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CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS

The person charging this material is re¬ sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book.

Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University.

TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

JUN 2 6 1997

When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162

mm

J"

THE DI66EMINA' 0F ALL MATTERS * PERTAiHirtG a TP THE

L/W •

fm

ill

Air Under Pressure as Compared with Natural Draft; How it Applies.

The Schurs Crude and Fuel Oil Burners .

Texas Brick Manufacturers will Convene at Houston .

A Huge Filtered Water Reservoir for Doudon .

The Hudson River Brick Traffic .

Characteristics of a Foreman .

A New Brick Machine Concern .

Birmingham Brick Industry is Kept Busy .

First Brick Made in America. . . .... .

Ceramics Men Make Successful Tests. . .

All Clay Workers to be Organized.. . . . . ...

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer .

Pacific Coast News Items. . . .

Will Enlarge Their Plant Soon.

Buildiug at Highest Rate .

Austrian Chinaware Trust Dissolved.

Obituary . .

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Will Test Oklahoma Clays .

Many Industrial Plants Increase Activities Owing to Rush of Orders

Accidents, Damages and Dosses ... . .

The Cost of Brick I.aying by a Municipality.

CT5.000 Sewer Pipe Plant for Dresden .

The Four Hastings Brick Yards Busy .

Potters are Conservative in Considering Resolutions .

New York Brick Demand Better. . .

Arkansas Brick Manufacturers Meet.

Denver Fire Clay Co. has been Reorganized.

Will Develop I.and near Bessemer. . .

Differences Aired in Organization of Conservation Commission .

Five-Year Brick Rates Dowered .

Gimbels New York Store starts up a Big New Jersey Plant.

Victims of Fever at Washburn's being well Cared For.,

Potters Pay Expenses for Camp Meeting .

Sand or Dime Brick or Block News Pottery News Items Miscellaneous Items

•vr

- • i ^ r! ’Tuir/Y?!. . Jtag

Ikes*

imperative demands from all sections of the country for a cutting table to accurately cut stiff mud face brick has brought out the Champion, the next upward step in the evolution of Rotary Cutters. It is semi-automatic and all of the desired qualities are there, we find nothing to improve about it. It has won its way by sheer merit. It has the good will of every face brick maker who uses it, and many more who have but seen it. It is chock full of perfection. We haven’t room to tell you all about it here, but write now.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,-

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLHV RECORD.

Improved Reliance Friction Drum Hoist

STEAM OR BELT DRIVEN

Specially Adapted to Service in Clay Plants

RELIANCE MACHINE and TOOL WORKS, % i* Mg.

RELIANCE

BRICK PRESS

The Only

Machine Making Brick Without Granulated Centers

No Toggles Powerful Simple

We Design and Equip D ry Press Brick Plants Complete

THE BOYD BRICK PRE55

Built in Two, Four and Six-Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished. More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick a chines combined.

T t> e Press has great strength and endurance, great pressure and long dwell. J »oyd 1 resses built 20 years ago are still in use and doing good work. Brick Presses that last are the cheapest in the end.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL.

5

CHISHOLH, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment of brick plants with complete plans.

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

„ . . . . . . VX

fau^aw-^vv . .

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

-■T. . »»»■■■■..' -Ul !■.■ ■«

*yj& wmM

x-U

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

7

CLMV RECORD*

The highest development of the Art of Brickmaking Machinery so pronounced by the United States Government.

The 1905 Berg Press

Many other steps further forward in im¬ provement and highest grade of material and workmanship, also cut gearing. Fully guaranteed as to its success. Manufactured by its inventor in Toronto, Canada, exclu¬ sively. Plans and specifications on the different kinds of plants furnished, also all equipments.

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

The BERQ for the highest grade of pressed brick of shale or clay. It makes all kinds of shapes and sizes of brick. Changes from one shape to another can be made in less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬ ship. Cut Gearing. Fully Warranted.

The BERQ MAKES the highest grade of fire brick. Can make all kinds of shapes desired for fire-brick purposes.

Three distinct pressures make the brick evei^y* * I pressed all through. No granulated cen¬ ters of the brick.

The BERQ is the best for sand and cement be- cause of its strong pressure. Uses less c e - cheaper brick.

The BERQ makes the best sand-lime brick and cheapest because it is the strongest machine and gives the highest pres¬ sure. Thirty-five sand- lime plants in United States use the BERQ Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

ment, makes

BERG BRICK PRESS

8

The Ternholtz Brick Pres*

Weighs SIXTEEN Tons, Built for Heavy Work

Holds Pressure on Material Longer and Presses it Harder with Less Power than any other Dry Press

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company

1446 Old Manchester Hoad, s ST. LOUIS, MO.

t

Adopted and Pur¬ chased by the United States Gov¬ ernment for use in the Federal Prison at Ft. Leaven¬ worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible Press with an Irresistible Pressure

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick Machine made, and the only Press that gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - - ST, LOUIS, MO.

10

CLHY RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Hachines with Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, Ill.

i

11

UNION BRICK MACHINES

We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000 brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬ faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

r

r

i

}

i

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

res

12

rp PJ TZT! p Q rp rp g

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class having Steel Gear and Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best Material by the Best Workmen.

Simple, Strong and Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. Si A. POTTS Si CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by F*otts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY CHILLED

RING OILING BEARINGS STEEL SHAFTS

H ARD STEEL CUTTING BARS ADJUSTABLY SECURED

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank. Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays. The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

j Built to D o the Work

M anufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly Improved in Strength and Convenience

Capacity Increased 60 per cent

Power Required to Operate, 40 per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

We also Man¬ ufacture a Complete Line of

Dry Press Brick Machinery and Brick Yard Supplies

Write us your needs and let us figure with you.

U/ye

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

CLAY

CRUSHERS

Brewer Crushers are built in a great variety of kinds and sizes. There are Conical Roll . Crushers, Straight Roll Crushers, Beaded Roll Crushers, Disintegrators, Compound Disintegrator Crushers and Dry Pans. All in two or more sizes and high=grade construction.

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white-iron shells? Our catalog describes them.

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds. The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have removable white-iron shells. The gears are 5l/2 in. face. The journals are 12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the safety of other parts is jeopardized.

The Specifications Tell the Story

if Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications ^ Marked

<®> II. Brewer & Co. <®>

It ’» Good TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN It’sO-.od

16

CLKY RECORD.

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witH Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

No Charge for plans or for the right to use this system.

Pay only for what you get and nothing for a piece of “ Blue Sky.”

Vol. XXXV. No. i.

CHICAGO, JULY 15, 1909

S«ml-Mo»thly, #1. #0 p»r T*«r Slnsrl* copies, - !• Cents

AIR UNDER PRESSURE AS COMPARED WITH NATURAL DRAFT: HOW IT APPLIES TO BRICK KILNS.*

By John C. Boss, Elkhart, Ind.

Among the various opportunities which have come to the writer to prepare papers to be read at conventions and for publication, this is one of the first invitations I have ever made bold to accept. I feel there are good reasons for my not having accepted such invitations in the past, being only a common, country brick-maker and reared as such, and never being able to enjoy the opportunities of a technical training along some of the established lines.

These facts being true, and coupled with the further fact that usually at such gatherings the foremost talent of the land is present to present for your consideration the more advanced thoughts pertaining to the art in which you are engaged (and to a striking degree is this talent present here on this occasion), well might one shrink from the responsi¬ bility of daring to present a paper along a given definite line when in fact, it should be the reverse in that I should be here to receive rather than give instructions. In expla¬ nation would state that the reason I am here today is to give you a comparative word description of the art of using air under pressure in the burning of brick as compared with that of the old conventional way of natural draft, or free air.

I have noticed with a great deal of interest the discus¬ sions and exchange of ideas that have taken place between the brick-makers of your state, as to what means could be employed to overcome the manifest difficulty of securing a substitute for wood.

It is plain that where brick-makers have always had ac¬ cess to wood for at least water-smoking their brick, then this very convenient fuel is abruptly cut off, brick-makers are rather at a loss to know, at the moment, how to over¬ come the difficulty; and I have observed the use of coke has been urged upon you for the reason that it could be employed in the same capacity as wood (that is, it will produce a nice, clean fire the same as wood).

I am convinced that when I explain to you how air under pressure can be employed and by means of which it will be possible to utilize the poorest, cheapest grades of coal slack, or screenings, and produce 31 water-smoking fire that will challenge wood as to its clean, hasty, water-smoking effect, it will at once be plain to you that unless I had had sufficient previous experience to know whereof I speak, I certainly would not have the boldness to come in your midst to present this idea as I do.

* Read at the last meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association.

Singular as it may appear to the average brick-maker who has not been brought in direct contact with this propo¬ sition, a coal slack fire with air under pressure, properly applied, will not only water-smoke your brick kiln equally as good as a wood fire, but it will accomplish this result successfully in less time. By the peculiar application which is made the soot and smoke, which would otherwise be prev¬ alent in a green brick kiln with an ordinary coal fire with natural draft, is entirely consumed by the use of air under pressure and again, singlar as it may seem, a brick kiln that will not show any appreciable draft with a wood fire for at least from twelve to twenty-four hours the old way, will at once assume an air of activity when a coal slack fire with air under pressure is employed.

You will bear me out in the statement that the old way of burning a brick kiln usually during the early period does not produce any sort of active water-smoking conditions and a brick kiln that is being water-smoked is not so much in need of fire as it is in need of dry, superheated air. The principle the writer desires to bring to your notice at this time is that, owing to the general nature of a green kiln, the old style fire will not become active and produce an effective result unless it becomes unmanageable and beyond control, which, in fact, finally gives off too much heat or else not enough.

By using air under pressure the minutest or smallest fire can be maintained, but, small or large, the fire is con¬ stantly of a penetrating kind and character. The fire is such that it will consume all of the gases and no carbon or gases are thus permitted to enter into the brick kiln in an un¬ burned or unconsumed state. To meet this condition we arrange a small opening underneath the fire door which, during the water-smoking period, admits free air. Each fire-box is similarly equipped. The fire-doors on the brick kiln are kept constantly closed, from the time the fire is started until the kiln is burned. During the water-smoking period this small hole underneath the fire door is allowed to remain open and immediately back of the hole on the in¬ side we maintain a sharp fire sufficient in size to meet the water-smoking conditions of the clay. This fire is not al¬ lowed to go into the kiln untempered, nor is any air ad¬ mitted into the kiln untempered.

