, length 21—36 cm., drying brownish above. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at least 10 cm. var. cordata KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CURTISII a. Reticulations of leaves faint on both surfaces; apex acute or obtuse b. Leaves broadly elliptic, less often elliptic-lanceolate, never liguliform or spathulate; apex acuminate or bluntly acute; average length usually 8 cm. and over, average breadth 4-5 cm. var. curtisii b. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate or spathu- late; apex acute or obtuse; average dimensions smaller, 4-8 cm. long and 1.5—3 cm. broad 151 Gardens Bulletin, S. c. Leaves obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, usually drying blackish brown; veins fine and faint below d. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, 1.5—3 cm. broad (average 2.5 cm.) var. paludosa d. Leaves spathulate or liguliform with nearly paral- lel sides, 1-1.8 cm. broad var. amoena c. Leaves acute at the apex, chartaceous, usually drying green above, lanceolate, 1—-1.5 cm. broad; nerves extremely faint or not visible on both surfaces var. arenosa . Reticulations of leaves distinct on both surfaces, apex generally obtuse var. linguiformis KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA KUNSTLERI . Leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, apex bluntly acute or obtuse, nerves 7—14 pairs, reticulations very prominent on both surfaces var. kunstleri . Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, narrower, oblong- lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel, apex acute or acuminate, nerves 12-20 pairs (average 18 pairs), reticulations not so prominent var. Surigaoensis KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA LATERICIA . Twigs stout, 4-5 mm. thick at the apex and just below. Leaves 17-50 cm. long (average 25 cm.) and 5—20 cm. broad (average 10 cm.), few in number and distantly spaced on the twigs, rounded at the base or rarely sub-cordate. Fruit 3—3.5 cm. X 2.5 cm. with hairs 1.5-2 mm. long var. lunduensis . Twigs slender, 2-3 mm. thick at the apex and just below. Leaves up to 20 cm. long and to 10 cm. broad, more numerous on the twigs, acute or sometimes rounded at the base. Fruit smaller, up to 2.3 cm. long and to 1.7 cm. broad with shorter hairs, 0.5 mm. long or less b. Leaves 4-10 cm. broad, average 5—6 cm., drying brownish above and brownish or glaucous beneath; midrib and nerves reddish-brown. Tomentum of twigs, flowers and fruit reddish-brown var. latericia b. Leaves 2-5 cm. broad, average 3 cm., drying a paler brown, greyish-brown or greyish-green, whitish beneath; midrib and nerves also paler. Tomentum of twigs, flowers and fruit pale brown var. albifolia iSZ Vol. XVII, (1961). KEY TO BORNEAN SPECIES. a. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath especially when young, scales persisting in K. elmeri b. Nerves 22-35 pairs; lamina 30—42 cm. long. Male pedicels 1.5—1.8 cm. long. Anthers shortly stalked. Fruit large, 5S—7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad (1) K. ashtonii b. Nerves 15-20 pairs; lamina 12—22—(26) cm. long. Male pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers sessile or stalked. Fruit smaller, 1.8-2.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad c. Twigs angled, their bark greyish-brown and tending to crack or flake. Anthers 10—12, sessile; staminal disc convex. Female flowers sessile, both sexes pale brown outside and scarlet inside. Fruit oblong or elliptic-oblong; stalk 2-5 mm. long (7) K. elmeri c. Twigs terete, their bark dark reddish-brown, finely striate and not tending to crack. Anthers 7—9, shortly stalked; staminal disc flat. Female flowers on a 5 mm.. long pedicel, both sexes reddish-brown outside and pink inside. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1-1.5 cm. long (4) K. communis ae 3 Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath, glaucous or brownish beneath when dry d. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose beneath with stellate hairs e. Twigs not striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf sunk above. Male pedicels 3-5 mm. long with bracteole at base of perianth. Female flowers sessile. Perianth red inside. Anthers 7—8—(11 rarely), sessile. Fruit-stalk 2—3 mm. long (20) K. laurina Twigs usually striate in the apical parts. Veins of leat raised above. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long with a median bracteole. Female pedicels 5 mm. long. Perianth yellowish or greenish-yellow inside with a brownish-pink spot at the base of each lobe. Anthers 13-18, shortly stalked. Fruit-stalk about 1 cm. long (5) K. conferta d. Leaves glabrous beneath f. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack or flake (not always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs are present; may not always be visible in /atericia) "153 Gardens Bulletin, S. g. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or not at the base. Bark tending to crack in the apical as well as in the older parts. Male flowers not mitriform in bud. Male pedicels 3-10 mm. long. Anthers 9-13 h. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at the tips of the twigs) 10-50 cm. long and 3-14 cm. broad, cordate at the base; nerves 24— 35 pairs. Male flowers pale yellowish-brown outside, 6-7 mm. long; female same colour, 1 cm. long. Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long, female flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels 2 mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown, sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5—4.5 cm. long and 3 cm. broad; stalk 4-5 mm. long (9) K. furfuracea h. Leaves smaller, 12—32 cm. long and 3—7 cm. broad, (sometimes larger in /atericia var. lunduensis) not cordate at the base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male flowers reddish-brown outside (pale brown in Jatericia var. albi- folia) S-6 mm. long; female same colour, 6—9 mm. long. Male pedicels 3—4 mm. long, female 4 mm. long or flowers sessile. Fruit reddish-brown, tomentose, obovoid of oblong-ellipsoid, 1.7—3.5 cm. long and 1.5— 2.5 cm. broad, sessile i. Bark of trunk longitudinally _ striate. Twigs 4-6 mm. thick at the apex. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male flowers 5—6 mm. in diam., female 8-9 mm. long. Male pedicels 2 mm. thick and female 4 mm. thick. Tomentum of flowers with hairs 1—2 mm. long. Anthers 14—17. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad . (28) K. percoriacea i, Bark of trunk flaking irregularly, not longitudinally striate. Twigs 2-3 mm. thick at the apex (except in var. lunduensis). Leaves thinly coriaceous, slightly smaller (except in var. 154 Vol. XVIII. (1961). lunduensis). Male flowers 5 mm. in diam., female 6 mm. long. Male pedi- cels 1 mm. thick, female flower sessile. Tomentum of flowers 0.5 mm. long or less (longer in var. lunduensis). An- thers 9—12. Fruit obovoid, 1.7 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad (larger in var. lunduensis) (18) K. latericia and its vars g. Leaves with nearly parallel sides, not widest at the middle, not cordate at the base. Bark tend- ing to crack in the older portions only, con- sisting of a smooth reddish-brown portion at 3—4 cm. below the furfuraceous apex, and then the older greyish-brown flaking portion. Male flowers mitriform in bud (except when very young). Male pedicels 1.8—2.5 cm. long. Anthers 18—20 (10) K. ga'‘eata f. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake except some- times in membranifolia j. Nerves numerous, 20-52 pairs. Leaves large, 20-44 cm. long with nearly parallel sides. Stigma with numerous lobes, 8-12 ; k. Nerves 40—52 pairs, more numerous than in any other species of Knema. Fruit flanged along the line of suture. Anthers about 14. Flowers tomentulose ~ (27) K. pectinata k. Nerves less numerous, 20-40 pairs, fruit not flanged along line of suture (not seen in woodii). Anthers (13)—18—23. Flowers tomentulose or tomentose I. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex, blackish in patches, lighter or dark grey lower down. Leaves often drying dark grey above, their margins nearly parallel; nerves 23-30 pairs. Flowers tomentulose outside. Staminal disc flat, triangular with 18-23 anthers (37) K. woodii I. Twigs rarely angled at the apex, rusty-fur- furaceous, grey-straw-coloured to reddish- brown and glabrous lower down. Leaves usually drying an olive-green above, their 155 Gardens Bulletin, S.- margins sometimes nearly parallel, but shape mostly oblong-obovate, widest at the middle and narrowed to the base; nerves 20-40 pairs. Flowers tomentose outside. Staminal disc convex and circular in out- line with 13—18—(20) average 18 anthers (16) K. korthalsii J. Nerves not so numerous, leaves smaller and of various shapes, sides parallel or not. Stigma with fewer lobes, 2-6 (except in intermedia, uliginosa and probably rufa) m, Leaves drying blackish above with a _ glossy metallic lus're. Anthers 3 only, one at each angle of the triangular disc. Fruit rusty-tomentulose becoming glabrous, sometimes ridged or flanged on the suture (19) K. latifolia m. Leaves not drying blackish. Anthers more than 3. Fruit glabrous or not, ridged or not n. Twigs g'abrous, usually pale straw-coloured or at least in parts, smooth, not striate (occasionally a few striations present in the older parts). Leaves usually drying an olive or yellowish green o. Fruit nearly glabrous, ridged on the suture. Anthers 17—25 (sessile); stam- inal disc triangular, concave. Bracteole median | p. Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle (except in some of the var- leties where they are lanceolate, spathulate, obovate or linguiform) length up to 14.5 cm; petiole up to 1.2 cm. long. Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth puberulous out- side. Staminal disc triangular with the anthers touching each other. Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1-1.3 cm. long (6) curtisii and vars p. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not ellip- tic nor widest at the midd’e, length 12-25 cm; petiole 1.5-25 cm long. Bark of twigs occasionally 156 Vol. XVII. (1961). flaking in the oldest parts. Perianth nearly glabrous outside. Staminal disc circular with well-spaced anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or almost sessile; stalk 3-5 mm. long (24) K. membranifolia o, Fruit rusty-tomentose, not ridged on the suture. Anthers 12; staminal disc cir- cular, convex or mammillate. Bracteole at base of perianth (36) K. uliginosa n. Twigs glabrous or not, but not pale straw- coloured, striate or striate in parts. Leaves usually drying some shade of brown but sometimes greenish or greenish-brown q. Male pedicels 5 mm. long and over, female more than 2 mm. long. Anthers 10 and over, sessile or stalked. Fruit variously shaped r. Twigs reddish-brown and _ nearly smooth for some distance down, often striate in the old portions (sometimes smooth). Leaves reti- culate, mostly with scalariform reticulations on both surfaces. Bracteoles at base of flower. Anthers 10-15, sessile. Stigma with 8—10 lobes s. Male pedicels 5 mm-—1 cm.. long. Staminal disc convex or mammillate, connectives not produced beyond the apices of the anthers. Fruit densely covered with short, 0.5 mm. long tomentum t. Twigs mostly — reddish- brown, greyish in the older parts. Reticulations of leaves close and dis- tinct above. Flower buds not depressed in the cen- tre when dry. Male pedi- cels 8 mm.—1 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 3-4 cm. 157 Gardens Bulletin, S. long and 1.8-2.2 cm. broad, covered with rusty- stellate scurf which rubs. off, stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm. long (14) K. intermedia t. Twigs reddish-brown (or not) at the extreme apex only, pale greyish lower down in the younger and older parts. Reticulations. of leaves less dense or dis- tinct above. Flower buds often depressed in the centre when dry. Male pedicels 5-6 mm. long. : Fruit sub-globose or slightly obovoid, 1.8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, rusty-tomentose, stalk 4 mm. long (36) K. uliginosa s. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal disc concave, con- nectives produced beyond the apices of the anthers on de- hiscing. Fruit sparsely cover- ed with 3 mm. long, shining, rusty-brown hairs (32) K. rufa r. Twigs reddish brown, greyish or greyish with black patches here and there, generally more distinctly striate, sometimes strongly so. Re- ticulations prominent or faint. Bracteole normally median but in some varieties of cinerea above the middle or even at the base of the perianth (especially in imma- ture flowers). Anthers stalked or shortly stalked, 7-17. Stigma lobes. fewer, bifid and then each lobe again shortly bifid 158 Vol. XVII. (1961). u. Twigs reddish-brown, coarsely striate up to the apex. Leaves elliptic, drying greenish or yellowish-green above, rigidly coriaceous, nerves 7—14 pairs (except in var. surigaoensis); reticulations forming a dense network, very prominent and raised on both surfaces. Fruit ellipsoid, less often sub-glo- bose, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk 1.5—1.8 cm. long (17) K. kunstleri u. Twigs reddish-brown or greyish with black patches, not always _ so coarsely striate at the apex. 159 Leaves not elliptic, mostly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, drying greenish or a rich brown above, mem- branous or coriaceous; nerves 14—25 pairs; reticulations less prominent,. sometimes faint . above in some varieties of cinerea. Fruit of various shapes, sub-globose, oblong, ovoid, or obovoid, in a range of 1.5—4.5 cm. long and 1—2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1.3: cm. long v. Twigs reddish-brown. Leaves membranous, greenish-brown with a blackish tinge above; reticulations fine on both surfaces. Male pedicels 1.3-1.5 cm. long. Stam- inal disc flat. Fruit obo- void, 1.2—1.7 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad; stalk slender, 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long Gardens Bulletin,S. (3) K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata v. Twigs greyish or greyish with black patches here and there (some brownish- black patches in var. cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous or _ thinly coriaceous, drying brown- ish or greenish above; reticulations faint or sometimes scarcely visible above but quite distinct in var. andamanica and var. cordata. Male pedi- cels shorter, usually 5 mm—l cm. long (3-4 mm. in var. rubens). Staminal disc slightly con- vex. Fruit mostly oblong but also sub-globose (see under vars for shapes and sizes (3) K. cinerea and its vars q. Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long, female 1.5 mm. long or flowers sessile. Anthers fewer, 6—10, shortly stalked (sessile in muscosa). Fruit oblong or obovoid w. Nerves oblique, 16-20 pairs, raised and very distinct above. Fruit oblong, very strongly ridged along the line of suture, 3.5—4 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5—8 mm. long (15) K. kinabaluensis w. Nerves less oblique, 10-20 pairs, visible above and raised but less distinct. Fruit obovoid, not ridged along the line of suture, smaller, 1.8-2 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad; stalk 7 mm—1.5 cm. long x. Leaves lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long and 2—3.5 cm. broad, not covered with rusty scales be- neath; nerves 10-12 pairs; ~-160 Vol. XVII. (1961). reticulations very prominent above; petioles very shortly tomentulose but also sparsely long hairs. Perianth densely covered with erect, 0.5 mm. rusty-tomentose with 1 mm. long, stellate and dendroid hairs. Fruit stalk 7 mm. long (25) K. muscosa x. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, 6—25 cm. long and 3-7 cm. broad, average breadth 5 cm., lower surface covered with rusty stellate scales when young; nerves 17-20 pairs; reticulations prominent above, petioles very shortly tomen- tulose becoming’ glabrous. Perianth very shortly tomen- tulose outside. Fruit stalk 1-1.5 cm. long (4) K. communis KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CINEREA IN BORNEO a, Leaves not cordate at the base, length usually 10-24 cm, rarely or not exceeding 28 cm., drying greenish or brownish above. Twigs 1-3 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at least 10 cm. b. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. broad, average S—7 cm. (variable in size), drying generally greenish, less often brown, glaucous beneath; reticula- tions of the upper surface often visible but fine and not very prominent. Anthers 12—17, average 14. Fruit oblong or ellipsoid, puberulous, becoming glabrous, blackish or blackish-brown when dry, 2.5-4.5 cm. long and 1-2.5 cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long var. Sumatrana b. Leaves oblong-'anceolate or narrowly lanceolate, usually not so wide, 3—7.5 cm. broad, drying a rich brown abvuve, glaucous or brownish beneath; reticulations of the upper surface indistinct or invisible. Anthers-7—13. Fruit oblong or sub-globose, 1.3—2.2 cm. long and 1.5—1.7 cm. broad; stalks 3-7 mm. long except in f. longipedicellata 161- Gardens Bulletin, S. ¢. Leaves narrow, 3—5 cm. broad and with nearly parallel sides, bluntly acute at the apex, midrib raised above, reddish-brown and shining beneath; nerves oblique. Twigs slender, 1-2 mm. thick from the apex to some 10 cm. downwards, also minutely light-brown puberulous on that interval. Anthers 7-12. Male pedicels 3—4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, 2—2.2 cm. long and 1.5—1.7 cm. broad; stalk 3-5 mm. long and 3 mm. thick var. rubens c. Leaves slightly broader, 3—7.5 cm. broad, sides not parallel, generally obtuse at the apex but sometimes also acute on the same specimen, midrib lying in a groove above, nerves nearly horizontal, leaving the midrib at an angle of 70° to nearly 90°. Twigs thicker, 3 mm. thick at the apex and the tomentum confined to the apex and not extending down the twig as far as 10 cm. Anthers 10-13. Male pedicels longer. Fruit sub-globose to slightly obovoid, 1.3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1.5 cm. long and 1 mm. thick var. patentinervia and its forms d. Flowering pedicels (male) 5 mm —1 cm. long; fruiting pedicels 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous, up to 23 cm. long, nerves 15-25 pairs, pro- minent beneath, reticulations faint beneath f. patentinervia d. Flowering pedicels (male) 1.3-1:5 cm. long; fruiting pedicels 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long. Leaves chartaceous, thinner, up to 16 cm. long, nerves 10—16-(22) pairs, fainter beneath, reticulations also fainter. Confined to Borneo f. longipedicellata a. Leaves cordate at the base, length 21-36 cm., drying brownish above. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at least 10 cm. var. cordata SYSTEMATIC PART (1) Knema ashtonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 1. Propter antheras stipitatas, bracteolam basi perianthii positam, fructum magnum, folia magna sub-cordata subtus cinnamomeo- squamosa, haec species K. retusae proxima. Floribus minoribus, antheris paucioribus, disco staminali convexo, fructibus obtusis {non apiculatis), nervis foliorum pluribus et inter se propioribus, reticulationibus magis distinctis K. ashtonii tamen differt. 162 Vol. XVIII. (1961). Fig. 1. Knema ashtonii J. Sinclair. A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, apex of twig showing angles. C, male flower enlarged. D—-E, staminal column. F, immature female flower. G, ovary and stigma. H, fruit. I, scales from lower surface of leaf. A, C, D, E and I from Jaheri 611 (BO). B from Ashton BRUN 202 (SING). F and G from Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17386 (SING isotype). H from Endert 4775 (BO). 163 Gardens Bulletin, S.. Arbor 12-18 m. alta, radicibus adventivis praedita. Cortex levis ochraceus. Ramuli apice 4-5 mm. crassi, angulati, minute ferrugineo-squamosi vel tomentelli, infra teretes griseo-brunnei, vix striati. Folia chartacea, oblongo-obovata, supra glabra, subtus squamis cinnamomeis tecta, deinde glabra, nervis cinnamomeis ‘costaque exceptis, albo-grisea, apice rotundata, obtusa vel breviter apiculata, basi rotundata vel sub-cordata, 30-42 cm. longa, 8-14 cm. lata; costa utrinque prominens; nervi 22—35-jugati, obliqui, paralleli, supra distincti, subtus valde prominentes; venulae dis- tinctae et dense reticulatae; petioli 1-2.5 cm. longi, tomentelli. Flores masculi numerosi ex pedunculis lignosis 5 mm.—1 cm. longis umbellatim orti; perian.hium ferrugineo-tomentosum, in alabastro 5 mm. longum ac 6 mm. in diam., dein apertum 9 mm.— 1 cm. latum, in lobos usque ad ? fissum; pedicelli 1.5—1.8 cm. longi, graciles, apice minute bracteolati; discus staminalis convexus cum 11-13 antheris breviter stipitatis coronatus. Flores feminei (immaturi) oblongi, 5 mm. longi; pedicelli 5-6 mm. longi, apice bracteolati; ovarium ferrugineo-tomentosum; 2-3 mm. longum; stylus brevis in stigma bi-lobatum terminatus; lobi stigmatis etiam minute bi-lobati. Fructus obovoideus, fusco-brunneus, tomentellus, 5-7 cm. longus, 3 cm. latus, apice obtusus, pericarpio 4 mm. crasso; stipes 5 mm.—l1 cm. longus, 6 mm. crassus. Tree 12-18 m. high with some stilt roots. Bark smooth, ochre. Twigs minutely rusty-scaly or tomentulose, angled and 4-5 mm. thick at the apex, lower down, greyish-brown, terete, scarcely striate. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-obovate, medium green, glossy and glabrous above, covered with cinnamon-coloured scales be- neath, later glabrous and greyish-white except for the cinnamon- brown nerves and midrib, apex rounded and shortly apiculate, less often obtuse, base rounded or sub-cordate; midrib prominent on both surfaces, nerves 22-35 pairs, oblique, parallel, distinct above, very prominent beneath, 1-1.5 cm. apart; reticulations forming a dense close network on both surfaces; length 30-42 cm.; breadth 18-14 cm.; petiole 1-2.5 cm. long. Male flowers numerous, arising in umbels from <tout, woody, 5 mm.—!1 cm. long p:duncles; perianth rusty-tomen ose, 5 mm. long and 6 mm. in diam. in bud, 9 mm.-l : cm. across when expanded, split down to # of its length into the lobes; pedicels 1.5-1.8 cm. long, slender, with a minute bracteole at the avex; staminal disc convex with 11-13, shortly stalked anthers. Female flowers (immature), oblong, 5 mm. long; pedicels 5—6 mm. long with the braz‘eole at the apex; ovary rusty-tomentose, 2-3 mm. long; a short style present terminating in a bi-lobed stigma, t 164 : Vol. XVII, (1961). each lobe again minutely bi-lobed. Fruit obovoid, dark brown- tomentulose, 5-7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, obtuse at the apex, pericarp wall 4 mm. thick; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long and 6 mm. thick. MALAY | PENINSULA SELANGOR: 15th mile Pahang Track, Ridley 8504 (CAL, SING). BORNEO SaRAWAK: Sungei Sabal Tapang, Sabal F.R., Serian, Nahar SAR 12697 (SAR, SING); Sin- clair Nos. 10271 (E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING) and 10275 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR, SING). BRUNEI: Sungei Temburong, 1 mile above Kuala Belalong, Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17386 (BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING) & 17387 (SAN, L, SING); Kuala Bela- long, Ashton BRUN 5202 (BRUN, L, SAR, SING). EAST AND NORTH-EAST * BORNEO: Bukit Milie or Milier = (Miller Range), Amdjah 170 (BO, SING); Sungei Moegne, (Exp. Nieuwenhius) Jaheri 611 (BO, SING); No. 24 L. Iboet, West Kutei, Endert 4775 (BO, L). BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: Ulu Lukutan, 8 mls E.N.E. of Sipitang, Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4582 (KEP, L, SAN, SING). : DISTRIBUTION: Malay. Peninsula and Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17386 ~(BRUN, K holotype, L, SAN, SING) other duplicates of this, not seen by me, have been distributed to A, BO, BRI & KEP. This species has been named in honour of P. S. Ashton former- ly of the forest service in Brunei. It usually grows by the banks of streams. The distinguishing features are the rusty-brown-scaly, angled, young twigs, the large leaves, often cordate at the base, their cinnamon-brown and later white under-surface, the dense reticulations on both surfaces, the bracteole at the base of the flower, the stalked anthers, and the large fruit. Ridley 8504 from Selangor was placed by Gamble in oblongi- folia to which it has some alliance. I mentioned it only in List of Collectors [Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958)] as probably K. glaucescens var. cordata but at that time I had not seen the Bornean material. It has some superficial resemblance to K. cinerea var. cordata especially in the leaves but the fruit is much larger and on a thick, short stalk. The nearest ally seems to be K. retusa. 165 Gardens Bulletin, S. The tomentum consists of minute, cinnamon-brown scales on the lower surface of the leaf and if this is rubbed off, the dense greyish- white reticulations can be seen. The cinnamon colour of the tomen- tum tends to disappear on drying. This tomentum of K. ashtonii also resembles that of K. elmeri but the leaves of that species are smaller and neither rounded nor cordate at the base. (2) Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 590 incl. var. latifrons Warp. 1|.c. 591; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 22 '1.£ 1925) 12 16: Basionym: Myristica attenuata Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 157 (Wall. Cat. 6791 nom. nudum); A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; Dalz. et Gibs. Bomb. Fl. (1861) 4; Beddome, Fl. Sylv. 2 (1872) t.271; Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 316 pl. 152; Talbot, Syst. List Trees, Shrubs etc. Bombay Presid. (1894) 165 et ed. 2 (1902). 281; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. Presid. 2 (1906) 531. Synonyms: M. amygdalina Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. (1839) 175 non Wall..M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu Beddome, FI.. Sylv. 2 (1872) 271 pl. 271—Fig. 2. Tall tree with flaking bark; sap red, copious. Twigs slender, rusty-furfuraceous-tomentose at the apex, often blackish-brown just below the apex, finely striate lower down. Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, glossy and glabrous above and drying olive-green, glaucous and glabrous beneath, except in very young leaves, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, rarely rounded; nerves 12-18 pairs, raised on both surfaces, curving and gradually ascending, interarching at the margins; reticulations fine but distinct above, forming a close net- work, less distinct below; length 13-32 cm., average 18 cm.; breadth 4.5-11 cm., average 6 cm.; petiole 1—-1.5 cm. long. Male inflorescence an umbel at the end of a short, 4 mm. long, slender, woody peduncle. Male flowers sub-campanulate or obovoid, trigonous and 4-5 mm. long in bud, rusty-lanose outside with 0.5 mm. long dendroid-like hairs resembling tiny moss plants, glabrous inside with striate, coriaceous lobes which reach down to 4 the length of the whole perianth; pedicels also lanose, 4-7 mm. long with the bracteole at the base of the flower, occasionally above the middle of the pedicel; staminal disc flat or slightly concave with a short, striate stipe and 9-13 (usually 13) sessile, slightly erect anthers. Female flowers fewer, cylindric or narrowly ovoid, sessile or sub-sessile; ovary ovoid, densely tomentose; a short bifid 166 Vol. XVII. (1961). Fig. 2. Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. _ staminal column. D, female flowers. E, ovary, style and stigmas. F, fruit. G, hairs from male flowers. A-C and G from Bor 9387 (DD). D and E after King. F from Bor 11554 (DD). 167 Gardens Bulletin, S. style present, each lobe again bifid. Fruit oblong or ellipsoid, terminating in a short apiculus, thin-walled, rusty-furfuraceous- tomentose at first, later nearly glabrous, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm. broad, stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long, slender with a small collar at the base of the fruit. Ari] crimson, very thin. PENINSULAR INDIA s.L.: Johnson s.n. Herb. Cleghorn (E). BOMBAY: S.1., Hooker, date 1849 (CAL); Khandala, Duke’s Nose Ravine, Santapau 1316 (K); Khandala, Meroli Plakar, Santapau 1979 (K); Kodkani, Bor 11180 (DD); the following six Concan:—Herb. Hey- neanum 6423a (BR) and s.n. (BR); Law s.n. (Herb. Hk. f. et Th.) (A, K, P); Dalzell s.n. (K); Dalzell, date 1878 (DD); Wari Jungle, Dalzell s.n. (CAL, K); the remainder North Kanara:— Yellapur, Dharwa, Patil 2537 (DD); and Sedgwick & Bell 6059 (CAL); Arbaie Ghat, Sedgwick 3169 (CAL); Devimane Ghat, Bor 11554 (DD) and Talbot 32 (CAL); N. Kanara, s.l., Talbot Nos. 41 (PDA) and 108 (CAL); Na- yoor, Talbot 272 (CAL); Mavirimone, Talbot 273 (CAL, E, K) as var. lati- frons; Karwur, Talbot 582 (CAL); North Kanara, Talbot s.n. (DD). MYSORE: Raans Somb., Brandis s.n. (DD); the fol- lowing three South Kanara:—Beddome s.n. (BM) as K. neglecta Warb. ined.; Pilar, Fischer 4545 (CAL); Jimdiar, Meebold 8568 (CAL); the remainder Coorg:—Kerti, Camp 2, Laurie, 22nd Jan., 1940 (DD, K); Makut, Bor Nos. 8780 (DD); 9387 (DD) and 9391 (DD) and Laurie 5474 (DD). KERALA: The following four Malabar:—Wight Nos. 869 (E) and 2490 (CAL); Shola Forest, Carcoor Ghat, Brandis s.n. (DD); Silent Valley, Khan M.S.A. 41 (DD); the re- mainder Travancore:—Beddome 103 (PDA); Bourdillon Nos. 431 (K) and 432 (K); Calder & Ramaswami 1588 (CAL); Achenkovil, Calder & Rama- swami 403 (CAL); Tennalai, Calder 1460 (CAL); the last three Colatoor- polay, Tranvancore:—Bourdillon 505 (DD); Lawson 93 (CAL) and Lawson 26th Nov., 1893 (K). MADRAS: S.1., Barber 2953 (CAL); Beddome 222 (K) as M. travancorica Bedd. ined.; Bed- dome, date 1878 (CAL); Wall. Cat. 6791 (Herb. Heyneanum) (A, G Prodr., K, LE, M); Wight 1075 (E); Foot of Nilgiris, Beddome 215 (PDA); Manan- 168 Vol. XVIII. (1961). toddy, Wynaad, Forest Economist 29160 (BM, DD); Kuttalam, (Courtallam) Wight Nos. 783 (E); 2484 (M) and 2486 (A, C, CAL, K, L, LE, P); Ana- mallay near Coimbratore, Wight 2487 (L, LE, M); Kannikatty, Tinnevelly, Barber Nos. 2940 (CAL, K); 31/21 (CAL) and 5671] (K); Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome, date 1867 (PDA). DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India as above. TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica attenuata Hk. f. et Th., Wall. Cat. 6791 (A, G Prodr., K holotype, LE, M). Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. var. latifrons Warb., Ka- nara, Beddome’s numbers (B holotype burnt, K). M. amygdalina Grah., Wari Jungle, Dalzell (CAL, K). VERNACULAR NAMES: Chora panu (Malabar); chora_ patthiri (Tamil); rukt-maru (Kanara). This species is very close to K. globularia in many details, especially in the appearance of the twigs and the leaves (the same colour on drying), the structure of the flower (anthers about the same in number and sessile) and in the fruit. The distribution is entirely different, this species being confined to the moist, shady valleys of the west side of Peninsular India. It differs in the longer and broader leaves, which are elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate in shape, not lanceolate nor oblong-lanceolate, the reticulations more distinct above, the longer male pedicels, the longer and slightly denser tomentum of the flowers and in the larger but similar type of fruit. I do not consider var. latifrons as distinct since the leaves vary somewhat in breadth from 4.5—11 cm. on the same plant, the average being 6 cm. broad, but always somewhat elliptic and broadest at the middle. {3) Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 611 t. 25 f. 1-2 (excl. sp. Philip. Warburg 13304 = K. glomerata). Basionym: Myristica cinerea Poir. Dict. Encycl. Suppl. 4 (1816) 35 (non Wilkes = K. korthalsii); Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826) 65; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 207; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 12, Synonyms: M. peltata Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 846; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 207; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 72—-syn. nov. M. caesia Zipp. ex Spanoghe, Linnaea 15 (1841) 346 [Icon. 15] nom. nudum. K. peltata (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 599—syn. nov. 169° Gardens Bulletin, S. var. cinerea—Fig. 3 A-G. Trees 10-12 m. high. Twigs minutely pale brown-puberulous and slender (2 mm. thick) at the apex, glabrous, striate and thicker, (3 mm. thick) lower down. Leaves membranous or chartaceous, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, olive-green and glossy above when dry, cinereous beneath with pale brown midrib and nerves; apex acute or shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse, base acute, sub-cuneate or occasionally rounded; nerves 12—18 (average 15) pairs, fine and raised on both surfaces, oblique or leaving the midrib at an angle of 70°, curving slightly and interarching at the margins; reticulations scalariform, usually obscure or invisible above but visible in thin leaves, fine beneath; length 12~—28 cm.; breadth 4.5-8.5 cm.; petiole 1.5 cm. long, slender, scroll-like or tubular, being involute, almost closed except for the groove on the upper surface. Male flowers on simple or bifurcate, 5—6 mm. long, woody tubercles, pale to medium brown-tomentulose and 5 mm. in diam. in bud, 8 mm. across when expanded, split to the base by the thick lobes; pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long, striate longitudinally with a minute bracteole at the middle or usually a little above the middle; staminal disc with a very short stipe, circular in outline, slightly convex due to three ridges which meet at its centre; anthers 11-14, average 13, well-spaced, obtuse, short- ly stalked. Female flowers 5—6 mm. long, cylindrical or oblong, split down half-way by the lobes; pedicels 7 mm.—1.4 cm. long with the bracteole above the middle or a short distance below the perianth; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, the short style ending in a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed. Fruit solitary, brick- coloured, tomentulose, sub-globose or slightly obovoid with the remains of the style at the obtuse apex, 1.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad on a slender, 1 mm. thick and 7 mm. long stalk, pericarp very thin, about 0.5 mm. thick. Seed pale brown, filling the carpel. LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS LoMBOK: Sapit, Rindjani Volcanic Range, Elbert 1950 (A, BO, CANB, K, L, PNH); Sewela, de Voogd 1640 (A, BO, L). SUMBAWA: Ro Mts, Sultanat Bima, Elbert 3812 (A, Le, FLORES: Wailako, 6b14356 (BO, L); Mborong, Rensch 1466 (BO). TANIMBAR ISLANDS (TIMOR LAUT): Pulau Jamdena:—forest near rest house between Ilgnei and Otimmer, Buwalda 4158 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Lurum- bu, Buwalda 4801 (BO, K, L) and bb24426 = Buwalda 207 (A, BO, L, SING); Ilgnei, bb24279 (BO, K, L, SING). 170, Vol. XVIII. (1961). Fig. 3. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. vars. cinerea and sumatrana (Mia.} J. Sinclair. A, twig of var. cinerea with leaves and male flowers. B—C, the same with male flowers enlarged. D—-F, the same, female flowers. G, the same, fruit. H, fruit of K. cinerea var. sumatrana for comparison. A-—C from Hulstijn 368 (BO). D—F from bb5430 (L). G from Teijsmann 12187 (L). H from Ridley 3873 (SING). 171 Gardens Bulletin, S. CELEBES NortTu PENINSULA: Winawangan, 4 km east of Manado, Alston 16205 (BM); Pingsam, Kajuwatu, Mina- hassa, Koorders Nos. 17498 (BO, K, L) and /8130 (BO); Manado, Koorders Nos. 18134 (BO) and 18135 (BO, L, P); Boeha, Koorders 18140 (BO); Rahaan, Manado, Riedel 5698 (BO, PDA, U). CENTRAL CELEBES: Tapalaeng, Noerkas 447 (BO, L, SING);. Tjempaga, Rachmat 160 (BO, L, SING). SOUTH-WEST | PENINSULA: Bantimurung and vicinity, Buwalda 3804 (A, BO, K, L, PNH); Pangkadjene, Teijsmann Nos. 11733 (BO, L, SING); 12187 (BO, L, SING) and 12226 (BO);. Fienjoh, Baleh Angien, Teijsmann 12555 (BO, L, SING); Bonthain, Cel 1/2 (BO). SOUTH-EAST PENINSULA: Latoma, Kjellberg 1131 (BO, S). PULAU KABENA: Eempuhu, Landschaft Balo, Elbert 3396 (A, BO, CANB, K, L, PNH). PULAU Muna: Lambico, bb5429 (BO, L, SING) and bb5430 (BO, L, SING). - PULAU BUTON: Labillardiére s.n. (BM, FI, G and Prodr., K, P). MOLUCCAS SuLa IsLANDs: P. Taliabu, Djiko Kamaja, (Atje) Hulstijn 368 (BO, L, SING); Sanana, Sula Bisfi,. Teijsmann s.n. (BO). BANDA: Cult. Hort. Calc. ex Banda, Roxburgh, date 1802 (BR). DISTRIBUTION: Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes and Moluc- cas. TYPE MATERIAL: M. cinerea Poir., Labillardiére s.n. (BM, FI, G and Prodr., K, P holotype). M. peltata Roxb., Hort. Calc. ex Banda, Roxburgh date 1802 (BR). VERNACULAR NAME: Kala (Makassar, Celebes). Knema cinerea (Poiret) Warb. was hitherto known only from the single collection in fruit of Labillardi¢re from Pulau Buton. This type material, although distributed in several herbaria, is rather meagre and scrappy. A large amount of material both in ‘flower. and fruit of the same species was subsequently collected in Celebes by Koorders and Teijsmann, but no one seems to have ~been aware that this material was identical with cinerea. The bulk ‘of it is mostly unnamed, but some of Koorders’s sheets bear the -name M. glauca. It has also been given various other wrong names. I saw that this material was very close to K. (glauca) glaucescens Jack and had intended to describe it as a variety of glaucescens, the main distinguishing difference being the small, sub-globose or ‘192 Vol. XVII. (1961). slightly obovoid fruits on slender pedicels. At the time, when I completed the account of the Malayan Myristicaceae, I also must confess that I failed to connect this material with cinerea since I had no type material of cinerea available for comparison at Singa- pore. K. cinerea (Poiret) Warb. has priority over the later K. glauces- cens Jack, and is the oldest of the several binomials for the well- known and widely distributed K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. The varieties of K. glaucescens described by me in my revision of the Malayan species have now to be transferred to the position of varieties under K. cinerea var. cinerea. The former circumscription, K. glaucescens var. glaucescens, was the correct name in my first paper for the commonest form of glauca. Its rank is now altered to that of a variety under K. cinerea. Although being the oldest binomial, for the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java plant, the name glauces- cens unfortunately according to the rules cannot now be used but has to be rejected for the earliest trinomial (if any) even if that trinomial is later than the binomial. The earliest trinomial is M. glauca var. sumatrana (Bl.) Miq. (1852) so the correct name for K. glaucescens Jack, whether we like it or not, becomes K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair. Had there been no trinomials the name glaucescens would have stood as a variety under cinerea. Apart from the best distinguishing character, the small sub- globose fruit on slender pedicels, already mentioned, K. cinerea var. cinerea differs from var. sumatrana in having the upper surface of the leaf more glossy with the reticulations very faint or almost invisible. The reticulations, however, may be quite distinct in thin leaves so this character is not always reliable. Labillardiére as mentioned above, collected K. cinerea (Poir.) Warb. (=M. cinerea Poir.) type at Pulau Buton, and in his “Reise nach dem Siidmeere” he identifies it as Myristica uviformis Lamk. I have seen the type of M. uviformis Lamk. in Paris in Lamarck’s Herbarium and the specimen belongs to Aporosa (Euphorbiaceae) and not to Myristicaceae. The references for M. uviformis Lamk are: — M. uviformis Lamk, Act. Paris (1788) 166 et Lamk, Encycl. 4 (1797) 391. Warburg notes on page 612 of his monograph that Knema cinerea may be the same as M. microcarpa Willd., after seeing the name M. microcarpa written on the British Museum isotype of K. cinerea from Pulau Buton collected by Labillardiére. Unfor- tunately there is no type specimen of M. microcarpa Willd. pre- served at Berlin in the Willdenow collection. Willdenow published his species M. microcarpa in Roem. et Usteri, Mag. Bot. 3, 9 (1790) 27 and also refers to it in Sp. Plant. 4, 2 (1806) 871 where he again describes it as “fructuum racemis ramosis”. From. this 173 Gardens Bulletin, S. description it can never be a Knema so his name M. microcarpa does not upset the validity or priority of K. cinerea (Poir.) Warb. He quotes as a synonym M. uviformis Lamk and refers this to tab. 7 in Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 1 (1750) 27. Lamarck in Encycl. 4 (1797) 391 placed his microcarpa with doubt under M. uviformis. Merrill in “An _ Interpretation of Rumphius’s Herbarium Amboinense (1917) 231 regards this plate as a Horsfieldia species, the M. tingens of BIl., and states that nothing in our Amboina collections can be referred to this plate. The plate does show many fruits in racemes so thus cannot be a Knema. The fruit with its scars of fallen bracteoles and persistent calyx resembles that of an Aporosa, but there is doubt that it represents an Aporosa at all, as the fruit apex, there depicted, is not correct for Aporosa. In fact it is doubtful also whether the plate represents any member of the Myristicaceae. Willdenow describes two varieties of M. microcarpa in Sp. Plant 4, 2 (1806) 871 and refers them to tab. 8 and 9 of Rumphius. Under Hosrfieldia (yet to be published) I shall give both Merrill’s and my own opinion of what these may re- present. var. andamanica (Warb.) Sinclair, comb. nov. Basionym: Knema glauca Bl. var. andamanica Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 596. Synonyms: M. angustifolia Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 847 et Icones Roxb., Kew, ined. No. 2572—syn. nov. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 158 quoad sp. Tenasserim pro parte, Chittagong et Roxburgh s.n. (= K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. tantum; A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 quoad sp. Roxb. tantum; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 quoad sp. Roxb. tan- tum; Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 284. M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. FI. Ind. (1855) 158; A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 321 pl. 159; Kanjilal & Das, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 46—syn. nov. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 quoad sp. andamanica et Roxb. tantum; Parkinson, For. FI. Andaman Islands (1923) 223. M. glauca Bl., King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 320 pl. 157 quoad sp. andamanica, burmanica et et nicobarica tantum; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal 62, 2 (1893) 74. K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 561—syn. nov. Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. nicobarica Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 596 pro parte quoad King 536 (altera pars=K. laurina)}—syn. nov. K. lenta Pierre ex Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 584 (M. lenta Pierre Msc.); Lecomte Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et Fl. Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5, 2 (1914) 104—-syn. nov.—Fig. 4. 174 Vol. XVIII. (1961). Pe a - tN / oN c / ‘ ° oe j “a i ‘ aa E s G on ee / 74 = we > f Wii LY AMY LY LAE AOS MU Mi YH IY ii, Ley aT a7 - f CG ANE ray J a anu Hy Yo ti a), Oa win By, Lk ef uda U ay far ‘ \ \ Ai i i ' of “~~ *\ -— = SAO Qa S al ee \\\ . ou AY \\ Fig. 4. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. andamanica (Warb.) J. Sinclair. A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B—C, male flowers enlarged. D, same as A but showing older portion of twig. E—-F, female flowers. G, fruit. H, seed. A-D from Maung Ba Pe 12909 (DD). E-F from Po Khant 13230 (DD). G-H from V.S. Rao 5727 (DD). 175 Gardens Bulletin, S. Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark dark grey, peeling off in thin flakes; sap red, copious. Twigs rusty-tomentulose at the extreme apex, then blackish brown and finely striate, coarsely striate lower down. Leaves narrow-oblong-lanceolate, less often oblong, base acute, apex acute or sometimes bluntly acuminate, dark green and shining above, glaucous beneath; nerves 18—24 pairs, fine above, distinct beneath, midrib raised on both surfaces but the tower part on the upper surface lying in a groove which broadens out towards the petiole; reticulations distinct on both surfaces and forming a close network; length 12—20-(25) cm.; breadth 2.5-5 cm., but in some forms 5-10 cm. broad. Male peduncles 5 mm.—1 cm. long with scars of previous pedicels. Male perianth globose-triquetrous and 5 mm. long in bud, 8 mm. across when expanded, rusty-tomentose or tomentulose with very minute, dendroid hairs outside, glabrous and orange yellow or pale pink inside, thick and split half way or more into the lobes; pedicels striate, 7-9 mm. long with a minute, obtuse bracteole at the middle or rarely at the base of the perianth; staminal disc flat with 10—13 stalked anthers, its stalk striate, 2 mm. long. Female flowers oblong to clavate or turbinate, 6-7 mm. long on 5—6 mm. long pedicels with a median bracteole, split down half-way into the lobes; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 2 mm. in diam.; short style present ending in a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again divided into 3-4 lobes. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly narrowed at each end, rusty-tomentose when young with plumose hairs 1 mm. long, later almost glabrous, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.3-1.5 cm. broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long. Aril blood-red. . INDIA BENGAL: Western Duars, North Bengal, Gamble Nos. 2306A (K) and 2307A (K). SIKKIM (EAST HIMALAYA): Darjeeling, Gamble 2308A (K). ASSAM: S.1., Masters, March 1846 (CAL); Khasi (Khasia) Clarke 43779 (CAL); Hk. f. et Th. 1082 (K) and Ak. f. et Th. s.n. (A, BM, CAL, G Prodr., P, PDA, W) as M. gibbosa, probably both same col- lection; Bhuban Hill, Cachar, Kanjilal 4804 (CAL); Naga Hills, Collett 70 (CAL). ANDAMANS: Narcodam, Prain, March 1891 (BM, BO, CAL, G, K, L); Interview Island, Laurie, 23rd April, 1938 (DD); Mid Andaman, Parkinson 712 (CAL, DD); Long Island, Kirat Ram 3658 (DD) and Parkinson Nos. 706 (CAL, DD) and 764 (DD); North Baratang, Baker 220 (DD); Baratang, Parkinson 284 (DD, K); Diamond Island, Prain, 30th Nov., 1889 (CAL); the remainder South An- daman:—s.1., Hamilton s.n. (BM); Hei- nig 218 (CAL); King s.n. (G, K, L, LE, 176 Vol. XVI, (1961). NICOBARS: EAST PAKISTAN: BURMA: - MEL, P, SING, U); King, date 1884 (BM, BO, CAL, K, L, MEL, PDA); ure s.n.. (CAL. G, Prodc.. K, M, P); Tusonabad, King, 20th Aug., 1890 (CAL, PDA); Port Mouat, King, 27th Dec., 1890 (K, L) and King, 2/st Nov., 1891 (CAL); Balu Ghat, King, 24th Sept., 1892 (BO, CAL);~ Dhani Kari, King... Jan: T8932. (DER wGaAL,. UPS); Anikhet Hill Jungle, King, 5th March, 1893 (DD, K, MEL, PDA); Hobdaypur, King, 30th Dec., 1893 (CAL, P); Man- pur, King, 20th. Feb., 1894 (P, CAL); Mount Harriett, King, 19th Jan., 1895 (P); Ranga Chang, Prain 141 (DD, SING) and April 1891 (CAL, SING). King 536 (CAL; L, LE). East Bengal, Griffith 4348 (A, CAL, K, P) and Roxburgh s.n. (BM, P); the re- “mainder Chittagong:—Cowan 1460 (E); i} Dent-95 (DD): Wkitfrert Tess. (CA, Bm, ©, CAL, CGE;'E;FI, G Prodr., K, L, M, P, PDA, W) as M. corticosa; Ruo, 5727 (DD). S.1., Brandis Nos. 392 (DD) and 692 (DD); Upper Burma, Denning Outpost, Lohit Valley Road, 28°N, 96° 15’E, Kingdon Ward 7913 (K); Upper Burma, Brandis, April 1902 (K); Thaungyun, Upper Burma, Brandis 409 (DD); Myit-- kyina, Tagwin Evergreen Forests, Par- kinson 315 (DD); Myitkyina Hills, west of Hopkin, Parkinson 348 (DD, K); Bhamo, Cubit 619 (CAL); Kadu Hill, Katha District, Lace 5093 (DD, E, K); “Kokaung, Katha, A. Roger 806 (CAL); Kinwa Village, Kaladan River, North Arakan, C. G. Rogers 142. (CAL, DD); Paungbyin Reserve, Mawlaik, R. R. Chin 252 (DD); Tharrawaddy District, Par- kinson 630 (CAL); Pegu, Kurz 2431 (CAL, LE, P); Ngaputaw Township, Bassein, Po Khant 2044 (DD); Pyin- madan, Insein District, Parkinson 93 (CAL, DD); Myaukhlaing Reserve, In- sein, Po Khant 130 (DD); Mingaladon, Insein, Po Khant 13230 (DD); Ran- goon, Beddome s.n. (BM) and McClel- land s.n. (K); Rangoon, Dickason Nos. 5394 (A); 5394a (A); 5542 (A); 5585 (A); 5679 (A); 5828 (A) and 6689 (A); Rangoon, Po .Khant 981 (DD); Karen Country and Hills, Ton- kyeghet, Pegu, Kurz 983 (CAL, FI, M); Moulmein, Falconer s.n. (BO, DD, P); Dwana Range, W. Amherst, Falconer nos. 207 (CAL) and 2/0 (CAL) and face 47/62.(DD, EF, K); Su. Kon’ Ls 177 INDO-CHINA CENTRAL VIETNAM (ANNAM): SOUTH VIETNAM (COCHIN- CHINA): SIAM NorRTHERN DIVISION: SOUTH-EASTERN DIVISION: SOUTH-WESTERN DIVISION: DISTRIBUTION: TYPE MATERIAL: VERNACULAR NAMES: Gardens Bulletin, S. Chaung, Thaungzen Division, Maung Ba Pe 12909 (DD); Headwaters of Heinze Chaung, Tavoy, Gage 123 (CAL); Taepe, Tenasserim, Gallatly 837 (CAL); Mooltar, Tenasserim, Gallatly 898 (CAL). Mt Bana, Clemens 4191 (A, BM, G, K, Po, OC, US). Bao Miang, Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre 22 (BR); Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre (5) 26 (BM, BO, E, G, LE, P); Chua Chuang, Pierre (5) 66 (K, LE, P); Baria, Dihn, Pierre date 1/1867 (LE); Gia Ray, Prov. Bien Hoa, Poilane 2500 (P, SING); Me Kong, Thorel 2152 (P). Muang Fang, Kerr 5159 (BK, BM); Chi- engdao, Kerr 5547 (BK, BM); Ban Hue Pa, Me Hawng Sawn, Kerr 5470 (BK, BM); Me Rim, Chiengmai, Kerr Nos. 6446 (BK, BM, PNH) and 6447 (BK, BM); Me Li, Lampun, Winit 265 (BM); Che Sawn, Pa Mieng, Kerr 3122 (BM). Khao Pra Baht, Chantabun, Lakshnakara 508 (BK, BM). Chumpawn, Kerr 11663 (BK, BM). India, (E. Bengal, Sikkim, Assam), E. Pakistan (Chittagong), Andamans, Ni- cobars, Burma, Indo-China, Siam. Knema glauca Bl. var. andamanica Warb., Several syntypes, King’s collections; Narcodam, Prain, March 1891 (BM, BO* CAL, G, K, L); Kurz sa. (CAE, G/’Prodr., K, M, P); Hamilton’ 3.x. (BM). K. glauca Bl. var. nicobarica Warb., King 536 (CAL, L, LE) tantum. Myristica angustifolia Roxb., E. Bengal Roxburgh s.n. (BM, P). M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th., Khasia, Hk. f. et Th. s.n. (A, BM, CAL, G Prodr., P, PDA, W) the Kew specimen is numbered 1/082. K. lenta Warb., Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre 26 (BM, BO, E, G, LE, P). Japokrau§ (Burma); kywe-thway (Ran- goon); myauk-thway (Burma); lablu (Kachin); jhaiphal (S. Andamans); mak muang luat; mumuang luat; ma mung luat-noi; luat-kwai (Siam). 178 Vol. XVII. (1961). Warburg was the first to give a name to this Knema from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He recognized that the specimens belonged to K. glauca, (now K. cinerea) but that they differed slightly. He called those from the Andamans var. andamanica and those from the Nicobars var. nicobarica. The Nicobar plants, how- ever, represent two different entities. One syntype. King 536 is identical with K. cinerea var. andamanica but the other syntype, Kurz’s plant, is K. Jaurina. King included the Andaman and Nicobar plants in glauca along with the Burmese, Malayan, Javanese and Sumatran but did not give any of them a varietal name. The Java- nese and Sumatran plants are var. sumatrana. Some of the Malayan are also var. sumatrana, but Maingay’s numbers are var. patenti- nervia. I have included the Burmese and the Chittagong M. corti- cosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. as well as M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. from Khasia in var. andamanica. | have also included K. lenta and other collections from Indo-China as well as plants from Northern Siam in var. andamanica. The flowers of K. lenta are less tomentose and the plant is nearer to var. sumatrana. There has been great con- fusion with regard to M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. In Flora Indica Hooker f. and Thomson united Knema corticosa Lout. from Cochinchina. (now K. globularia) with the Chittagong, Burmese and Javanese plants. By doing so, they were only partly correct in that K. globularia (K. corticosa Lour.) does occur in South Burma at Rangoon, Tenasserim and Mergui but not in Chittagong or East Bengal. It resembles var. andamanica when sterile, but does not extend further north than South Burma where the two overlap. The var. andamanica extends north to Chittagong and Khasia in distributional range. Hooker f. and Thomson sug- gested that M. gibbosa was similar but did not unite it with their corticosa. In Flora British India, there is still more confusion, where Hooker placed the Chittagong M. corticosa under M. longifolia var. erratica and the Burmese and Andaman plants under M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. as well as the Javanese and Sumatran plants. He was of the opinion that M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. was the same as K. glaucescens Jack. He was correct only as in regard to the Javanese and Sumatran plants which indeed are K. glauces- cens Jack., [now K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair]. King’s M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. consists mostly of K. malayana Warb. Warburg used the name malayana because of the confusion and also because K. glaucescens Jack was earlier. K. cinerea var. andamanica is closer to var. sumatrana than to any of the other varieties. Actually the geographical separation of the two is not so very great when we consider that the distance from the north tip of Sumatra to the southern tip of the Nicobars 179 Gardens Bulletin, S: is only about 125 miles. Variety andamanica differs from var. sumatrana chiefly in the larger and more tomentose flowers, the. longer stalk of the staminal disc and in the slightly smaller fruit which is at first tomentose with hairs up to 1 mm. long. These hairs are shed later and then the fruit is more like that of var. sumatrana. The anthers are 10-13 as against 10-17 in var. sumatrana. The leaves are generally narrower with more distinct reticulations, being lanceolate and measuring 2.5-5 cm. in breadth as against 5—10 cm. in var. sumatrana, but in the Andamans there are also specimens with broad leaves up to 10 cm. in width as well as ones intermediate in size. King’s numbers (syntypes) include plants with narrow, intermediate and broad leaves. The plants from Burma, Chittagong and the other localities generally have narrow leaves. The specimens with the broad leaves look very much like var. sumatrana and more so when sterile. Parkinson stated in his Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, page 223, sub M. glauces- cens, that he thought there were two varieties, one with broad leaves and the other with narrow leaves. I have examined a lot of material from the Andamans and I do not think that there is any strong argument for further splitting up into varieties on account of the intermediate leaves. I now give some measurements which will show that splitting is unnecessary :— cm. broad cm. broad King s.n. leaves .. 