The air entering through this small opening enters with a rush over the surface of the sharp fire and a constant even temperature of superheated air is flowing into the brick kiln with the attendant result that a stimulated action is at once produced and maintained until the kiln is thor¬ oughly water-smoked.

165118

18

CLKV

From the foregoing description you will readily see that if there is any difference between the various fuels for water-smoking, that the coal slack fire, with air under pressure, has a decided advantage over other fuels, with free air.

When the brick-kiln is thoroughly water-smoked, we close this small opening under the door, as the brick-kiln from now on is not so much in need of superheated air as it is in need of fire, and air entering over the top of the fire would tend to kill or reduce its effect or action, so that from now on the kiln is supplied with a gradual flow of blaze and heat in accordance with its needs.

At this stage we now enter upon the period of raising the heat in the kiln which, with the old way of burning, is usually a very difficult one. The fire does not at once be¬ come active and sharp as when we use air under pressure, and having to bring free air into the kiln from the outside, the side of the kiln from which the wind blows tends in a most serious manner to disturb the heat conditions within the kiln and this heat disturbance constantly taking place, it is manifestly impossible to burn as good a kiln as though the heat were allowed to travel unmolested and undisturbed through the kiln to its completion.

For a long term of years I have been laboring hard to educate myself as well as the brick-making public on the principle of why it is possible to produce a brick-burning heat in a brick kiln. A large majority of our most accom¬ plished and able brick-makers who have battled with this question for a long term of years ; men who, for the most part, are able to produce a high percentage of well-burned brick kilns, constantly go through a certain fixed process of consuming fuel and burning brick and yet utterly lack the proper knowledge of why good results are accomplished, on the other hand, when failures are had, the reason for such failures.

If you will bear with me for a moment, I would like in the most brief manner possible to present to you gentlemen at least the ground foundation plan or fundamental reason why brick will burn, how the heat is produced, and how it transpires that failures are had. The principle involves two different ideas; one is the reason why heat travels through the kiln and is absorbed by the brick, which is quite generally known and understood by the brick-makers as capillary attraction. This is a God-given element placed in the clay by direct intent so that when the first brick next the fire becomes filled with heat, it through this in¬ herent element conveys the heat to the next brick to it. So much for the reason why heat will travel in brick-kilns.

Now as to the heat wave and the important part it plays in the production of heat and the burning of the brick. It is plain that from some source heat is derived which pro¬ duces a chemical change in the brick and it is likewise true, and most of you in my hearing today have had the experience that certain kilns would finally require from one-third to one-half more fuel than some previous kilns, and it is this heat wave which, when forced to travel in an even uniform tenure through the kiln, as it travels from one brick to the next, in burning out a certain inherent element in the clay, adds to and aids in producing an additional brick burning heat.

The fraternity at large does not consider in sufficient measure the all-important feature here referred to. We sometimes term this heat, or classify it, as a wave of heat, and at least calculation from 50 per cent to 60 per cent of the heat in your brick-kiln is produced through the instru¬ mentality of this heat wave. In other words, if the heat wave is dissipated, it is never again possible to permanently and effectively re-establish it without enormous fuel loss

and to the permanent detriment of an otherwise first class, well burned kiln of brick.

This brings us to the all-absorbing principle of how and why it is possible to control this virgin wave of heat which never starts to establish itself until the brick is past the red heat stage, and this heat wave forms the fundamental principle or process of brick burning. It contains a sup¬ posed mysterious, potential power with which every brick- maker should be thoroughly conversant. Now please under¬ stand me correctly. What I mean to convey is, that brick burners who will conceive the proper idea and thoroughly analyze this heat wave condition will, in the most successful manner be able to produce a larger percentage of first class kilns of brick than otherwise successful brick burners who do not understand this heat wave principle.

We will assume that the brick-kiln has come to the stage or period when the heat wave is fully established, fed and nursed by an artificial fire. This heat wave is, for the most part, not to exceed 3' thick and embodys and embraces not only the fundamental brick burning principle, but within its zone is where all the actual brick burning changes . take place.

If this argument be true and the principle correct, it should not be necessary for me to point out the essential features or the absolute importance of maintaining this heat wave. In order that you may understand more fully, it is well that you have the correct idea to the effect that the heat wave travels not only in the form of a wave, as described, but it travels under very heavy pressure, in fact, an appreciable, measurable pressure, and at the slightest provocation the tendency is to dissipate itself. If for any reason it is allowed to become dissipated, or broken, it cre¬ ates within the kiln what is termed, or what we are some¬ times pleased to call, “wild-fire.” It acts flighty, has no known positive course of travel, no positive execution or work to perform.

Now as to the method of maintaining this heat wave: The active principle involved is a very simple one. First, it is absolutely necessary that a given and known quantity of oxygen and air should enter into each and every firebox without interruption. With the Boss System the kiln is kept air tight from the outside, the fire doors never opened except for firing purposes and the wind may blow a heavy gale from start to finish and have absolutely no effect what¬ ever on the heat conditions in the kiln, for the reason that the air is supplied to your kilns from underneath and under pressure, and the flow of air or oxygen is constant, the fire never becomes clogged or choked, and as a result the heat wave is allowed to travel uninterruptedly through the kiln which results in a first class good uniform burn.

In most instances, in the absence of a well burned kiln, the trouble is ascribed to the lack of proper fuel when, in fact, the fuel conditions have no bearing on the situation whatever, and the sooner brick-makers come to understand this heat wave principle, and its far reaching effect, the better it will be for them for the loss of this heat wave forms the foundation of most of the difficulties in burning which confront brick-makers today.

In trying to describe to you the great importance that attaches to this heat wave, I am impressed with another thought. It may appear to you as unworthy of mention, but in order to make the individual brick burners here present understand the importance of the heat wave and brick kiln action, I have often termed the brick burner’s lack of understanding that of his inability to understand “brick kiln language.” I firmly contend that brick kilns possess the ability to speak and talk to the brick burner as intelligently as any of the gentlemen in my hearing today are able to converse with one another, and it is too often the case that brick burners are too much given to firing

CLHY RECORD.

19

their kilns by the watch, or at stated intervals, whether the kiln is ready for the fire or not, and the needs of the brick kiln are entirely ignored. Brick kilns often beg for certain changes in the conducting of the burning process, and in too many instances we take a diametrical course to that which the brick kiln actually requires. No brick burner is capable of laying claim to being a successful brick burner unless this “brick kiln language” is given the most careful thought and he proves his ability to master it.

In many instances where the heat wave is dissipated or allowed to become lost, another detrimental result follows : The heat will then run in pockets, become unbalanced, and produces in an up-draft kiln what is commonly known as “cold spots.” “Cold spots” have been attributed to a great many different sources and considered to be of a freakish character ; and while a great many of our brick-makers have been able in a measure, to overcome this difficulty and trouble, yet the real principle of wrhy the “cold spots come is never properly understood, all of which can be directly attributed to the loss of this heat wave.

There are two different sources from which cold spots may be had in brick kilns. One is, a choking of the kiln from soot. This first effect is entirely eliminated by the use of the Boss System of burning.

The second is a cold spot effect that is produced bv the loss of the heat wave. The heat wave, in this case, having become dissipated the heat run up in “pockets,” and the part of the kiln on top to which the heat did not go is the part that usually gets cold.

Another feature of trouble that comes from the loss of this heat wave is cracks in a brick kiln, which forms what is commonly known as the careening of kilns. The clay journals at various intervals have published long articles on why brick kilns careen. The reason, however, has not yet been attributed to the proper source, and the careening of brick kilns is entirely attributable to the loss of this heat wave, for the following reason :

If the heat wave is dissipated it will seek for avenues of escape, and if this situation is allowed to become serious it will never again be possible to re-form the heat wave on an evenly balanced basis.

In some instances, especially when the wind is blowing hard from any given direction, and for a long period of time strikes the kiln on one side, the wind blowing into the open ash pits, as is the case with the old style firing, it will have a tendency to disturb and destroy the heat wave, causing it to rise faster on the opposite side from which the wind is blowing and settle the kiln in a shorter space of time than on the windward side.

Under such circumstances the heat will either go too rap¬ idly to the middle or, to the contrary, it will all go to the heads. In the first instance, if it goes to the middle, the kiln will settle at that point, forming large cracks a distance away from and along the high places. If the heat wave perchance goes to the heads and avoids the middle, the kiln will settle along the heads, leaving a high place in the center and along this dividing line will form heavy cracks, and in such instances the careening of the kiln will be very serious.

On the other hand, if a kiln is kept air tight from the outside, which results in the heat wave not being disturbed and allowed to travel evenly throughout the entire kiln, it will not careen ndr will it form cracks. With the Boss System it is absolutely impossible to encounter these diffi¬ culties, as by the old method of burning in up-draft kilns. .

In dealing with cracked or checked brick, we will again go back to the water-smoking period : our desire is to show you that a water-smoking fire, with air under pressure, is a very decided advantage enabling you to water-smoke the brick readily without injury from cracks and checks.

This damage to brick, with the same fire application, varies as to the nature of the clay, whether it is of a rich and silky character, or otherwise. We occasionally find some clay and shale that is coarse grained which, with the most flagrant abuse, the brick will still remain intact and firm and show no damage.

When fire is started in a brick kiln the brick will imme¬ diately begin to go through a sweating process which brick- makers term water-smoking. This sweating process im¬ mediately compels the brick to become larger on account of the moisture that is produced and emitted from the brick. Take for illustration new mown hay; it is allowed to re¬ main in the field until it is dry and thoroughly cured, at least apparently so, but when the hay in this dry state or condi¬ tion is placed in the barn, or haymow, a sweating process immediately begins which is absolutely identical with that of the sweating process which takes place in the early periods in the firing of a brick kiln, and it is only after the sweating process has been completed that the brick are dry from a standpoint of actual water — moisture.