34.5 Baker 220 leaves .. 5.8-6.5 King s.n. leaves sary 4S Parkinson 706 leaves .. 7-8 King s.n. leaves .. 45.5 Parkinson 764 leaves Tick. Parkinson 284 leaves .. 4.3-7.5 Kirat Ram 3658 leaves .. 8-10 Sterile specimens of var. andamanica are often difficult to dis- tinguish from those of K. globularia (K. corticosa) especially in the areas where the two species overlap. This is probably the rea- son why Hooker f. and Thomson included K. corticosa Lour. i.e. K. globularia with their M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. In K. globularia the leaves are generally thinner in texture and the petiole longer and more slender. The twigs, too are more slender. Both can have purplish brown patches on the twigs. At times one meets specimens which seem almost intermediate between the two. For instance the following from the Col des Nuages near Tourane, altitude 900 m. are troublesome:—Poilane Nos. 7990; 8073 and 8079. They have more coriaceous leaves than those of typical globularia and also resemble var. andamanica. The thickness of the leaves may be due to the altitude. I have named them globularia rather than var. andamanica. If they are indeed globularia, then one may be justified in describing them as a 180 Vol. XVII. (1961). variety or form of K. globularia. K. cinerea var. andamanica may also resemble glabrous forms of K. erratica but that species generally has more veins in the leaf and the reticulations are more distinct. The twigs are striate at the apex and never dark purplish brown. ‘var. cordata (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, comb. nov. Basionym: Knema glaucescens Jack var. cordata J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 310 f. 13, D. Synonyms: Myristica pulchra Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg.- Bat. 2 (1865) 51. Knema (1897) 600 t. 24 f. 1-2. SUMATRA WEsT Coast: PALEMBANG: MALAY PENINSULA: BORNEO SARAWAK: BRUNEI: WEST BORNEO: SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST BORNEO: EAST AND NORTH-EAST BORNEO: pulchra (Miq.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. Selungkor, Mid Sumatra, Koorders 10385 (BO). Rawas, Grashoff 1019 (BO, L, SING). Trengganu and Johore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 311. North slopes of Mount Penrissen, M. Ja- cobs 5030 (L, SAR) and 5100 (CANB, L, SAR); Matang, Smythies SAR 12511 (SAR, SING); Sinclair Nos. 10339 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR, SING) and 10341] (A, E, SAR, SING). | Peradayan F.R., Sow K.F.N. 80168 (K, KEP, L, SING). Lianggagang, Hallier Nos. 2994 (BO, L, - SING) and 3013 (BO, L, SING, U). G. Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Sakum- bang, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Provang, Korthals s.n. (L); s.1., Korthals s.n. (CAL, U). No. 24 L. Iboet, West Kutei, Endert 2721 (A, BO, K,'L); No. 29 L. Liah, West Kutei, Endert 3046 (A, BO, K, L) and West Kutei, Endert 3141] (BO); Central Kutei, Belajan River, G. Kelopok near Tabang, Kostermans 10415 (L); Sungei Susuk region, E. Kutei, Kostermans 5568 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Sungei Menu- bar region, E. Kutei, Kostermans Nos. 5103 (BO, L, P, PNH); 5209 (BO, K, L, P, PNH) and 5355 (BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING); G. Mentawir, Balikpapan region, Kostermans 9762 (BO, K, L); Labang, Amdjah 309 (BO, L, SING); Bukit S. Tulit, Amdjah 696 (BO, SING, U). 181 Gardens Bulletin, S. DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Knema glaucescens var. cordata J. Sinclair, Trengganu, Sinclair & Kiah S.F.N. 39959 (A, BM, BO, E, K, KEP, L; P; “SING holotype). Myristica pulchra Midq., South Borneo, G. Sakumbang, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (L) and River Tewe, Korthals, no specimens seen from the latter but this may be sheet Korthals sl. (CAL, U). var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, comb. nov. Basionym: Knema_ glaucescens Jack var. patentinervia J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 308 f. 13, C. Synonyms: M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 pro parte quoad Maingay 1280. f. patentinervia—Fig. 5 F—-H. SUMATRA TAPANULI: Padang Si Dimpuan, sub-division Padang Lawas, Pulau Limau, Rahmat Si Toroes Jie tL, UC). PALEMBANG: Grashoff 737 (BO, L); Ananang, Buurman v.. Vreeden Nos. 136 (BO) and 137 (BO). BANKA: Gunong Permisan, S. Selan, Biinnemeijer 2036 (BO); Jebus, Teijsmann 3475 (BO). MALAY PENINSULA: Trengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negri Sem- bilan, Malacca, Johore, Singapore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 309. New and first records for Kelantan:— Kampong Gobek, Kerilla Estate, Mohd. Shah & Kadim Nos. 471 (A, E, K, L, SENG) and 520 (A, _ FE, K, EE. PNB: SING). DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula. TYPE MATERIAL: Negri Sembilan, Ludin C.F. 1873 (K, KEP. SING holotype). f. longipedicellata J. Sinclair, f. nov.—Fig. 5A—E. Haec forma a K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. patentinervia foliis tenuioribus minoribus, nervis paucioribus minus distinctis, pedicellis floriferis fructiferisque longioribus et a K. stenophylla foliis majoribus, nervis magis distinctis, floribus majoribus. pedicellis longioribus, antheris pluribus differt. Folia chartacea, 5-16 cm. longa, 24.5 cm. lata, apice acuta vel leviter acuminata, basi acuta raro rotundata: nervi 10—-16—(22) —jugati tenues satis distincti; reticulationes utrinque quoque tenueés + distincti. Flores masculi 3-4 mm. in diam., intus pallido-flavidi. antheris c. 12 obtusis stipitatis praediti; pedicelli graciles, 1.3-1.5 cm. longi, medio bracteolati. Fructus leviter obovoideus, 1.2—1.7 cm. longus, 1-1.3 cm. latus cum stipite 8 mm.—1.5cm. longo. gracili, 1 mm. crasso. 182 a a ) Vol. XVIM. (1961). uy ney Re Ore ae ae Be SES \ ms G Cup AM! De, ' Fig. 5. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. patentinervia (Sinclair) Sinclair A bd f. longipedicellata J. Sinclair and f. patentinervia twig of f. longipedicellata with leaves and fruit. B, the same with very young fruit. C, the same with male flowers. D-E, the same, male flower and staminal column enlarged. F, leaf of f. patentinervia for comparison. G, fruit of f. patentinervia showing thicker fruit stalk. H, male flowers of f. patentinervia showing the shorter pedicels. A from Clemens 21206 (A). B from Clemens 20345 (L isotype). C_E from Purseglove 5041 (SING). F—G from Corner S.F.N. 28649 (SING). H from Ludin C.F. 1873 (SING holotype). Gardens Bulletin, S. Tree 4-10 m. high. Bark greyish-reddish brown, rough with some pustules when old but not furrowed or striate; sap red, copious. Leaves chartaceous, dark green and glossy above, glaucous beneath with yellowish green midrib, apex acute or slightly acuminate, base acute, rarely rounded: veins 10—16—(22) pairs, slender but distinct; teticulations fine on both surfaces; length 5-16 cm.; breadth 24.5 cm. Male flowers 3-4 mm. in diam., cream inside with 12 obtuse, stalked anthers; pedicels slender, 1.3—-1.5 cm. long with a + median bracteole. Fruit 1.2-1.7 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad, slightly obovoid, stalk 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long, slender, 1 mm. thick. BORNEO Sarawak: Ist Division:—Matang, Beccari Nos. 1396 (FI) and 1709 (FI, K, P); Telok Asam, Bako National Park, Purseglove 5041 (A, K, L, NY, SAR, SING); Gunong Gaharu, Serian, Sinclair 10289 (A, E, K, L, SAR, SING); Gunong Gading, Lundu, Sinclair 10376 (A, E, K, L, SAR, SING); Gunong Pueh (Mt Poi) Clemens Nos. 20016 (NY, SAR) and 20345 (A, BO, G, K holotype, L, NY, SAR); Nanga Pelagos, Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 35627 (A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING). 3rd Division:—Kapit, Upper Rejang River, Clemens 21206 (A, BM, BO, G, K, L, NY, PNH, SAR). WEsT BorRNEO: Pulau Tekemeng, Main 2065 (A, BO, K, L, PNH, SING). DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak and West Borneo). TYPE MATERIAL: Clemens 20345 (A, BO, G, K holotype, L, NY, SAR). This is the Bornean form of the var. patentinervia, which differs from the typical form of that variety chiefly in the longer and more slender flowering and fruiting pedicels. It also differs in the thinner and usually smaller leaves with fewer and less distinct nerves. After careful consideration, I have decided that this plant is best described as only a form of var. patentinervia and not as a variety since the affinities with typical patentinervia are close and obvious and that there is some slight approach by intermediate variations to var. patentinervia. This is seen in Main 2065 and Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 35627 where the leaves are slightly longer than in the average or typical states of longipedicellata, the specimens being somewhat intermediate but nearest to forma lJongipedicellata. There is also a close approach to K. stenophylla of the Malay Peninsula but that species has 6-8 anthers and its leaves are smaller with much fainter nerves and reticulations and the pedicels shorter with smaller flowers. The Bornean form longipedicellata ascends to over 900 m. on Mt Pueh. 184 Vol. XVII. (1961). var. rubens (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, stat. nov. Basionym: Knema glaucescens Jack forma rubens J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307 f. 13, B. ‘SUMATRA TaPANULI: Tutupan, Sub-division Toba, Rahmat Si Boeea 6022 (L,, UC). East Coast: Gurach Batu, Asahan, Yates 1819 (B, BO, NY, P, SING, UC); Masihi F.R., Kru- koff 4087 (A, BO, BR, BRI, G, L, LE, NY, SING, US); near Bandjalinggi, Karey of Tebing-tinggi, Ldérzing 7467 (BO). PALEMBANG: Lematang Ilir, bb9186 (BO). MALAY PENINSULA: Pahang, Johore, Singapore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307. BORNEO Sarawak: Matang, Beccari Nos. 1609 (Fl, G, K, M, ! S, W) and 2482 (FI, K) syntypes of K. conferta var. borneensis, see under K. * latericia. DISTRIBUTION: ‘Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Sarawak. TYPE MATERIAL: Singapore, Ridley 4819 (DD, K, SING holotype). It will be noticed that I have raised the status of rubens from a form to a variety. var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sinclair, comb. nov. Basionym: Myristica sumatrana Bl. Rumphia 1 (1835) 187 = M. glauca Bl. var. sumatrana (B1.) Mig. in Pl. Junghuhn. (1852) 171. Synonyms: M. glauca Bl. Cat. (1823) 111; Bijdr. 2 (1825) 576 et Rumphia 1 (1835) 187 t. 60; Miq. in Pl. Junghuhn. (1852) 171; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 320 pl. 157 pro parte excl. sp. andamanica et burmanica (= K. cinerea var. andamanica et K. globularia) et excl. Maingay Nos 1280—8&2 (—K. cinerea var. patentinervia); Koorders et Valeton, Med. Lands Pl. Tuin 17 (1896) 189. M. glauca Bl. var. sumatrana (Mig. see note) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 158 pro parte non typica (incl. sp. javanica et born.); A.DC. in Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 pro majore parte non typica; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 pro parte incl. sp. jav., born. et sumatrana tantum. M. corticosa var. lanceolata Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 384. M. corticosa var. sumatrana (Bl.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 384. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 157 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum; FI. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 pro parte incl. sp. typicum et excl. K. globularia, 185 Gardens Bulletin, S. K. malayana et K. cinerea var. andamanica. M. intermedia BI. var. minor Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70—syn. nov. M. geminata Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 385; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 322 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum excl. sp. malayana (= K. stenophylla) et excl. pl. 160. M. palem- banica Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 384. M. wrayi King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 315 pl. 151. Knema glaucescens Jack in Mal. Misc. 7 (1821) 35 et in Hooker’s Comp. Bot. Mag. (1843) 357 t. 148; Warb. Monog. Myrist (1897) 616: Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 302 f. 12 and 13, A. K. geminata (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 604 t. 24 f. 1-2 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum, excl. K. stenophylla; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 247 excl. sp. malayana (=K. steno- phylla); Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 72 excl. sp. malayana. K. glauca (Bl.) Ward Monog. Myrist. (1897) 594 t. 25 f. 1-3 incl. var. typica l.c. 596 et var. sumatrana (Miq.) Warb. l.c. 597; Koorders, Exkursionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258. K. palembanica (Miq.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 592 t. 25. K. wrayi (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 572 t. 24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 243; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70. _—Fig. 3H. SIAM PENINSULAR DIVISION: Kopah, Ban Krap, Bukit Tinggi, Haniff & Nur S.F.N. 2736 (CAL, K, SING) not globularia; Nang Yawn, Takuapa, Kerr 17078 (BK, BM); Kao Den, Patalung, Kerr 15309 (BK, BM). SUMATRA S.L.: Forbes 3141 (L); Teijsmann s.n. (L) as M. corticosa; Teijsmann s.n. (A, K) as M. corticosa var. sumatrana., ATJEH: Deli-Atjeh Border, W.N. & C.M. Bangham 652 (A, K, NY, SING). TAPANULI: s.l. Junghuhn 558 (K); Tobing, Angkola, Junghuhn s.n. (CAL (15), L) probably all one collection as type of M. corticosa var. lanceolata & glauca var. sumatrana. WEST CoasT: Agam, bb6578 (BO); Ayer Nancior, Pa- dang, Beccari 532 (FI, K, L); Mt Sing- galang, Beccari FI acc. no. 7792 (FI); Sungei Batung, Koorders 10382 (BO): (Padang), Korthals (17) (CAL, L); Mt Sago, Maradjo 57 (L); Bonjol, Teijs- mann 475 (U). EAST COAST: Botanic Garden, Sibolangit, Ldérzing 5780 (BO, L, SING); vicinity of Huta Baga- san, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea 6802 (A, SING, US); vicinity of Aek Moente (Aer Mutte) north-east of Tomuan Dolok and west of Sahabat, Asahan, Rahmat Si 186 Vol. XVIII. (1961). INDRAGIRI: BENKULEN: PALEMBANG: LAMPONG: PULAU WEH: PULAU _ SIMALUR: PULAU SIBERUT: BANKA: Boeea 9131 (A, L); Gurach Batu, Asa- han, Yates 1715 (B, BO, P, NY, SING, UC); Sigmata near Rantau Parapat, Bi- lia, Rahmat Si Toroes 3230 (A, L, NY, UC, US). Indrag. Uplands:—Kuala Belilas, Buwalda 6736 (BO, L); S. of Pekan Heran, Bu- walda 6782 (BO, K, L, SING); Kritang River, Buwalda 6968 (K, L, P, SING); Muara Padjanki, Buwalda 6448 (BO, K, L) narrow leaved form. Jack, date 1821 (L); Redjang, Karangan- jar, bb Nos. 7290 (BO, L, SING) and 8846 (BO). Near Paoe, Forbes 2466 (BM, CAL, L, LE, P); Lampar, Moesi River, Forbes 2606 (BM, CAL, L, LE); Tandjong Ning, Forbes 2718 (A, BM, FI, L, LE, P, PNH, SING); Bukit Tjirmin near Suka Radja, Forbes 2916 (A, BM, CAL, K, L, P, SING); Lematang Ulu, Lam- bach 1296 (BO, L); north foot of G. Pakiwang, north-west of Ranaumeer, v. Steenis 3433 (B, BO, L, SING); Muara- duwa (dewa) Teijsmann 3550 (BO, CAL, U); Ogan Ulu, Endert 59 (BO, L) and Teijsmann 3735 (BO, CAL, U); Dermo Enim, Teijsman Nos. 3640 (BO, U); 3641 (BO) and 379] (BO, U); Batu Radja, Kebur-lahat, Teijsmann 3620 (BO, CAL, MEL, U); Batu Radja, Ke- bur-lahat, Teijsmann s.n. (A, CAL, L. LE, MEL, U) and 3924 (BO, CAL, U) eet all one collection, numbered ater. ‘Wai Lima, Lampong Estate, Iboet 400 - 8846 (BO). Koorders 10531 (BO). Achmad Nos. 198 (BO, L, SING); 206 (BO, K, L, SING, U); 647 (BO, SING); 685 (BO, L, SING, U); 840 (BO, L, SING, U); 1139 (BO, L, SING); 1143 (BO, SING); 1176 (BO, L, SING, U); F459 (BO; L, SING, U); 1576 (BO, SING) and /579 (BO, L, SING). Kloss S.F. Nos. 14496 (BM, BO, K, SING, UC) and 14569 (BO, K, SING) and Iboet 164 (B, BO, L, SING). G. Maras, Kostermans & Anta 1299 (BO, K, L, P, PNH); G. Mangol, Kostermans &.4uta 652 (BO, K,. L, P, SING); Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Anta 922 (K, L, P, PNH, SING) on the L sheet var. patentinervia is also mounted; Pang- kat-pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING). 187 Gardens Bulletin, S. MALAY PENINSULA: Kelantan, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Jo- hore, Singapore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 304. JAVA S.L.: Blume s.n. (A, C, LE, NY) as M. corti- cosa; Blume s.n. (BO, L, P) several sheets as M. glauca; Commerson (Herb. Martius) (BR, P); Gesker (L); Hasselt s.n. (L); Horsfield (BM, CGE, K) the CGE sheet is numbered 3; Junghuhn 561 (K); Kollmann (G. Boiss, NY); Kor- thals s.n. (K); Labillardiére s.n. (K); Leschenault s.n. (P); Reinwardt Nos. (6) (L); (17) (L); (28) (L); Teijsmann s.n. (BM, L, LE, P); Teijsmann & de Vriese, date 1859-60 (L); de Vriese (Herb. Pierre 5469) (L, P); Zollinger Nos. 809 (P) and 1398 (P). WEsT JAVA: Tjimara, Udjong Kulon, Prov. Bantam, Koorders Nos. 5263 (BO, CAL, L) and 5286 (CAL); Udjong Kulon, Koster- mans, July 1949 (BO, K, L, SING); Kosala, Prov. Bantam, Forbes Nos. 486 (BM, BO, CAL, LE, PNH) and 592 (BM, BO, CAL, FI, K, SING); Gunong Karang, Pulasari, Pandeglang, Prov. Bantam, Koorders Nos. 5258 (BO) and 5259 (BO); Batavia, Junghuhn s.n. (BM, CAL, L); near Batavia, Kollmann (BM); Depok, Koorders 42238 (BO); Jianten, south of Leuwiliang, west of Bogor, Backer 25964 (BO, L, SING, U); Hadjere, Janlappa, Bogor, Utja & Wasijat Ja Nos. 6171 (BO, L); 6192 (BO, L); 6202 (BO, L); 6574 (BO, L); 6610 (BO, L); 66/1 (BO); 6615 (BO, L); 6676 (BO, L); 6688 (BO, L) and 6786. (BO, L); the following five Gunong Salak, Blume (L, NY); Koorders Nos. 24289 (BO) and 2429] (BO, L); Nees s.n. (LE) and Teijsmann H.B. 3057 (BO); Tjampea, Koorders 30472 (BO); Pangrango, H.B. 3060 (BO); Natur mo- nument, Nusagede, Pendjalu, Koorders 44595 (BO); Natur monument, Beumée 6079 (BO); Madjenang, Backer 18687 (BO, SING); Pasir Tjirangsad, Bakhui- zen v.d. Brink 3796 (BO); the remainder in Preanger:—Pelabuan-ratu, Koorders Nos. 5243 (BO); 11791 (BO) and 33082 (BO); Tjadas, Malang near Tjidadap, Bakh v.d. Brink Nos. 438 (BO, L) and 3001 (BO); Tjampaka near Tjidadap, Mt Tugu, Pasir Angin, Buwalda 3583 (K, SING); Tjampaka, Tjiharum, Bu- walda 3625 (K, SING); Tjidadap, G. Besar, Tjibeber, Winckel 308 (BO, CAL, L, U); the following Koorders numbers Takoka, Preanger:—Koorders Nos. 5244 (BO, CAL); 5245 (BO, L); 5247 (BO); 188 Vol. XVII. (1961). Mp Java: East JAVA: 11794 (BO, K); 12046 (BO); 12048 (BO); 25620 (BO, K, L); 25635 (BO, K, L); 25732 (BO, K, L, SING); 25779 (BO, K, L) and 32714 (BO); Tjimas, Koorders 5253 (BO, L); Sanggarawa, Koorders Nos. 5254 (BO, L) and 5255 (BO, L); Mid Preanger, Tjiguludug, Bandung, Ja 1502 (BO); Tjisewa, south coast, Warburg 3184 (L, M). Djatibosch, East Tegal, Beumée 3687 (BO); Tjilatjap, Ja 2919 (A, BO, L) and Ja 2448 (A, BO, L) and Koorders 30294 (BO); Kedu, Sempor, north-west of Gombong, Brinkman 655 (A, BO, K, L); the following seven Pekalongan, Subah:—Wanasari near Morgasari, Boot 33l1la (BO); Gondang, Hoffmann 6541 (BO) and 6609 (BO); Koorders Nos. 13335 (P, BO); 13561 (BO); 14258 (BO) and 27481 (BO, K, L); Prigi, Backer Nos. 11788 (BO) and 11954 ‘ (BO, SING); Wonosobo, Ja Nos. 2505 (A, BO, L) and 2533 (A, BO, L); Bod- ja, Darsepono, Semarang, Beumée 8881 (BO); Karangasen, Semarang, Koorders 5295 (BO, L, P); the following four in Djapara:—Teijsmann s.n. (BO, CAL, U) as M. intermedia var. minor; Zollin- ger s.n. (W); Ngarengan, Beumée 574 (BO) and Koorders Nos. 33609 (BO) and 35722 (BO); Pati, Pangonan, Ja a (BO); Kedalon, Rembang, Ja 1547 (BO)... Pogal, Mousset 1139 (L); Bodjonegoro, Klino, Ja 2036 (BO, L); Gunong Pan- dan, Koorders Nos. 12399 (BO, SING, U) and 12404 (BO); and Thorenaar Nos. 59 (BO); 75 (BO); 269 (BO) and 356 (BO); Gadungan Pare, Kediri, Koorders Nos. 22777 (BO, K, L) and 22838 (BO, BR, G Boiss., L); Tangkil, Pasuruan, Koorders 23513 (BO) and 23943 (BO, K, L); Lumadjang, Zollin- ger 2650 (BO, FI, G Boiss., MEL, P) and s.n. (U); Pantjur Idjen, Besuki, Koorders Nos. 5282 (BO, K, L); 5288 (BO); 13084 (BO); 14616 (BO, P); ior, tao L, PP); 14616 (BO); 14619 (BO); 21607 (BO, L, P); 21634 (BO, L); 28613 (BO, K, L) and 3229/7 (BO); Tjurmanis, Besuki, Koorders Nos. 5289 (BO) and 5298 (BO); Muntjar, Becking 54 (BO); Kali Wiming, Djem- ber, Backer 18330 (BO, SING); Sanga, Mumbul, Backer 30629 (BO, SING); Rogodjampi, Besuki, Koorders Nos. 5269 (BO); 5283 (BO, K, L); 5285 (BO, L, ’P); 5286 (BO); 5287 (BO, L); 5290 (BO;: L); 5293 (BO, L); 13147 (BO, 189 ISLANDS NEAR S.W. BANTAM: NUSA KAMBANGAN: Nusa BARUNG: MADURA: LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS BALI: BORNEO SARAWAK: Gardens Bulletin, S. L); 13257 (BO); 13270 (BO); 29021 (BO, G Boiss., K); 38902 (BO, K) and 39343 (BO). Pulau Meeuwen, Kostermans, June 1950 (A, BO, L, PNH, SING); Pulau Peut- jang, Sinclair 10010 (A, B, BM, E, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING); Pulau Pa- naitan, Mt Tendjo, J.v. Borssum Waalkes 402 (BO); Pulau Panaitan, Tandjong Kadam, J.v. Borssum Waalkes 587 (BO, iL): Banjumas specimens, Mid Java, are also placed here as Koorders wrote Banju- mas, Nusa Kambangan on his labels. He also sometimes wrote Nusa Kamban- gan or Banjumas only. Probably most or all of his specimens came from Nusa Kambangan and he intended Banjumas to mean Banjumas residency. Koorders Nos. 3491 (BO, L); 5273 (BO); 5276 (2031); 5278 (BO, L); 5279 (BO, 1); 5281 (A, BO, L, P); 12174 (BO); 12183 (BO); 12212 (BO); 15670 (BO, G Boiss., L, P); 20084 (BO, L); 20151 (BO); 20286 (BO); 21907 (BO); 21913 (BO); 24686 (BO, L, P, UC); 26938 (BO, K, i, Ps U); 26940 (BO, K, L,. P) and 27158 (BO); Banjumas, Pringombo, Koorders Nos. 27184 (BO, L, UC); 33866 (BO) and 33889 (BO, P, SING); Nusa Kambangan near Tjimiring, van _ Straelen 13 (BO). Koorders Nos. 5291 (BO, K, L) and 5292 (BO). Mt Geger, Teijsmann H.B. 1754 (BO, L). Tjandikusuma, Becking 145 (BO); Mt Sangiang Complex, Negara, West Bali, Kostermans, Kuswata, Soegeng & Soe- padmo Nos. 285 (BO, L) and 298 (BO, L); Pura Abian, Tuwung, Sanguidingin, Tabanan, Kostermans, Kuswata, Soegeng & Soepadmo 238 (L, SING). Beccari 1094 (FI, K, P); Haviland (Garai) 1036 (K); North slopes of Mt Penrissen, 1st Division, south of Kuching, M. Ja- cobs 5081 (CANB, L, SAR, SING); Gu- nong Gading, Lundu, ist Division, Sin- clair 10361 (A, B, E, FI, K, L, M, NY, SAR, SING); Tanjong Kibong, Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 36081 (BM, SAR, SING); Gat, Upper Rejang River, 3rd Division, Clemens Nos. 21600 (A, BM, BO, K, L, NY, PNH, SAR) and 22/19 (A, BO, K, NY, SAR); River Kenaban, Upper Plieran, 3rd Division, Pickles SAR 3624 190 Vol. XVII. (1961). BRUNEI: West BORNEO: EAST AND NORTH-EAST BORNEO: BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: (L, SAR, SING); the remainder 4th Di- vision:—Bukit Mersing, Tau Range, Purseglove 5188 (K, L, NY, SAR SING); North slopes of Mt. Kalulong, Pickles SAR Nos. 3738 (BM, L, SAR, SING) and 3757 (BM, L, SAR, SING); Bintulu, Jelalong, Senada SAR 10111 (SAR, SING); near Long Kapuas, Mt Dulit (Ulu Tinjar), Richards 1107 (A, K, L, SING). Andulau F.R., Ashton BRUN 588 (SING); north slopes of Bukit Patoi, Temburong, Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17401 (BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING). Sungei Sambas, Hallier 1125 (BO, L. SING, U); Pulau Lumukutan, JHallier 323 (BO, L, SING, U) and a Separate collection 323 = K. laurina; Sungei Lan- dak, Teijsmann s.n. (BO); Suka Lanting, Hallier 8 (BO, L, SING); Kapuas, Teijs- mann Nos. 8230 (BO, FI, SING) and * 8674 (BO, FI, SING); Sungei Sibau, Hal- lier 1192 (BO, L); Melawi, Ng. Risang, B. Bragan, bb26354 (BO, L). Mt Ilas Bungaan, Berouw (= Berau), Kos- termans 13900 (L); L. Iboet, West Kutei. Endert Nos. 2557 (A, BO, K, L) and 2822 (BO, K, L); Mt Maranga on Tund- jung Plateau, West. Kutei, Kostermans 12577 (L); Belajan River, Gunong Kelo- pok near Tahang, Central Kutei, Koster- mans Nos. 10451 (CANB, L, SING) and 10559 (CANB, L, P); Gunong Tepian Lobang, East Kutei, Kostermans - 5351 (BO, K, L); Pembliangan, Amdjah 941 (BO, L, U); Sungei Milier (Miiller Range), Amdjah 171 (BO); Sungei Oc- tung, Amdjah 343 (BO); Tikung, Ama- jah 938 (BO, L, SING, U); Sungei Magne, Jaheri 619 (BO); Sungei Pary, Jaheri 1133 (BO, SING); Sungei Sok, Jaheri 1755 (BO); Loa Djanan River region, west of Samarinda, Kostermans 9948 (BO, L); Sungei Wain region, north of Balikpapan, Kostermans 4327 (BO, L). Kinabatangan, Evangelista 1109 (A, NY); Suanlamba watershed, Sandakan, Castillo 646 (A, PNH, US); Payo River, Allen Nos. 625 (A, NY) and also K. latericia var. latericia and 628 (NY); Beaufort F.R., Jesselton, Sow K.F.N. Nos. 7165] (KEP) and 7/654 (KEP) small form, not stenophylla; the following Penibu- kan, Kinabalu, Clemens Nos. 30505 (A. 191 BANGUEY ISLAND: CULTIVATED: DISTRIBUTION: TYPE MATERIAL: Gardens Bulletin, S. B, BO, G, K, L, M, UC); 30888 (A, BO, K, L, NY, UC); 32027 (A, BO, G, L, NY, UC); 32156 (A, BO, NY) and 32202 AA, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, UC); Marai Parai, Kinabalu, Clemens 32852 (A, BO, G, L, NY, UC); Tenompok, Kinabalu, Clemens 28766 (G, K, NY); on hill south of Tabilong, at mile 18 on path from Kota Belud to Kudat, Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4237 (KEP, P, SAN, SING) small form, not stenophylla; *Ulu Moyah, 8 mls. S.S.E. of Malaman, Si- pitang, Wood SAN 16669 (KEP, L, SAN, SING; Ulu Mendalong, 6 mls. S.S.E. of Malaman, Sipitang, Wood SAN 16733 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Ulu Lu- kutan, 8 mls. E.N.E. of Sipitang, Wood & Wyatt-Smith A 4578 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Karukan, Goklin 3022 (K, L, PNH). Castro & Melegrito 1451 (A, BO, UC). Hort. Bog. Beccari 5618 (FI, K) origin Palembang; Beccari Nos. 7788 (FI) and 7788a (FI); Herb. Reg. Monacense, Blume s.n. (M); Hort. Bog. IVG 83 (L); IVG 93 (NY); Teijsmann 7685A (FI) origin Kapuas, Borneo; Warburg 1739 (C, G Boiss., L, LE, M) origin Sumatra. Siam (rare), Sumatra including Banka, Malay Peninsula, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands to Bali only, east of Bali, i.e. in Lombok it is replaced by var. cinerea, Borneo. It should be noted that Wallace’s: line passes between Bali and Lombok. Knema _ glaucescens Jack, Sumatra, Jack, date 1821 (L). M. geminata Migq., Batu Radja, Kebur-lahat, Sumatra. Teijsmann Nos. 3620 (BO, CAL, MEL, U); 3924 (BO, CAL, U) and s.n. (A, CAL, L, LE, MEL, U holotype). M. glauca BL., Blume’s collections, s.n. from various. localities in West Java, G. Salak (L, NY) several sheets; sl. (BO, L, P) several sheets. The following other loca- lities are quoted by Blume but not writ- ten on the sheets:—Tugu, G. Gede,. Pangrango, Tjisambang, G. Parang and Tjiradas. M. intermedia var. minor Miq., Djapara, Java, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, CAL, U_ holotype). M. palembanica Mia., Derma-Enim, Sumatra, Teijsmann Nos. 3640 (BO, U); 3641 (BO) and 379] (BO, U). M. sumatrana Bl., Padang, Sumatra, Korthals s.n. (CAL, L holo- type). * See addenda. I have removed it to K. cinerea var. alpina. 