The process of carrying off this moisture when it is started immediately begins to increase the size of the out¬ side of the brick, in carrying them through this sweating process, will become large until thoroughly dried and when the outside of the brick does become dry it shrinks to its final last state. The damage lies in hastening the process too rapidly ; the outside will become dry a'nd baked before the moisture has all escaped clear to the center, and under these circumstances you will readily see that when the brick is increased in size too rapidly by means of the pro¬ duced dampness, if care is not exercised it will tend to break the texture of the brick, separating the outer formation from the core.

When the brick are completely dry, the fracture may be closed so effectually that it will not be visible to the naked eye, though in many instances it may be visible. In either case, however, the brick will be batty and not show firm and strong. This process of cracking the brick or breaking the texture of it is fourfold, or in other words, the damage can be done at four different periods.

We will now assume that the water-smoking period was completed without injury to the brick; when you begin to raise the heat in the kiln they again begin to swell. In other words, heat swells brick and enlarges them the same as moisture. This enlarging process continues until the brick is thoroughly soaked and filled with heat to the center. If the heat raising process is applied too quickly, the outer shell of the brick will become enlarged and will, at the same time, create a fracture or break between the outer part of the brick and the core, and when the center of the brick finally becomes heated, it will open up at almost the same period when the outer part of the brick would like to shrink and contract, thus doing irreparable injury to the brick.

As to the last danger point. We now come to where we are preparing to settle or shrink the brick, causing it to assume its final shape.

If the settling process is hastened too rapidly there is great danger of shrinking the outside shell of the brick and not permitting the settling process to take its regular course and allow the core to settle at the same time the out¬ side of the brick settles or shrinks. In other words, a brick that is properly settled should begin the shrinking process in the center, or core, of the brick, and this is absolutely impossible unless the settling heat has penetrated to the center of the brick to equal intensity as that of the outside and too much haste in either of these fundamental changes is injurious to the brick.

This again brings us in direct contact with the heat wave, as follows: If the heat wave is conducted through the kiln in an orderly manner, its tendency is not to travel faster

20

CLAY RECORD.

than the ability and power the clay possesses to shape itself and assume the various chemical changes. The reason for this is that since these elements are of a God-given character, we always find that God’s ways are orderly and will not produce any counter-irritant, unnatural, unfinished effects, but to the contrary the final completion will not only be orderly but the results will always be that of a perfect product.

However, there is one more factor entering into the question of successful burning with coal, or coal slack, and that is the proper width of kilns. In the early brick-making* periods in the United States when timber was so plentiful and the quality of brick little considered, it was deemed economy to have wide kilns and, under the circumstances it was quite possible to burn the wide kilns and secure material that was usually marketable ; but as time progressed and wood became scarce and the public educated to the fact that poorly burned brick were unnecessary, the argument for narrow kilns became a powerful factor, especially when an attempt is made to burn brick with an all coal fire, and even at that to employ the cheapest grades of coal slack, or screenings.

It may be said to the credit of at least some of the brick- makers that they are beginning to realize the error of th{ primitive way of doing, and of late we do find some who will concede to make their kilns narrower, which is an absolute necessity for good brick burning.

Respecting the effervescence or whitewash on brick walls, it is plain that many of our best brick men, in many in¬ stances, do not understand the source of this difficult prob¬ lem and how to overcome it. It is had from three different sources, can be easily avoided, and when not properly un¬ derstood and the brick properly treated in drying and burn¬ ing, it becomes a very serious annoyance.

The first source of trouble or avenue through which this effervescence can be established on brick, is in the dryer. If the brick are dried too hastily, or in other words, if the circulation in a dry kiln is not good and the heat is raised to too high a degree, it boils the dampness into the brick and causes this moisture to adhere in a' peculiar manner, so that even if these brick are put into a kiln and otherwise prop¬ erly burned afterward, they will show the whitewash or effervescence.

The second source of trouble: If the brick are properly dried in the dryer but the water-smoking process is hastened too rapidly in the kiln, by means of which the same moisture is boiled and cooked into the brick at too high a temperature, you firmly establish the trouble in the second instance, and the brick thus ruined, both in drying and burn¬ ing, will be troubled with this difficulty ever after.

The third source of trouble is had as follows : Suppose you dry the brick properly in the dry kiln and also water- smoke them properly, but burn the brick just one or two shades too light. Such brick will be troubled with the whitewash in a very serious manner only that in the last instance the whitewash will disappear and again appear at intervals, whereas the whitewash produced from the first two sources referred to, the whitewash will be in evidence almost continuously.

THE SCHURS CRUDE AND FUEL OIL BURNERS

It has long been an acknowledged fact that the burning of brick or any kind of clay goods with oil is by far the best process, the only interference with the successful operation of same has been in the oil burners, but now this is done away with, for John Schurs, 1007 North Main street, Los Angeles, Cal., has come forward with a number of burners that are fitted for the several different kinds of work.

These burners are sold under guarantee, and are designed especially for burning brick, tile, terra cotta, lime kilns and for forge use. They have been proved beyond a question to be the most economical steam and air burner on the market.

The Schurs Perfected Burner No. 1 is designed for down draft kilns. It is the only brick burner having a hood which protects the low fire from strong drafts when water smok- mg, and draws the flames to the top. The hood saves the fire bags by making a short and open flame. You can see by the illustration just how the hood works. By means of the Universal hanger the flame may be regulated as de¬ sired, and turned upward, downward or to either side.

Shurs Burner No 1 on Down Draft Kiln

The steam chamber and the oil chamber are one casting. When water smoking the hood is screwed back and allows 1-32 inch steam space between the two tips. This increases the power pressure at the tip and good results can be ac¬ complished with very little steam. For a heavy fire, open the tip. One turns and regulates the steam and oil with valves on pipes.

CLHY RECORD.

21

For down draft kilns the Schurs burners are installed as in the illustration, you will notice that they are hung from above, there is a big advantage in this, because it keeps a great deal of obstructive matter from reaching the valves and tips.

The Schurs burner No. 2 is especially designed for com¬ mon up-draft kilns, and has a handle for adjusting tip to suit low or heavy fire. When water smoking the burner should point downward, for a heavy fire raise the burner, open the steam valve wide, screw handle tip back so as to give the desired amount of steam and regulate the oil with valve to make a vibrating flame, which forces the flame gases to the center of the kiln and back to the head. It is an ideal burner for up-draft kilns. It is always ready, and there is no repairs to make before firing kiln. It has no delicate parts to wear out or clog up. The casting is of solid brass and never gets out of shape.

TEXAS BRICK MANUFACTURERS WILL CON¬ VENE AT HOUSTON.

Saturday, July 17th, the Brick Manufacturers’ Associa¬ tion of Texas will begin their semi-annual session in Hous¬ ton. The meeting will continue for three days and it is ex¬ pected that representatives of the association will be pres¬ ent from all the larger cities of the state.

As a majorty of the delegates will not arrive until Sat¬ urday afternoon no effort will be made to call the associa¬ tion together until Saturday night, when a brief session will be held in the assembly room of the city hall. This will be for the purpose of arranging preliminary details and no business of importance will be considered at this

meeting.

Schurs Burner No. 2 showing side motion.

In the old style pipe burners, leakage at the screws and around the tips is a great defect. There is no such defect in the Schurs burners.

The illustration shows a No. 2 burner with pipe connec¬ tions, with side motion to suit arch in kilns, and the other illustration shows its connections with up-draft kilns, thrown forward and downward for water smoking.

G. A. Wild, the well known superintendent of the Los Angeles Brick Co., states he has been using 72 No. 2 burners, and can recommend them to anyone looking for a good burner.

The burners are easily adjusted, which enables the men in charge of the kilns to handle a large number of them at a time.

The Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co., which has three plants, are now using 500 of the Schurs burners, and say they are economical, durable and easily controlled and give entire satisfaction.

The following table shows the per cent of gain with oil over other fuel :

3L2 to 4 barrels of oil equal to one ton of coal.

2 y2 barrels of oil equal to one cord of white oak wood.

2^4 barrels of oil equal to one cord of red oak wood.

23/2 barrels of oil equal to one cord of black oak wood.

2 barrels of oil equal to one cord of pine or redwood.

42 gallons of oil equals one barrel.

One gallon of oil weighs 7.6191 lbs.

One cubic foot contains 7.476 gallons.

231 cubic inches contains one gallon.

To find contents of cylindrical tank multiply the diameter •in feet by 3.1416, which will give you the circumference in feet. One-half the circumference times the radius multi¬ plied by the length of the tank in feet, will give the number of cubic feet in the tank, and that multiplied by 7.476 will give the contents in gallons.

Sunday the visitors will be given an excursion to Betti- son’s pier, near Galveston, and will devote themselves to the sport of Isaac Walton, as the geusts of the Houston members of the association.

Monday the real business of the meeting will be trans- ^pEaass acted. A program of interest to brick manufacturers the whole country over has been arranged and the local mem¬ bers of the association are looking forward with no little interest to the discussions scheduled for the morning and afternoon sessions.

The topics to be considered are as follows :

' “Utilization of Waste Heat for Water-Smoking and Burning” — W. D. Green, Gonzales, Texas; E. C. Hoadley, Fort Worth.

“'Mud Brick” — M. K. Sacks, Houston; S. N. Johnson, Laredo.

“Condition of Market in North and South Texas” — Du Pont Lyon, Sherman ; Sherman S. Brady, Houston.

“Keeping Cost of Production” — J. W. Jones, Beaumont; W. E. Weatherford, Ferris.

“Lignite as a Fuel for Burning Brick” — R. D. Harry,

Dallas ; W. M. Staniforth, Gainesville.

Schurs Burner No. 2 on up draft kiln ready for water’s working.

“Best Clamp Construction” — Edw. Whitmer, Thurber; Walter Bermett, Millsap ; J. N. Harris, Waco.

“Lien Laws of Texas as to Protection for Brick Makers” — O. H. Grass, Waco ; C. R. Sherrill, Corsicana.

“Sand and Lime Brick” — W. O. Fitch, San Antonio.

The officers of the association are W. M. Staniforth, Gainesville, president; W. E. Weatherford, Ferris, first vice president ; S. B. Marshall, Mesquite, second vice presi¬ dent ; J. M. Harry, Dallas, secretary and treasurer.

22

GLAY R£GQRu.

A HUGE FILTERED WATER RESERVOIR FOR

LONDON.

Written and Illustrated by the English Correspondent of the Scientific American.

The maintenance of an adequate water supply for the constantly expanding English metropolis is a problem of supreme importance and one of no little difficulty. The main sources of supply are the River Thames at a point well above tidewater, the river Lea, and wells sunk into the solid chalk. Recently the facilities for supplying water have been appreciably improved by the erection at Honor Oak, in the southeastern suburban area, of a huge covered-in reservoir, the largest of its type in the world, for storing filtered water, the capacity of which when full is s8, 000,000 gallons.

voir. At the same time the brick plant offered an econom¬ ical solution of the problem of disposing of the greater part of the excavated material for the foundation of the reser¬ voir, etc., which material aggregated 173,000 cubic yards.

After all the water supply companies of London were subsequently consolidated into the Metropolitan Water Board, the undertaking was rapidly completed. The un¬ dertaking was designed and carried out under the super¬ vision of Mr. J. W. Restler, M. Inst. C. E., the deputy en¬ gineer-in-chief of the Metropolitan Water Board, to whose courtesy we are indebted for the accompanying illustrations and for much information.

It is the primary purpose of this reservoir to maintain a low-pressure supply throughout the metropolitan area on the southeastern side of the Thames. But if occasion

'1 lie arciieS lliat

The necessity of a new reservoir was recognized as far back as the early nineties. Not until 1898 was work begun by the local water supply company. In that year a large brick-making plant was erected on soil eminently suited to brick making. The result of this development was rendered obvious during actual constructional work, since/ the brick material was available on the spot and delays, as'vvell as cost of transport, were avoided. The saving thus effected may be readily realized when it is considered that upward of 16,000,000 bricks were utilized in the building of the reser-

support the roof.

should demand, it can be dispatched by means of mains un¬ der the river to the northern territory. The maximum water level of the reservoir is approximately 144 feet above ordinance datum. The depth of water throughout the greater part of the structure is about 21*4 feet, but in a part of the northeastern section it reaches a depth of 34 feet.

The reservoir is divided at right angles into four sections, each of which is independent of the others, so that any one may be emptied when desired for cleaning, without inter¬ fering with the service, suitable appliances being provided

... . i .

CLAY RECORD.

23

for diverting the water from the supply main into one or other sections. The building is erected on a natural clay formation, the flooring being of solid concrete forming in¬ verted arches, crossing one another at right angles. From the apex of each groining, spring piers of solid brick work of cruciform section to carry a brick roof, comprising a ser¬ ies of segmental arches running parallel the whole length of the structure, with segmental jack arches at right angles carried from pier to pier throughout the series. The re¬ servoir is therefore divided into a series of cells 21 feet 6 inches square from center to center of the brick piers, the thickness of the brickwork of the latter being 18 inches with a width across of 4^4 feet. Down the centers of the inverted arched floor extend drainage channels communi¬ cating in a well near the intersection of the reservoir into the four sections, while at the actual point of intersection of the division walls is a circular valve chamber 24 feet in diameter extending from the bottom to the roof of the building, and into which lead the mains for supply, inter¬ communication with the four sections, and draw-off, these pipes being of 42 inches diameter and fitted with 36-inch valves operated from a valve house above.

Interior, Showing Way of Lividing Rtbtivcir ii to L’ays

In addition to the brickwork for the arched roofing, there is a 6-inch outer covering of concrete finished with clean cement, upon which is distributed a thick layer of clay and 6 inches of mold originally cleared from the site, so as to present a flat, level top surface. At frequent intervals 6- inch air pipes are distributed over the bays for ventilation and admission and escape of air during the respective pro¬ cesses of emptying and filling the reservoir.

The two division walls which run at right angles and di¬ vide the reservoir into four sections are cambered back to back with the intervening space filled with concrete. The outer walls are of concrete, with brick lining, ample precau¬ tions having been taken to bond the two thoroughly to¬ gether. The thickness of the retaining walls varies from 16 feet to 6 feet at the base, and each bay is provided with a buttress reaching in most cases to the first pier. In those places where the pressure is the greatest the buttresses for the retaining wall are carried back to the fourth bay from

its face. Around the outside of these retaining walls a pud¬ dled clay wall 3 feet .thick is provided, the puddle being taken well down into the London clay and rendered thor¬ oughly water-tight by careful tamping. This wall is carried up to, and connected with, the layer of clay extending over the entire roof of the structure. O11 the northern and parts of the eastern and western portions, where the top of the reservoir projects above the natural surface of the ground, an earthen embankment is provided, which embankment is composed of alternate layers of earth and burnt ballast of 20 inches and 4 inches thickness respectively, and with a slope ranging from 2*4 to 3*4 to 1.

The reservoir measures 824 feet in length between the walls, and has a maximum width of 587 feet. The total area covered approximates 14^ acres, the actual water area being a little over 10 acres. The supply is drawn from the 42-inch main, which brings the filtered water from the pumping station at Hampton, some 17 miles distant. The outlet pipe is of the same diameter. The supply can be augmented from a deep-well pumping station, which has been erected on the site, and from which a large quantity of water can be drawn. This well has a diameter of 11 feet and is sunk for a depth of 300 feet, the lower half of which is through chalk. Headings have been driven into the latter in all directions to a total length of 3,400 feet. The water is raised by two sets of three-crank vertical triple-expansion engines coupled to deep-well pumps having cylinders of 18 inches bore bv a stroke of 5 feet. The water thus obtained, in addition to being discharged into the adjacent reservoir, can be delivered into mains feeding two other reservoirs in the vicinity. The total cost of the enterprise has been $1,200,000. - -

THE HUDSON RIVER BRICK TRAFFIC.

William E. Curtis says : “I do not know a more thor¬ oughly useful river than the Hudson. The Saugenay and the Columbia, with which it is often compared for beauty of scenery, practically have no commerce. The Danube, the Nile, the Irrawaddy, the Amazon, the Orinoco, the Rio de la Plata, the Ohio, the Missouri and the Mississippi are all much longer and larger, but have nothing like the traf¬ fic. 1 have heard it asserted that the Hudson carries more tonnage than all the other rivers in the United States com¬ bined. and more, even, than the Thames, the Seine, the Elbe or the Mersey in comparison to its length.

Probably no other valley in the United States has so much traffic as that of the Hudson, where two railroads and a great river are carrying the produce and manufactures of a continent to our greatest place of export and returning with the merchandise of New England and other parts of the north Atlantic coast, as well as the imports from for¬ eign lands.

The navigation season on the Hudson is about the same as that on the great lakes and will average seven months, during which time about twenty million tons of freight are transported, mostly upon barges and canal boats, which go down and up lashed together like an enormous raft and towed by one or more powerful tugs.

The largest item in the traffic is building brick, which are made at many points along the Hudson from the clay of which its banks are composed. I lie brick kilns are too many to count ; some of them are two miles long, and three or four of them produce more than a million brick a day. Some of them employ several hundred men, and, altogether, about 22,000 men and boys, mostly of foreign birth, are engaged in brick making. 1 he total cargoes of brick floated down the Hudson during the year are about 6,000,000 tons. Thev are transported in barges made es¬ pecially for the business, some of them carrying half a million bricks.'

CHARACTERISTICS OF A FOREMAN.

There are many who doubt the expediency now of pro¬ motion from the bench to the foreman’s post. It is con¬ tended that the changes in methods of manufacture are so radical that there is not now the same need for the superior handi-craftsman — that what is required is a controller, a master of method and of organization. We can only ac¬ cept this contention with the important proviso that the man of thought who is to be ideal foreman of the future shall first have such a practical training at the bench as to have acquired a sound knowledge of workmanship and a com¬ plete sympathy with workmen. Contact is imperative for both acquisitions ; without them a man cannot control men or methods. There is nothing more subversive of disci¬ pline than the ridicule even of one man, and it is quickly awakened, and justifiably so, by the slightest display of in¬ capacity to do any bit of work. A man cannot be a really efficient foreman without being a capable workman. He must, however, be more than that, and the elements of de¬ velopment are in this direction ; so also are the divergencies from unanimity of opinion.

GOOD TECHNICAL AND GENERAL EDUCATION.

The workman who aims at being a foreman must secure as great a degree of technical and general education as is possible to him. If the attendance at evening classes in¬ volves hardship and self-sacrifice, the result is advantageous in the formation of character.

It is important that he should know, for instance, about the qualities of metals used, the principles of mechanics and physics, and the whys and wherefores of the details of the designs to be embodied in metallic form, as well as the ele¬ ments of machine-tool design and power distribution. There are other important studies, but these examples suffice.

Even in the case of a ship-fitter, smith or forgeman, where manual labor obtains still to a 'large extent, there is need for technical training. And in all cases there is pos¬ sible great gain by the pursuit of knowledge which, al¬ though not immediately useful, tends to general culture. This point need not be elaborated here; the development of a disciplined mind will be regarded as of great importance.

EXPERIENCE IN DRAWING OFFICE NEEDED.

Drawing'-office experience is equally necessary ; but the cases are very rare where a foreman who has been trained exclusively as a draughtsman has been successful; there is always the lack of intimate knowledge of workmanship. Indeed, it is possible that a prolonged period in the draw¬ ing-office may partly unfit for foremanship a man with ear¬ lier workshop training.

The atmosphere' of the drawing-office, and the psycholog¬ ical conditions prevailing, are very different from those ob¬ taining in the shops. In the one case the problems are as¬ sociated with strains requiring calculation, and there is more or less of mechanical method ; in the other the diffi¬ culties are connected with personal idiosyncracies, where conditions do not repeat themselves and cannot be standard¬ ized. In the one instance it is mathematics, in the other humanity.

A foreman should be able to easily read a drawing and to readily discern an inaccuracy. This latter raises a point which has involved heartburnings between the drawing- office and the shops. The duty of the workman, the ma¬ chine-man, is to obey; to follow his drawing implicitly. Any other rule would mean confusion. But this scarcely holds with the foreman, who from his practical experience in the shops and drawing-office, ought to be able to suggest modifications which are acceptable, because they simplify machining or fitting, or for other reason. The foreman who neglects to make, and the draughtsman who refuses to accept, such suggestions, fail in their duty.