192 Vol. XVII. (1961). The reason for the name change of this well-known plant has already been given under K. cinerea var. cinerea. In the citation of literature, I have purposely avoided quoting Blume in brackets in the new combination, because the priority in this case dates from Miquel’s trinomial. The actual alternative name given by Boerlage for K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var sumatrana is M. glauca BI. var. sumatrana (Warb.) Boerl., but it should have been var. suma- trana (Miq.) Boerl. It will be noticed that Boerlage gave alternative names for most species of Knema described by Warburg, transfer- ring them back to Myristica, but he did not specifically say he did not uphold the genus Knema. It may be that he was determin- ed to have some credit should botanists in future not agree to ‘accept Knema as distinct from Myristica. Perhaps I may have lumped too many specimens under K. cinerea var. sumatrana, including some from Borneo with narrower leaves than in the typical var. sumatrana. Variety sumatrana is the commonest one and has a wide distribution. I have included K. geminata from Sumatra in it, but perhaps the latter might have been separated from it as another variety or form. I have seen some specimens of geminata with a few large leaves and a greater number of small leaves on the same sheet, so in any case it is extremely close to typical sumatrana with its larger leaves. (4) Knema communis J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 297 f. 10 & pl. TXB. Female flowers (mature) 5—6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, ae tomentulose on a 7 mm. long pedicel; bracteole median or slightly above the middle; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long with a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed. MALAY PENINSULA: Perak, Trengganu, Selangor, Singapore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 299. New and first record for Kelantan: —Kampong Gobek, Kerilla_ Estate, Mohd. Shah & Kadim 526 (A, E, K, L, PNH, SING). BORNEO Sarawak: Mt Matang, Beccari Nos. 1815 (FI) and 1960 (FI, K). SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler Nos. 2466 (BO, G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and 2467 (BM, BO, BR, G, K, L, P, SING). DISTRIBUTION: Malaya, Sarawak, South and South-East Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair S.F.N. 40522 (BKF, BM, BO, DD, Delhi Univ., E, K, KEP, L, M, P, PNH, SAN, SING holotype). 193 Gardens Bulletin, S- This species when sterile resembles K. scortechinii but has small- er leaves and more slender twigs. There are 7-9 anthers as against 10-14 in scortechinii. Beccari Nos. 1815 and 1960 are quoted by Warburg as part of the syntypes of K. conferta var. borneensis. See also under K. latericia. Lake & Kelsall, 6th Nov. 1892 from Johore and the following from Singapore recorded in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 296 as K. malayana should be altered to K. com- munis. They have smaller leaves, but seem to fit in here best:—- Ridley Nos. 1833 & 6447 and Sinclair S.F. Nos. 40717 & 40280. Sinclair S.F.N. 40386 distributed as K. malayana should also be changed to communis. They also resemble cinerea var. sumatrana but are not exactly that as all three species are close and they may represent a hybrid between communis and one of the other two, probably cinerea var. sumatrana but we cannot be certain and it is better as stated to place them with communis. . (5) Knema conferta (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 578 t. 24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 243; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958). 286 f. 6. Basionym: Myristica conferta King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Caic<3 (8894)-39> pr. “Iau: SUMATRA TAPANULI: Angkola & Sipirok Panobasan, Kd. Pu- hatan Lajan, 5bb29518 (A, BO, L): Labuan Baju, Sibolga, bb19392 (A, BO, L); Sirameramian, Sibolga & Omme- landen, bb26984 (BO, L). East Coast: Langkat, Bubu, bb9369 (BO); Beneden, Langkat, Alur Gusta, bb16406 (A, BO, is -INDRAGIRI: Danau Mengkuang, Riouw & Ond., Indrag. ‘ Bovenlanden, bb27497 (BO, L); Kuala Belilas, bb2759] (BO, L, SING). DJAMBI: Simpang, bb/3107 (BO). PALEMBANG: Rawas, Dumas 1617 (BO, L); Bajung Lint- jir, Banjuasin & Kubestreken, TIP724 (BO) BANKA: K. Gadung, bb10570 (BO); Blinju, Gras- hoff 101 (BO, L). BILLITON: van Rossum 63 (BO, CAL, K, L). RIOUW ~ ARCHI- PELAGO: P. Karimon, Paralabu, 6b20376 (A, BO, 240) K, L, NY). ‘MALAY’ PENINSULA: © Perak, Malacca, Johore and Sinneaes For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 288. 194 Vol. XVII. (1961). BORNEO West BorNEO: Kapuas, Sungei Ahas, bb1200 (BO); Palo, Becking 50 (BO). EasT AND NorTH-EAST BORNEO: West Kutei, No. 44 near L. Djanan, Endert 5063 (A, BO, K, L); West Kutei, bb16738 (A, BO, L); West Kutei, Mt Palimasan near Tabang, Belajan River, Kostermans 12800 (K, L); Central Kutei, Belajan River near a Bleh, Koster- mans Nos. 10286 (K, L, SING) and 10359 (L, SING); Sungei Muan Region near Balikpapan, Kostermans 4046 (BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING). BRITISH r NorTH BORNEO: Sepilok, Papahat, Sungei Arang, Kadir A934 (BO, CANB, K, KEP, SAN, SING). PULAU NUNUKAN: bb Nos. 26188 (BO, L); 29300 (BO, L, SING); 29340 (BO, K, L) and 29356 (A, BO, K, L, P, SING); north- “ern part, Kostermans Nos. 8634 (BO, K, L, P, SING); 8662 (BO, K, L, P, SING); 8686 (BO, K, L, SING); 8772 (BM, BO, K, L); 8934 (BO, K, L); 9017 (BO, K, L); 9059 (BO, L) and 9130 (BO, K, L); Meijer 1874 (L); Paymans Noss? (L):; 2. (BO, K, L, SING); 67 (BO, L); 74 (BO, L); 127 (L);Sutan Pennek 101 (BO, L). DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, Riouw Archipe- | lago, Malay Peninsula and Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica conferta King, King Nos. 6211 (CAL, FI, G, K, L) and 10295 (CAL, K, SING); Wray 2377 (CAL, K, SING); Griffith 4945 (A, CAL, KK): "Maingay 1297 (CAL, K); Ridley 442 (SING). VERNACULAR NAMES: Salak (Billiton); lipai (Sumatra). I have to exclude from this species var. tonkinensis Warb. -Monog. Myrist. (1897) 581 as the two syntypes of it are K. laurina (see under that species). I must also exclude var. borneensis Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580. Not one of the syntypes quoted by Warburg for this variety can be identified with conferta. See note under K. latericia for their identifications. I have seen specimens from Upper Burma, Indo-China and Siam often wrongly named conferta. Some of these are /aurina and others erratica. The form- er when sterile closely resembles conferta in its leaves and tomen- tum, but can be distinguished from conferta by the sunk veins on the upper surface of the leaf, best seen at the base of the leaf. The apical portions of the twigs are striate in conferta but not or seldom so in laurina. The second species erratica looks very similar to conferta since it has the same kind of striations, but the leaves: 195 Gardens Bulletin, S. are usually narrower. The tomentum in erratica tends to disappear, however, except on the lower midrib, but some specimens have the lower surface of the leaves covered with it. K. conferta so far has not been found north of Perak. (6) Knema curtisii (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 567 t. 25 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 240: Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 281 f. 4. _ Basionym: Myristica curtisii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3. (1891) 326 pl. 167. Synonym: M. sp. Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 113; Maingay 1301, foot note—Fig. 6. var. curtisii—Fig. 6C. SUMATRA East Coast: PALEMBANG: ' PULAU SIMALUR: MALAY PENINSULA: BORNEO SaRAWAK: BRUNEI: WEST BORNEO: EAST AND NORTH-EAST BORNEO: Sibolangit, Beumée 863 (BO); Fairchild 1046 (UC) and Lérzing Nos. 4623 (BO, L, SING, U) and /0124 (BO, SING). Rawas, Forbes 3193 (A, BM, CAL, K, L). Achmat Nos. 93 (BO, L, SING, U): 790 (BO, L, U); 927 (BO); 1152 (BO, L, SING, U); 1492 (G Boiss., L, SING) and 1803 (BO, K, L, P, SING, U, UC). Kedah, Penang, Perak, Trengganu, Pahang, Negri Sembilan, Malacca, Johore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 281. New and first records for Selangor:— Bukit Lagong F.R., Kepong, Kochum- men K.F.N. 83403 (KEP); Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 52271 (KEP) and Wyatt-Smith s.n. date 1948 (KEP). Upper Rejang River, Clemens Nos. 21207 (K, NY, SAR) and 2/208 (A, BO, K, M, NY, SAR); Bukit Pendam, Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 35739 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR, SING); 3rd Division, Kapit Dis- trict, Belaga subdistrict, left bank of Rejang River, 10 km. below Belaga near airfield, M. Jacobs 5223 (CANB, L, SAR). Bukit Biang, P. S. Ashton BRUN 5587 (SING). Amai Ambit, Hallier 3358 (BO, SING). Miiller Range (Bukit Batu Milier), Amdjah 14] (BO) and Jaheri 354 (BO); Gunong Labang, Amdjah 204 (BO, SING): West Kutei, Endert 2586 (A, BO, K, L); No. 29, L. Liah Leng, West Kutei, En- dert Nos. 3018 (BO, L) and 3062 (BO). 196 . Vol. XVII. (1961). Fig. 6. Knema curtisii (King) Warb. with four of its varieties. A, var. paludosa J. Sinclair, twig with leaves. E, the same with fruit. B, var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, twig with leaves and male flowers. C, var. curtisii, twig with leaves and fruit. D, var. arenosa J. Sinclair, twig with male flowers. A from Corner S.F.N. 26155 (SING isotype). B from Enggoh 10466 (L). C from Curtis 1024 (SING syntype). D from Kostermans 10194 (SING). E from Corner 15:4:34 (SING). 197 Gardens Bulletin, S. PULAU TARAKAN: Amal-Path, Meijer 252] (BO, K, L) and Meijer 2590a (BO, K, L). DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Mpyristica curtisii King, Curtis 1024 (CAL, K, SING) and 1320 (K, SING); Scor- techini 292b (CAL, FI, G, K, L, SING); Wray 2112 (CAL, K, SING) and Main- way 1301 (CAL, K, L). VERNACULAR NAMES: Bengkiring (Sumatra). There are 20—25 anthers in K. curtisii and not 30-45 as stated by previous investigators including myself. The number of anthers in certain species of Horsfieldia and Myristica has often been miscounted and here in this Knema the appearance of the anthers is also deceptive, each pollen sac looking like two instead of only one, due to their close proximity in unopened flowers. var. amoena J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 7. A typo foliis liguliformibus angustissimis, marginibus fere parallelis, nervis et reticulationibus indistinctis; a var. arenosa foliis magis coriaceis, apice obtusis, et a var. paludosa foliis longioribus angustioribus differt. Arbor 18 m. alta. Cortex pallido-griseus, levis; latex roseus exilis. Folia coriacea, supra modice viridia nitida (in sicco nigro- brunnea) subtus glauca, ligulata, apice obtusa, basi acuta, 5—8 cm. longa, 1—1.8 cm. lata; petioli 7 mm. —1 cm. longi, graciles. Flores masculi intus pallido-flavi. Fructus ignotus. BORNEO BRuNEI: Andulau Forest Reserve (west), Sinclair 10442 (A, B, BM, BO, E, K holotype. ze L, M, NY, SAR, SING). DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Brunei). The leaves of this variety resemble those of var. arenosa in being long and narrow, but differ as they are more coriaceous, obtuse at the apex and dry a dark brown above instead of green. They are also longer and different in shape from those of var. paludosa and with nearly parallel sides, but agree in having an obtuse apex and the same colour on drying. The veins and reticulations are indistinct or invisible. The flowers are fragrant when crushed and of a cream colour inside when fully open. var. arenosa J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 6D. Synonym: Myristica lanceolata Msc. Herb. Korthals, nom. nud. in sched. (non M. lanceolata Wall.) A typo foliis multo minoribus, lanceolatis, nervis supra invisibilibus subtus tenuissimis vel inconspicuis, reticulationibus utrinque fere invisibilibus differt. 198 Vol. XVII. (1961). m Cyaan Fig. 7. Knema curtisii (King) Warb. var. amoena J. Sinclair. A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C, ~ staminal column. All from Sinclair 10442 (SING). 199 Gardens Bulletin, S. Tree 6-15 m. high. Bark smooth, with very small dents here and there, pale brown or straw-coloured; sap dark red, copious. Leaves chartaceous or dark green above, glaucous beneath, lanceolate with nearly parallel sides, apex acute or bluntly acute, base acute; nerves not visible above, very fine and faint beneath; reticulations almost invisible on both surfaces, seen only on the lower surface with a lens; length 2.5—7 cm., average 5 cm.; breadth 8 mm. —2.3 cm., average 1-1.5 cm.; petioles very slender, 5-8 mm. long. Male flowers rusty-tomentulose, fragrant when crushed, 3-4 mm. long, pedicels 8 mm. —1 cm. long with a minute median bracteole. SUMATRA MENTAwAI ISLANDS: Pulau Siberut, Tibokbongi, bb17487 (BO). BORNEO Sarawak: Semengoh F.R., Kuching, Sinclair 10183 (A, B, E, K, L, M, NY, SAR, SING). SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST BORNEO: Sakumbang, Korthals (99) (L) as M. lan- ceolata Korthals nom. nud. EAST AND NorTH-EAST BORNEO: Tidungsche Landen, bb18174 (A, BO, L, SING); Mentawir, Balikpapan, Koster- mans 9764 (BO, K, L, P, SING); Loa Djanan, East Kutei, Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO, K, L, P, SING); and Koster- mans 10194 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Tepian Lobang, East Kutei, bb14646 (BO, L); Sangkulirang Island, Koster- mans 4927 (BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING). PULAU NUNUKAN: Northern part, Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO, K, L, P, SING) and Zainal Abidin 21 (BO, L) = bb34623. DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra (Pulau Siberut) and Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO, K_ holotype, L, \P, SING). A variety with uniformly small chartaceous leaves from sandy ridges. The nerves and reticulations of the leaf are not or scarcely visible. Fig. 6B. A typo foliis magis coriaceis, oblongis cum marginibus fere parallelis, apicibus linguiformibus, reticulationibus utrinque dis- tinctis differt. Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, thin, almost smooth; sap copious, pink. Leaves medium green and glossy above, glaucous beneath, mostly oblong, sometimes lanceolate, apex bluntly acute var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, var. nov. 200 Vol. XVII, (1961). or obtuse, base acute or rounded: reticulations distinct on both surfaces; length 9-14 cm.; breadth 3-5 cm.; petioles 1 cm. long. Male and female flowers rusty-tomentulose outside, pink inside. Male flowers 5 mm. long and 6 mm. broad (not yet open) with 19- 25 anthers, average number 20; pedicels 8 mm. long. Female flowers 5 mm. in diam., with a tomentose ovary and a 4-6-lobed stigma; pedicels 8 mm. long, stouter than in the male. Fruit not seen. BORNEO Scan AND SOUTH-EAST . BORNEO: - Sampit Region near Kuala Kuajan, Koster- - mans 7942 (K, L,. P, SING). EAST; AND _ __ NorTH-EAst _ BORNEO: Gunong Moeara-Tagel, Amdjah 144 (BO, K, L, SING); West Kutei, No. 37 near Mt. Kemvel, Endert 3559 (A, BO, K, L). BRITISH NorTH : BORNEO: Kabili F.R., Agama 3990 (K, L, SAN); , ; Kabili-Sepilok F.R., Castro 7275 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); ditto cpt. 15, Eng- goh 10466 (K, KEP, L); Sepilok F.R., cpt. 16, Sinclair 9294 (A, B, BM, E, K, L, M, SAN, SING) and cpt. 14, Wood SAN 16322 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING); Gurulau, Upper Kinabalu, Clemens 50432 (A, K, L, LE).. DISTRIBUTION: Borneo except Sarawak, Brunei and West Borneo. TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 9294 (A, B, BM, E, K holotype, _L, M, SAN, SING). When I first made acquaintance with this plant I intended to give it the rank of a species and to place it next to Knema curtisit. Later, after I had seen all the material of curtisti including its other varieties, it seemed reasonable that the plant in question could only rank as yet another variety of the somewhat polymorphic curtisii. The leaves of var. linguiformis are more coriaceous and different.in shape (never elliptic) from those of typical curtisii, the sides being nearly parallel and the reticulations more distinct. The leaf base is often rounded and the apex obtuse or less acute. var. paludosa J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 6A & E. A typo foliis minoribus, elliptico-lanceolatis vel obovatis, apicibus obtusis, fructibus maioribus, stipitibus crassioribus differt. Tree 12-18 m. high with a few stilt roots. Bark greyish-yellow, smooth; sap pale red, scant. Leaves variable in size, but smaller than in the typical form, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, base acute, 201 Gardens Bulletin, S. apex obtuse, less often bluntly acute; nerves very faint or not visible above, slender beneath; reticulations faint on both surfaces; length 4-8 cm., average 4—5 cm.; breadth 1.5—4.5 cm., average 2.5 cm.; petioles 5 mm. —1 cm. long. Fruit apricot-yellow, ridged on the line of suture, ellipsoid, 4-5 cm. long and 2.5—3 cm. broad; stalk 1 cm. long, thicker than that of the typical, 4 mm. thick. Aril deep rose-carmine to rose-crimson. SUMATRA TaPANULI: Pulau Poene, Sibolga, bb3770 (BO). PALEMBANG: Bajunglintjir, Banjuasin & Kubestreken, Dorst TIP751 (BO). MALAY PENIN- Kampong Hubong, Endau, Kadim 287 (A, SULA JouHorRE: B, BM, E, K, L, SING). SINGAPORE: Jurong, Corner S.F.N. 26155 (BO, CAL, K, SING) a swamp now drained and trees cut down; Mandai Road, Corner, 15th April, 1934 (SING) and Kiah S.F. Nos. 37123 (A, BO, KEP, SING) and 37148 (A, BM, BO, BRI, K, KEP, SING); Bukit Mandai, Goodenough 3376 (CAL, K, SING). BORNEO Sarawak: Lundu, Clemens 22291 (A, BO, K, NY, SAR). DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Singapore, Sarawak. TYPE MATERIAL: ny 26155 (BO, CAL, K_ holotype. SING). VERNACULAR NAMES: Budjang lalu (Sumatra). This is a fresh water swamp forest form distinguished from the typical by the presence of ‘stilt roots, smaller, obtuse leaves and a larger fruit with a thicker fruit-stalk, the latter 4 mm. thick as against 1.5-2 mm. thick in typical curtisii. The Singapore specimens were formerly all included by me in K. curtisii [Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 283] where I pointed out that they were slightly different from the typical. Unfortunately the swamp at Jurong has now been drained and the trees there cut down. I have looked for this variety at Mandai Forest myself, but so far have failed to find it. If it still exists, the tree is certainly very rare in Singapore now. One ought to search for it in the swamp forests of South Johore at Kuala Sedili and along the Kota Tinggi-Mersing Road for more records. I have just received a recent record of it from felled, fresh water swamp forest at Endau, N.E. Johore. (7) Knema elmeri Merr. in Univ. Calit. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 75. —Fig. 8. Tree 8-15 m. high with a rounded crown. Bark greyish-brown, flaking; sap red, watery, copious. Twigs with greyish-brown bark which tends to crack and peel off, angled and rusty-pubescent at the apex, glabrous lower down. Leaves chartaceous or thinly 202 Vol. XVIII. (1961). ROS, 4 I a Fal Fig. 8. Knema elmeri Merr. A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B—C, male flowers enlarged. D, ovary and stigmas. E, fruit, F, scales from lower leaf-surface. A from Elmer 21042 (A). B-C from Sinclair 9311 (SING). D from Sinclair 9299 (SING). E-F from Wood & Kilang SAN 16643 (SING). Gardens Bulletin, S. coriaceous, dark green above and glossy, densely tomentulose with silvery or pale brownish, stellate scales beneath, oblong or oblong- elliptic, apex acute, sometimes slightly blunt, base acute or less often slightly rounded; midrib raised on both surfaces, except at the base on the upper; nerves 15-20 pairs, slender and slightly raised above, prominent beneath where they are brown when dry, curving gradually, line of interarching rather faint; reticulations close but faint, being obscured by the white indumentum on the lower surface; length 12—22-(26) cm.; breadth 5—8.5 cm.; petiole 1—1.5 cm. long, puberulous. Male flowers pale brown-tomentulose outside, scarlet inside, 8-9 mm. across when expanded, 5 mm. in diam. in bud, lobes ovate, acute, thickened at the centre; pedicels 5—7 mm. long with a minute, median bracteole; staminal disc con- vex like an opened umbrella, pink on a 0.5 mm. long stalk; anthers yellow, 10-12 (average 10), horizontal, well-spaced and not touch- ing each other, oblong, sessile. Female flowers of the same colour as the male, 6 mm. in diam. in bud, sessile or on a 1 mm. long pedicel; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long, stigma with about 8 lobes (bifid and each lobe again divided into 4). Fruit | oblong or obovoid-ellipsoid, rusty-tomentulose, 2.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad; stalk very short, 2-5 mm. long. Testa pale brown. BORNEO BruneI: Ulu Supon, Tutong, Ashton BRUN 865 (BRUN, SAR, SING). BRITISH NorTH BORNEO: S.1., Agama 419 (A, BM, BO, K, P, US); Tawau, Elmer Nos. 21042 (A, BM, BO, BRC, G, K, LE, M, NY; BS U, UC) and 21527 (A, BM, BO, BR, C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, Sixt. UC); Sub-cpt. 16, Cpt. 2, Bombay T.C. Concession, Kalabakan, 30 mls. W.N.W. of Tawau, Wood A4139 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 14, Sepilok F.R., Sinclair 9311 (K, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 15, Se- pilok F.R., Sinclair 9299 (E, K, L, SAN, SING); Bettotan, Sandakan, Puasa 4587 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); N. slopes of Bukit Batangan, 5 mls. S. of Malaman, Sipitangz, Wood & Kilang SAN 16643 (KEP, L, SAN, SING). PULAU NUNUKAN: Meijer 2327 (BO, L); Mara, Bulungan, bb10756 (BO). DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Brunei, British North Borneo and P. Nunukan). TYPE MATERIAL: Elmer 21527 (A, BM, BO, BR, C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING, U, UC holo- type). 204 Vol. XVII. (1961). A small tree of lowland forest, striking and beautiful from the white, silvery appearance of the undersurface of the leaves. It must be placed along with K. hookeriana, furfuracea and latericia on account of the bark of the trunk and twigs tending to crack and scale off, the sessile anthers, the numerous stigma lobes and the median bracteole of the pedicel. It is nearest to K. latericia, the leaves being of about the same size, but it differs in the convex staminal disc, the shorter tomentum of the fruit and above all in the silvery lower surface of the leaves. (8) Knema erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sinclair, comb. nov. Basionym: Myristica erratica Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 156: A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 323 pl. 162. Synonyms: M. longifolia Wall. ex Bl. var. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) Hk. f. et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110. Knema siamensis Warb. in Fedde, Repert. 16 (1919) 254—-syn. nov. M. angusti- folia Roxb., sensu Kanjilal, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 45. K. yunnanensis H. H. Hu in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 63, 8 (1938) 387 in obs. sine descr. nom. nud.; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 328. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th., sensu Kanjilal, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 45 quoad sp. Sibsagar.—Fig. 9. Tree 20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown with large thin flakes; sap copious, blood-red. Twigs with conspicuous striations and furrows right up to the pale, yellowish-brown, tomentose apex. Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, often with nearly parallel sides, apex acute or acuminate, base acute or rounded, glabrous and shining above, thinly covered with light brown stellate hairs beneath when young, later becoming glabrous except for the midrib or persisting; main nerves 20-30 pairs, fine and raised above, prominent beneath, reticulations forming a dense close network above (as in K. conferta), also visible beneath but somewhat obscured by tomentum:; length 16—30 cm.; breadth 3—7 cm.; petiole 1-1.5 cm. long. Male flowers light brown-tomentose, obtusely triquetrous or sub-globose, split down _ to 2 way into the perianth lobes, 5 mm. in diam.; pedicels 7 mm. long with the bracteole median or above the middle: staminal disc flat with a short stipe: anthers 10-13, mostly 13 sessile (King says stalked). Female flowers with a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed. Fruit solitary or in pairs, ellipsoid, 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, densely covered with stellate tomentum when young, the tomentum shedding later; stalk slender, striate, 5 mm. —1 cm. long. Aril scarlet, very thick. 205