EXPERIENCE IN COST DEPARTMENT.

There are some firms who only promote men to foreman- ship if they have been in the premium, bonus, or costs depart¬ ment. This course is satisfactory; but again we must inter¬ ject the reservation as to the duration of service in a de¬ partment which is only an adjunct to the factory. The premium-bonus system has proved very satisfactory ; but there is a tendency to make too much of it.

The card system is another case. We have heard of a works where there is a staff appointment of a “card in¬ ventor.” Inventors, to which class belong premium fixers and card and index makers, are like mothers whose gos¬ lings are all swans. Where they have uncontrolled sway there is trouble. What is wanted is a reasonably good sys¬ tem of premium standards and cards, which should be al¬ tered reluctantly, and only on unquestionable grounds. They should be operated conscientiously.

A foreman ought to know the system well to be able to restrain and regulate the rate-fixer. Men who become im¬ bued with the spirit of the card system sometimes have their imagination limited by the four edges of the card. That is well for one who is to remain a member of the premium- bonus staff, but it is otherwise with a foreman.

COMPOSITE EXPERIENCE NEEDED.

The training of the successful foreman should thus be composite. He should have a liberal education, although this, fortunately, may be supplied in later years by reading and other means of culture. He should have a sound train¬ ing at his trade in the shops; this is indespensable. Techni¬ cal training is invaluable, and to this should also be added some experience in the drawing-office and costs department. But to these there must be added those qualities which mark men as leaders. There is, first, ambition in the truest sense, and the readiness to suffer privation in achieving an end. This is akin to self-discipline, to the development of a well- balanced mind, and, therefore, to a strong sense of the rela¬ tive importance of justice and right. These two will enable him to avoid nepotism and favoritism — two of the greatest pitfalls. This, it may be urged, is a gospel of perfection ; but it is well, once in a while, to aim high. Moreover, we are persuaded that employers could do much by encourag¬ ing intercourse between foremen to a greater degree.

There are, it is true, foremen’s associations, but they are not sufficiently supported by the men who could profit by them ; nor do they meet often enough. It is important that there should be considered at their meetings economic and social problems asociated with production, as well as purely technical questions, while visits to works at home and abroad should be arranged at frequent intervals. Nothing tends more to efficiency in management than perfection of system, and many hints in this direction could be gleaned by travel. There should be no difficulty ; one firm might welcome the foremen of another in exchange visits, to the advantage of both.

Even an international exchange might be possible. But in any case there can be nothing but advantage from any effort to improve the characteristics of foremen. On them the economy of production greatly depends. They should be exemplary, being the first men, as well as oversmen, even at six o’clock in the morning. — Engineering Maga¬ zine.

A NEW BRICK MACHINE CONCERN.

Alexandria Repress Brick Machine Manufacturing Cor¬ poration, /Mexandria. V a. ; Edwin L. Cockrell, president, Woodbridge; David N. Rust, Jr., vice president and treas¬ urer, Braddock Heights; Wm. R. Stone, Jr., secretary and manager. Braddock Heights, has been incorporated. Capi¬ tal ; Maximum, $2^.000; minimum, $10,000. Objects; Man¬ ufacturing and selling brick machinery.

25

CLAY RECORD*

BIRMINGHAM BRICK INDUSTRY IS KEPT BUSY

The movement of the brick market has been brisk during the past few weeks and the outlook is bright for good sum¬ mer and fall market.

The brick used in the construction of the Empire, the Brown-Marx annex, the Chamber of Commerce and the Farley buildings were all made in Birmingham.

While the local market is rather slack at present, the pressed brick manufacturers are setting a splendid forego¬ ing business. The pressed brick companies all report a good market with indications of further improvement.

The awarding of the contracts by the city of Birming¬ ham for four new public school buildings in Greater Birm¬ ingham will call for a million and a half brick. These are to be furnished by the local manufacturers.

Here is the number of brick that were used in the erec¬ tion of the four skyscrapers now being erected in Birm¬ ingham :

Brown-Marx annex, 1,500,000.

Empire building, 250,000.

Chamber of Commerce building, 500,000.

Farley building, 500,000.

The city of Bessemer placed an order with a local firm recently for 750,000 brick to be used in the pavement winch has been ordered in that city.

The new io-story office building, the city hall and the new school buildings at Pensacola, Fla., were made of Birmingham brick.

The Sibley-Menge company, which manufactures fancy pressed brick, has placed orders within the past three months which call for two million bricks.

Birmingham firms are now supplying pressed brick for the construction of a new office building in Atlanta, and for several new court houses being built in Georgia and Florida.

According to the most conservative estimates the Birm¬ ingham district is now turning out annual clay products valued approximately at $2,170,000. The monthly payrolls of these concerns amount to between $60,000 and $70,000, and a large army of workmen is given employment.

In the next few weeks work will be started on several new churches and public buildings in the Birmingham dis¬ trict, and these improvements will call for two or three mil¬ lions of brick.

Birmingham patronizes its own brick industries and it has been a long time since any new building in this dis¬ trict was built of foreign brick. In fact, the Birmingham brick has become so popular here of late that they are shipped as far south as Florida, and as far north as the Carolinas.

Here is a table showing the value of the annual output of the various clay manufacturers of the district:

Common brick .

Pressed brick .

Fire brick . . .

Fireproofing .

Sewer nine .

. $ 520.000

. 1 50,000

. 800,000

. 100,000

. 250.000

Paving brick .

Clavs .

. 300,000

. 50,000

Total . $2,170,000

The fireproofing used in the skyscrapers is made at North Birmingham.

FIRST BRICK MADE IN AMERICA.

Two brick from the first brick house erected on the American continent are on exhibition in the flag and relic room in the Ohio state house. They are from the house built at Jamestown Island, Va., by Gov. Richard Kemp of that colony in 1638.

CERAMIC MEN MAKE SUCCESSFUL TESTS.

The Ceramics department of the University of Illinois, has successfully completed a series of experiments to pro¬ duce a high grade stoneware from low grade material at a low cost. The experiments are the result of long years of careful work R. T. Stull who is in active charge of the Ceramics laboratory at present, and by former Prof. V. C. Bleininger, under whose direction the experiments were begun. The achievement of their goal is the sequel to an equally long and successful series of experiments run on enameled brick slips.

From the best enameled brick slips for white lining, four of the clearest were selected and tried on four different clays, of which one each was from California, Macomb and Whitehall, Ill., and Bloomingdale, Ind., that from Indiana producing the best results, though- all were excellent. These clays were ordinary cheap days, such as are now used for terra cotta, stoneware, enameled brick and sewer tile, and which burn to a full buff color.

The trial pieces, made in the form of small mugs, and the models and molds, were designed and made by members of the class in designing and shaping. They are made mechanically in one piece on a potter’s jigger, instead of by the usual two-piece method, in which mug and handle are made separately, and welded together by hand after¬ wards.

After being taken from the molds, the seams are scraped and sponged and the white veneer, or engobe, applied to the inside, over which a clear, brilliant glaze extending up over the rim to the outer edge, is spread, being cut off by a sharp knife to leave a well defined line. The piece is then dipped on the outside in rich deep brown glaze, meet¬ ing the white line. The mug is then dried and finished in one. firing of the kiln. The object of the experiments was to encourage stoneware manufacturers to produce a higher grade of their ware. It is considered that the result of these experiments should convince the manufacturers of the practicability of doing this. Mr. Stull is to be congratulated upon the happy solution of his difficult problem, difficult in that four different compositions, i. e. white engobe, clear glaze inside, brown glaze, outside and the body clay it¬ self, must be so adjusted as to produce a harmonious de¬ velopment with respect to shrinkage and perfect bond, dur¬ ing application and firing.

That the product is high grade may be seen by one look at the specimens in the laboratory. The following figures show how low the cost of production is : White engobe less than $12 a ton, dry: the clear glaze inside and the brown outside less than $30 a ton; and the clay, from 15 to 75 cents a ton delivered at the factory.

- - ♦ - - i

ALL CLAY WORKERS TO BE ORGANIZED.

Perth Amboy, N. J. — Owing to recent disputes with ref¬ erence to hours, wages and methods of handling material, officials of the American Federation of Labor and the Inter¬ national Brick, Tile and Terra Cotta Workers’ Alliance are taking steps to organize all branches of clay workers in this city and vicinity. An important meeting will be held in Keasbey, on the "outskirts of this city, early next week, at which Frank Butterworth, first vice president of the In¬ ternational Terra Cotta Workers’ Alliance, will probably speak. He attended a meeting of the clay workers here re¬ cently and announced that unions should be perfected im¬ mediately to protect the thousands of men who are em¬ ployed in the plants and factories.

Efforts are also being made to organize the clay workers in the plants at South River and the movement for organ¬ ization in these branches is spreading rapidly in this sec¬ tion.

26

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬ terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

9I7>93°- Building-Block. Frederick A. W. Davis, In¬ dianapolis, Ind. Filed Sept. 28, 1908. Serial No. 454,993.

A building block consisting of a body molded from plastic material and a sheet of impervious material forming a side

thereof, said sheet of impervious material having a forma¬ tion with which the plastic material will interengage whereby it becomes an integral part of the block when finished, said formation also constituting a surface with which plaster will likewise interengage when applied to the wall in which the blocks are embodied.

918,855. Tile-Making Machine. Harry P. Holman, l tica. Ill. Filed Feb. 28, 1908. Serial No. 418,200.

In a machine of the character set forth, the combination of a mold, a tamper and a hopper, of an expansible hopper formed of overlapping sections slidable upon each other and projecting into and co-operating with the -Inner surface of said first-named hopper, and means for holding the lower edges of said sections in contact with the inner surface of said first-named hopper, for the purpose set forth.

918,334. Superheated-Steam Dry-Kiln. David E. Lain, Bellingham, Wash., assignor of one-half to Edwin G. Jewett, Bellingham, Wash. Filed July 6, 1908. Serial No. 442,197.

In a superheated-steam dry-kiln, the combination of an inclosed compartment, a circulating conduit system connect¬ ed to said compartment in such manner that said compart¬ ment and said conduit system form a circuit which is closed or closable at all points except for exhaust, a steam super¬ heater connected into said conduit system, a source of live steam and a conduit leading therefrom and controllably con¬ nected with said conduit system.

In a superheated-steam dry-kiln, the combination of an in¬ closed compartment, a diaphragm separating said compart¬ ment into a major and a minor room and having one or more openings through the same, said major room being suited to contain a quantity of moisture or pitch-bearing

material, a line of pipes, one end being connected to said major room and the other end being connected to said minor ropm in such manner that said line of pipes together with said rooms form a circuit, said minor room having an outlet into the outer air, and a steam superheater included in said line of pipes.

918,980. Wire-Cut Brick. Frank B. Dunn, Conneaut, Ohio. Filed March 13, 1908. Serial No. 420,849.

As an article of manufacture, a wire-cut brick having wire-cut ribs on the side thereof, substantially as set forth!

As an article of manufacture, a wire-cut brick having wire-cut ribs on one side, and wire-cut grooves in the oppo¬ site side, substantially as set forth.

919,018. Enameled Brick and Tile. Joseph H. Tackson, Pittsburg, Pa. Filed Jan. 16, 1907. Serial No. 352,486.

A tile facing having peripheral rearwardly directed flanges, each flange having a barb on one side of its edges, .said barb extending angularly with respect to the plane of the flang'e and having its plane extending at right angles to plane of the facing.

2/

7/ //

A tile facing having peripheral rearwardly directed flanges, each flange having a barb on one of its edges, said barb extending inwardly at right angles to the plane of the flange and having its plane extending at right angles to the plane of the facing.

27

CLAY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS

The expected has happened in the San Francisco brick market and the established price of $9 per thousand for common brick that has been maintained for the past six months has given away to practically the same figures that were current a year ago. Although most of the large firms engaged in the business had pooled their selling interests and controlled the market for a time, the starting up of so many small plants, lured on by the prospect of a profit on the output of their plants, has brought on the cutting of rates that had been feared and once more each plant is getting as much of the business as possible and the ques¬ tion of price is being lost sight of. A week ago one large firm retaliated on the action of the small plants in cutting prices and named an $8 rate. Since then this has been greatly lowered and some common brick in large quantities were recently sold at a figure but a little in excess of $7. There are many of the small plants located in places where natural advantages are lacking that cannot manufacture brick and sell it at a rate less than $8 and it is anticipated that the immediate result will be a closing down of a num¬ ber of plants, or at least, there will be a curtailment of the output. The great need of brick immediately following the fire led to the establishment of plants in this vicinity in places where brick cannot be manufactured cheaply, and it is conceded that the output of this section with all the plants running on regular time would be greatly in excess of any probable demand.

Although the market for common brick is badly demor¬ alized again, there is a good demand for pressed brick and prices are being maintained at the rates that have been common for the past year. Terra cotta is also in good de¬ mand and it is interesting to note that the use of this article for facing purposes is on the increase. There have been no large contracts for terra cotta taken recently as there are but few large buildings now in course of construction, but the number of small contracts is increasing.

Manufacturers of sewer pipe are expecting this to be a banner year for that business. The towns in the interior of the state are growing very rapidly and a large number of these are planning sewer systems. It is believed that some of the sanitary laws recommended by the Master I ’lumbers Associations will be passed by the state legis¬ lature next year and many towns are preparing to get sani¬ tary work done in advance.

The announcement is made that the Monterey Brick & Stone Co., which has been operating a plant for some time at Seaside, in Monterey county, has secured possession of an extensive clay deposit in the vicinity of Sacramento, Cal., and will shortly remove the plant to that place and will also enlarge the equipment.

A large contract for brick was recently let to the Califor¬ nia Pressed Brick Company of Niles Cal., for the brick to be used in the construction of the State Hospital at Agnews to replace the building destroyed three years ago. Other large contracts have also been taken lately and it has been found advisable to add considerable new machinery to the plant in order to keep up with the requirements.

The plant of the San Luis Obispo Brick Company, at San Luis Obispo, Cal., has been thoroughly overhauled and placed in operation after a long shut down. Local contracts of considerable size have been received and a good sum¬ mer’s run insured.

Improvements of an extensive character are being made at the big plant of the Pyrmont Brick Company, at Lincoln, Cal. M. J. Dillman, of Sacramento, vice president and manager of the company, is on the ground most of the time and he announces that the construction of a large manu¬ facturing plant is one of the things promised for the not distant future.

Another firm that is making extensive improvements at its works is the Corona Pressed Brick & Terra Cotta Co., of Corona, Cal. This firm has just erected three new kilns and is planning to add others at once. Heavy orders have been secured lately and the sewer pipe end of the business is very promising.

The Pima Brick & lile Co. of I uscon, Ariz., has made some sample runs of brick and the output proved to be so satisfactory that it has been decided to make additions to the plant at once. Machinery with a capacity of 40,000 brick a day will be installed this summer.

The Tuscon Pressed Brick Company of Tuscon, Ariz., has commenced operations for the summer and is turning out a brick that is said to be of very superior quality. Ship¬ ments have already been made to distant points and a large business is expected to develop. As soon as the present plant is running smoothly it is planned to commence pre¬ parations for the manufacture of fire bricks.

The St. Johns Clay & Pressed Brick Co. at St. Johns, Ore., has merged with the Pacific Brick & Marble Co., a concern recently incorporated there with a capital stock of $100,000. A large factory building will be erected at once and brick and elbram, a new building material, will be manufactured.

1 he Inter-Mountain Cement & Brick Co., which operated a brick plant at Idaho Falls, has decided to erect a similar plant at Salt Lake City, Utah. The new plant will cost approximately $50,000.

The Crown Brick Company has been incorporated at Salt Lake City, Utah, with a capital stock of $roo,ooo. Those interested in the enterprise are A. M. Wrench, H. S. Stowe, M. J. True, W. S. Elton and E. C. Lackner.

The Vancouver Hassam Paving Company has been in¬ corporated at Vancouver, Wash., and a plant will be in¬ stalled there shortly for the manufacture of paving bricks. Following' the lead of many other cities in the northwest, Vancouver is to be paved with paving bricks and the local company will bid for the contract for furnishing the ma¬ terial.

A bed of good clay has been discovered near Lamont, Wash., and an option on the property has been taken by T. B. English. He is now making some experimental burns and if the produce comes up to his expectations he will arrange for the installation of a plant.

The lone Fire Brick Company will hold its annual meet¬ ing in San Francisco early in August and it is understood that the capital stock of the concern will then be increased.

WILL ENLARGE THEIR PLANT SOON.

In order that a larger number of paving blocks may be turned out each day at the Egyptian Paving Block works north of Murphysboro, Til., the management has decided to build four additional kilns and the work will probably be commenced within the next two months. This addition will increase the kilns six to ten and many more blocks can be burned.

Machinery at the plant at the present writing can turn out 50,000 blocks per day, but owing to the restricted kiln room, but 20,000 are being taken from the cut-off machines.

Superintendent of Construction Ellsworth Oden has resigned, having finished his work at the local plant and O. H. Downey, of Dayton, Ohio, has been employed as superintendent of the plant. Mr. Downey comes to the Egyptian plant well recommended as a brick specialist.

At the present writing sixty men are employed at the plant and are working every day.

Brick are now being loaded for shipment to Carbondale where the Egyptian plant representatives landed the first large brick contract.

28

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter. January 25, 1893. at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3. 1879

Vol. XXXV. JULY 15, 1909. No. 1

« I like to read American advertisements. They are iie themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the fountry by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine, out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is 3east need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬ acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

The season for lemons never ends.

Easy times often account for hard habits.

Jokes are like nuts — the dryer they are the better they crack.

This is a fast age, but our ancestors managed to get ahead of us.

And the man who really knows his business refrains from telling it to everybody.

A man who thinks more of a dollar than he does of his self-respect is insult proof.

The task Mr. Fitzpatrick has set himself is that of dimin¬ ishing our wastefulness, not with a natural resource, but with something that we have taken great pains to produce — our buildings.

For twenty years he has labored in this cause and is cer¬ tainly the father of the fire-prevention movement in the United States. Through his activities civic and other or¬ ganizations have been formed, city authorities have been in¬ duced to revise building ordinances, and the building bu¬ reaus of cities have awakened to a zealous performance of their duties.

In the past few years, he has given considerable time and attention to what might be called a popular campaign in the direction of betterment of building conditions.

He realizes that whatever the people really want they are bound to get, and if they can be aroused to see things as they actually are, insofar as building is concerned, it will not be long before drastic curative action is compelled.

Lately he has had articles on fire in a number of maga¬ zines. He tabulates the appalling losses and cost of fire in a year’s time, something like $600,000,000, almost as much as the entire yearly expenditure for new buildings and re¬ pairs !

He compares the wooden cities of Amerca with the brick cities of Europe, and finds the former “wanting;” he blames the insurance companies very largely for the craze for cheap construction with us, and interestingly describes what really is a fireproof building.

BUILDING AT HIGHEST RATE.

The figures for the first half of the year, as given out by the Chicago building department, make a remarkable show¬ ing, and if continued at the same rate for the second half of the year, will make the year’s totals about 60 per cent greater than during any previous year in the history of the city and will carry them to the $100,000,000 mark.

The figures are 6,069 permits with a total frontage of 165,506 feet and a cost of $50,028,180, as against 5,405 per¬ mits with a frontage of 151,388 feet and a cost of $29,375,- 875 for the corresponding period of 1908.

Of much interest also in this connection is the statement by Building Commissioner Campbell that the commission of architects which is revising the building code intends to recommend a maximum height of 200 instead of 260 feet as now. The effect of this, it is^ believed, will make for an expansion of the building district.

Building operations for June in the large cities of the country show continued activity with a marked increase over June a year ago.

For the fifty cities included in the statement there were 14,880 permits issued at an estimated cost of $57,614,974, as against 13,443 buildings with a cost of $51,443,406 for the same month a year ago. This is an increase of 1,437 permits and $6,170,568 in cost, an increase of 12 per cent.

Chicago is second to New York, with a total of $8,271,050 as against $11,704,725 for the latter, but Chicago showed a gain of 26 per cent while New York showed a decrease of 31 per cent. Philadelphia is third with $4,156,690 and an increase of 38 per cent. San Francisco next with $2,- 983,423, as against $2,573,776 for June, 1908, an increase of 16 per cent. Minneapolis, which comes fifth, makes a fine showing with $2,338,515, as against $877,020 for a year ago, an increase of 167 per cent. Des Moines shows the largest percentage of increase, 279 per cent, but Salt Lake City is a close second with 249 per cent.

AUSTRIAN CHINAWARE TRUST DISSOLVED.

Washington, July — On Nov. 27, 1907, Consul John Steel Twells, of Carlsbad, reported that the largest chinaware manufacturers in Austria had formed a trust, with the ob¬ ject of increasing the prices of china goods and of establish¬ ing two market prices, one for Austria and the other for the United States, it being held that the class of goods ex¬ ported to the United States differed materially from that sold in the home market. The consul now reports, under date of May 24, 1909, the dissolution of this trust, which he writes should be a matter of much interest to American manufacturers and dealers.

CLAY RECORD.

29

OBITUARY

The Hon. George M. Hooper, millionaire brick manu¬ facturer, and for three terms a representative of the state, died at his home in Bridgewater, Mass., in his 71st year. He was born in Bridgewater and engaged in brickmaking in 1859. He is survived by five children.

John M. Mayer, manufacturer of building supplies at 179 Moore St., Brooklyn, N. Y., died of heart disease. He was 28 years of age and engaged in business with his father.

John Perone, age eighty years, and a well known tile worker at Zanesville, Ohio, died at his home, 13 Marietta St., death was due to a complication of diseases after an extended illness.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

A toy balloon was responsible for a fire at Michael Gay- nor’s brick works, 31st and Tasker Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., which destroyed the sheds and caused a loss of $1,000.

The plant of the Wilkesbarre (Pa.) Cement Brick Co. was partly destroyed by fire started from a spark from a railway locomotive. The loss is $15,000. Partly insured.

Sparks from a kiln of the Westwood (O.) Brick Works set fire to the sheds of the plant and destroyed them, caus¬ ing a loss of $1,000; partly insured.

The Fred Baker brick works at Wilson, Ct., suffered a loss by the sheds burning.

The Johnson Brick Works at Newfield, Middletown. Ct., suffered a loss by the sheds burning to the ground.

WILL TEST OKLAHOMA CLAYS.

Mr. L. C. Snider, M. A., of the University of Indiana, who has been appointed chemist of the Oklahoma Geological Sur¬ vey, will spend the summer at the government testing labora¬ tories at Pittsburg, Pa., making tests of Oklahoma clays under the direction of A. V. Bleininger. Director Gould of the Oklahoma Survey is arranging with the clay men and commercial clubs of the State to send clays to Pittsburg for testing.

There are some very valuable clays in the new state and abundance of fuel — coal, oil and gas, for their manufacture, The market for clay products is steadily increasing but so far the people have had to send out of the state for about every¬ thing used.

It is believed that the results of the tests made by the Sur¬ vey Chemist this summer, will justify the establishment of a number of clay products plants in Oklahoma. Both the raw material and the market are at hand. Nothing is needed but the installation of plants.

MANY INDUSTRIAL PLANTS INCREASE ACTI¬ VITIES OWING TO RUSH OF ORDERS.

The Kittanning Fire, Clay & Brick Manufacturing Co., Kittanning, Pa., employing 400 men, has been compelled to go on double turn to fill its orders. The Cook and Penn¬ sylvania China companies, employing more than 1,000 per¬ sons, have enough orders on their books to keep the plant running until next January. The Kittanning Iron & Steel Co. has sufficient orders for a six months’ steady run. The Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. and the Kittanning Plate Glass Co. are behind in their orders.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

A premature explosion of dynamite at the Black Horse Clay Mine near New Cumberland, W. Ya., instantly killed J. T. Krater, aged 35 years.

The Carter Co. (Ky.) Fire Brick Co. plant is to be sold at public sale at Grayson on the court house steps July 22d, by order of the court.

Forty cases of typhoid fever are reported at the Wash¬ burn brick yards in the town of Ulster, N. Y. Twenty are in bed. The health officer is analyzing the well water which is probably the cause.

J. H. Parks, an employe of the Hibbard Brick Co. at Kearney, Nebr., was killed by falling between the wheels of a wagon and a kiln when the team became frightened.

Drivers of the Washington (D. C.) Brick Co. were fined for dropping dirt from their wagons in the street. An appeal will be made for a modification of the police regu¬ lations.

Frederick Schenkel was killed by the falling of the clay bank at the Sterling Brick Works at Marietta, Ohio.

Mr. Austin, a driver for The De Arment Brick Mfg. Co., Petoskey, Mich., fell from a loaded wagon of brick and the wheels ran over his legs, so that he will be laid up for some time.

Creditors have begun involuntary petition in bankruptcy against the Muscogee Brick & Terra Cotta Co. at Colum¬ bus, Ga. The president of the company admits its inabil¬ ity to pay its debts.

THE COST OF BRICK LAYING BY A MUNICI¬ PALITY.

As a result of the very careful investigation of the Sewer Department of the city of Boston, Metcalf & Eddy, consult¬ ing civil engineers to the Boston Finance Commission, pre¬ sent in a recent report some very interesting facts regarding the cost of brick laying by municipal employees. Compar¬ ing the smaller sewers built by the Massachusetts Metropol¬ itan Commission with those built by the day labor force of the city of Boston, the engineers find the prices ranging from $9.04 to $18.34 per thousand on the day labor work, , whereas on the Metropolian work done by contract the highest price was $4.23 and the lowest $2.77.

Based on the number of brick laid, the difference be¬ tween the day labor work of the city and the contract work of the Metropolitan Board is as noticeable as is the differ¬ ence in cost. These items are particularly interesting when it is noted that upon the city work, taking the average for a whole week, the number of brick laid per mason per hour was as low as 13, and the largest number was 242, as against 94 and 570, respectively, upon the Metropolitan work. The highest number per hour for the average of an entire job done by the Sewer Division was 78, whereas the lowest average upon Metropolitan work was 165 and the highest

3&b

The engineers show that to a considerable extent the ex¬ cessive cost under city administration was due to the fact that sufficient work was not always presented to keep the masons busy, but taking material and labor costs into con¬ sideration, it appears that the total cost for brick masonry in the sewers was $30.75 per thousand brick and $18.45 Per cubic yard of brick work on the basis of 600 brick to the .yard.

30

CLAY RECORD.

$75,000 SEWER PIPE PLANT FOR DRESDEN.

At a meeting' of the directors and stockholders of the newly organized Dresden Sewer Pipe Co., held in Zanes¬ ville, O., plans were made to erect a $75,000 sewer pipe plant in Dresden this summer, an industry that will employ between 150 and 200 men at good wages at the start, with every favorable indication of an increase in the force within a year after the plant has been in active operation.

The company was organized some six months ago, and incorporated, but the matter has been allowed to lay dor¬ mant ever since. With the outlook for business conditions as good as at present and the constant betterment of trade all over the country, the stockholders and directors decided that it was time to start the ball rolling, and they formu¬ lated many plans at the meeting, which was held in Attor¬ ney E. R. Meyer’s office.

That the company means business is evidenced by the transfer of 36 acres in Dresden to the concern. Two of the deeds were filed in the county recorder’s office, while another has been transferred, although not yet recorded.

Samuel F. Spencer and Stella Spencer, of Dresden, re¬ leased their half interest in 24.30 acres to Chalmer D. Moore, the secretary of the company, the nominal consid¬ eration being $1. Frank Tingle sold to the company 5.08 acres and lots 12 and 45 in Smith’s addition, the consid¬ eration named also being $1. Mr. Moore holds the deed to the balance, and this will be recorded within a few days.

The Dresden plant will be along the same lines as the one in Junction City. Lee Humphrey, of Junction City, is the president of the concern, and C. D. Moore, the secre¬ tary, while a number of Zanesville and Dresden men hold stock in the enterprise. The plant will cover a large area.

With a force of nearly 200 men, the capacity of the plant will be enormous, but assurances of selling all the product have been received from many quarters, and it is stated, that all sizes of pipe will be manufactured.

The plant wil be Dresden’s largest industry when once fairly started, and Dresden residents will learn with pleas¬ ure that plans are already formulated for building.

THE FOUR HASTINGS BRICK YARDS BUSY.

The Hastings (Nebr.) brick yards are planning for a larger output of brick this season than last. One of the management at the office of the Western Brick Co. says that they would aim to manufacture one million more brick this year over last season’s output.

Last year this yard manufactured 5,000,000 and at this time this entire product has been practically sold. This yard has set the total output for this year at 6,000,000.

The two yards of Polenske, Schellak & Co. and Polenske Brothers & Co. last year manufactured a total output of 12,000,000. This year they will employ about eighty brick- makers and will strive to also increase the output over last year. These two yards also had a big demand for their brick and save some paving brick have but very few of last year's brick on hand. The management at both yards said they anticipated a big building demand for brick the balance of the season.

The yard of P. Hemple & Co., last year manufactured about 2,500,000 and Mr. Hemple says that he also would aim to have a larger output this year for the market. He thought the building outlookfor the year was very bright.

The Portsmouth fO.) Paving Brick Co., is erecting a new dry house and new kilns of modern type. The increase of business made this necessary.

The Auburn Shale Brick Co., have started in the manufac¬ ture of brick, in their Gettsburg, Pa., plant. The plant has been greatly improved and all the machinery overhauled.

POTTERS ARE CONSERVATVIE IN CONSIDER¬ ING RESOLUTIONS.

Atlantic City, July 7. — At the convention of Brotherhood of Potters, of the twenty-three resolutions that were con¬ sidered only five were adopted.

Of the resolutions adopted the first one came from Tiffin, O. It provides that formal request shall be made upon the United States Potters’ Association that the Association file with the Secretary of the Brotherhood a list of the proposi¬ tions to be presented to the workingmen at least 30 days prior to the coming together of the next conference com¬ mittees. The vote was unanimous.

The second resolution came from the Turners and Hand¬ lers of East Liverpool. It abolishes the custom of locals charging 10 cents for transfer and withdrawal cards. Be¬ fore the resolution was adopted it was amended upon mo¬ tion of Brother Ralph Wood, of Tiffin, that the National organization furnish transfer and withdrawal cards to local unions free. The amendment carried. The adoption of this resolution killed the one offered by Local Union No. 28, of Kokomo, which covered the same ground.

The third resolution came from the Claymakers of the west. It provides for the dipping of sacks by the firm; no price increase is involved in this concession.

The fourth resolution came from one of the general ware pressers' locals. It provided that no sanitary presser should be permitted to start at general ware pressing as long as a competent general ware presser could be secured to fill such vacancy. Two reports were submitted to the conven¬ tion on this resolution, a minority and a majority report. The minority report was sustained. This gives any sani¬ tary presser the right to accept employment in the general ware line when he cannot find employment at his own work. There was considerable discussion on the question before it was finally settled. The resolution in its original form came from Kittanning.

The fifth resolution was adopted without the suspicion of opposition.

It provides that the time the apprentice sanitary worker consumes in sticking up shall be deducted from his ap¬ prenticeship.

A communication was read from W. E. Wells, secretary of the Labor Day committee of the United States Potters’ association, requesting that the committee appointed by the president to represent the workingmen at the next wage conference, be empowered to make a final settlement. He stated that the manufacturers’ representatives would go so instructed but such power would be of no avail if the workmen’s committee were also so fortified. The request was readily acceded to.

NEW YORK BRICK DEMAND BETTER.

Eyes of builders are on the brick quotation boards almost unceasingly these days. The dry. warm weather of the last few days has stimulated building activities here, and in con¬ sequence the supply which piled up at the local wharves met with a gluttonous demand. The yards are nearly drained, and there is said to be a tendency on the part of the manu¬ facturers to hold in so as to maintain a good demand.

The consensus of opinion among brick dealers and con¬ sumers is that buyers who hold back for lower prices will not profit, as the present prices are bottom, and will remain so for some time.

The prices current for Hudson commons, for the week iust closing, range from $3.25 to $6.50, which is a 25 per cent, advance over the low quotation of last week. Maxi¬ mum prices for this brick remain the same. Light hards were quoted, however, at $3.50 and $4, which is a 50 cent drop low and 25 cents for high. Jersey hards range be¬ tween $6 and $6.50.

UL.AY R£GORa

si

ARKANSAS BRICK MANUFACTURERS MEET.

1 he Brick Makers’ Association of Arkansas met in an¬ nual convention at Ft. Smith, June 22, 1909.

The meeting was held in the rooms of the Commercial Club of that city, the president, Mr. M. C. Burke of that city, presiding. A fair attendance of the members was present, all the membership being comprised of brick makers of the state of Arkansas and the northern portion of Louis¬ iana.

Among other business transacted was the passage of the resolution extending the bounds of the membership to in¬ clude certain portions of Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas which are adjacent to the state of Arkansas. Such brick makers were invited to unite with this association should they so desire.

A part of the time of the convention was spent in the in¬ spection of the large paving brick plant of the Burke Bros. Brick company.

Much routine business was disposed of bv the members present.

A reminiscence address was given by the Hon. Harry E. Kelley of Ft. Smith, who was one of the pioneer brick makers in this state.

An invitation to hold the next meeting in February or March, 1910, in Little Rock, was accepted.

Officers and Executive Committees were re-elected for the ensuing term. M. C. Burke, of this city, was re-elected president, on recognition of the effective work he has done during the past year in the interests of the association.

The other officers chosen were :

M. L. Case, Pine Bluff, first vice president.

N. P. O’Neal, Hope, second vice president.

C. E. Taylor, Little Rock, secretary and treasurer.

An executive committee was also selected, consisting of :

O. C. Sutton, Mariana ; C. W. Clark, Malvern ; B. C. Poincey, Helena ; M. W. Dickinson, Little Rock ; A. Brew¬ ster. Peria, and C. N. Adams, Alexandria, La.

The convention adopted resolutions expressing their ap¬ preciation of the courtesies shown while in the city. M. C. Burke and D. J. Young gave their personal supervision to the entertainment of the guests.

DENVER FIRE CLAY CO. HAS BEEN REORGANIZED.

John Donaldson, formerly of Minneapolis, Minn , now of Denver, and Willis W. Case, Jr. of Denver, have pur¬ chased a controlling interest in the Denver Fire Clay com¬ pany. Mr. Case has been elected president and manager, and Mr. Donaldson secretary and treasurer. W. W. Case, Sr., who has been the company’s president for years, re¬ tired and will devote his time to his private interests. ' He stih holds stock in the company.

\\ illis W. Case, Jr., the new president of the company, has been its manager for about a year. In that time he has increased the business greatly. About three months ago he opened a branch house in Salt Lake City, which he made a financial success from the start. Mr. Case is yet in his twenties.

John Donaldson comes from one of the best known fam¬ ilies of Minnesota. For years the Donaldsons had a big depai tment store* known as the Glass Block, in Minnesota. Mr.. Donaldson is wealthy in his own right. He has been mining' in Mexico recently, but will now make Denver his permanent headquarters and devote all his time to the busi¬ ness of the Fire Clay Company.

The Denver hire Clay company is capitalized at $200,000 and invoices at more than $500,000. It is the only fire clay concern in the world that manufactures a complete line of chemists’ and assayers’ supplies.

WILL DEVELOP LAND NEAR BESSEMER.

Bessemer Ala.— H. W. Sweet, vice president and or¬ ganizer of the Eureka Fire Clay Brick company, is elated over the prospects of the company and some interesting facts in regara to the holdings of the company at Ricken Mr. Sweet said:

We hold approximately 40 acres at Ricker, about 18 mi es from Bessemer, located on the Louisville and Nash¬ ville and very near the forks of the Bessemer-Brookwood- .uscaloosa road. It is an ideal spot for the building of a city, lying at the meeting point of three of the county’s principal roads. We have a large and commodious com¬ missary already built with accommodations for the family of the storekeeper. We intend to put in at an early date about a $4,000 stock of groceries and general merchan¬ dise, and expect to get the trade of the country round about.

‘Arrangements have been made with the railroad for putting in a switch, and we hold a permit to establish a station. The 40 acres have practically a bottomless layer of hre clay under a strata of three to seven feet of loamy sand, which will be no trouble to remove. There is a lar<^e sul¬ phur spring within 200 yards of the land, which also con¬ tains a large deposit of potter’s clay, which has been tested and pronounced good by experts. We expect to begin op- ei ations at once and hope to be in full operation by the end of July.”

DIFFERENCES AIRED IN ORGANIZATION OF CONSERVATION COMMISSION.

Des. Moines, la. — At the first meeting of the conservation commission it developed that there is a war on between the cement and clay men over the selection of the permanent chairman, d he clay men want G. G. W heat of Emmetts- burg selected. 1 lie cement men claim WTieat has always fought their interests. They have no candidate of their own and will be satisfied with anyone but Wheat.

The commission elected A. L. Miller, cashier of the Home Savings bank of this ctiy permanent chairman, and J. W. Keerl, a member of the commission as temporary secretary. The law authorizes the selection of a secretary from outside the membership of the commission at a salary of $1,500 a year for all his time. A committee of two was appointed to canvass the situation and recommend a sec¬ retary.

The law creating the commission is broad and it was dis¬ covered that there is much variance in the opinon of the members as to their duties. It was decided to leave the ar- 1 angement of a program of work till a later meeting to give the members time to examine the law more carefully. The next meeting will be held at the call of the chairman, probably September I.

Ex-Deputv State Auditor Amos Brandt, Ex-Deputy Sec¬ retary of State Dan A. Hites, Robert Bailey, L. W. Mc¬ Henry, all of Des Moines, and G. G. Wheat of Emmetts- burg are candidates for secretary.

■ - -

FIVE-YEAR BRICK RATES LOWERED.

The Chicago Board of Underwriters has reduced the five-year term rate on brick dwellings and stables to 90 cents, the minimum tariff having provided that no five-year rate should be less than $1. As the annual rate is cents, the five-year rate under the ordinary rule of three rates for five years, would be 90 cents were it not for the $1 limit. Some mathematician figured out that bv insuring for four years and 364 days a considerably lower rate could be gotten than for five years, and to correct this discrep- ancv the change was made.

32

CLHY

RECORD.

GIMBELS NEW YORK STORE STARTS UP A BIG NEW JERSEY PLANT.

The National Fireproofing Company, of Pittsburg, has obtained the contract for fireproofing the new Gimbel store, one of the largest fireproofing contracts ever awarded in New York city. The store is at Broadway, Thirty-second and Thirty-third streets, just in front of the new Pennsyl¬ vania railroad station.

The fireproofing contract calls for 1,500,000 square feet of hollow terra cotta blocks. Laid end to end, the blocks required for this one job would stretch 285 miles, two- thirds of the distance 'from New York to Pittsburg.

The company will at once start up one of its New Jersey plants, which has not been in operation recently, and set 600 men to work manufacturing the hollow blocks. The installation of the fireproofing in the building will prob¬ ably begin in about three months.

The very large New York undertaking is proving a quickening influence in many lines of business.

The excavation for basements and foundation is rather more than half done. Three shifts of men keep the dirt and rock flying, and each day’s work equals the total exca¬ vation for the average New York building. The erection of steel will start September 3.

VICTIMS OF FEVER AT WASHBURN’S BEING WELL CARED FOR.

The condition of the fever patients at Washburn’s brick yard, East Kingston, N. Y., is improving and indications are that there will be no fatalities. Only one patient, a little, girl, shows any symptoms of typhoid fever, which are slight.

There are now about 32 fever patients, several having been discharged as cured. George Washburn, is doing everything that is possible for the care of the patients, an extensive hospital camp having been laid out with Dr. E. H. Loughran, who is health officer of the town of Ulster in charge. The colored men who are patients are in tents by themselves and the white patients in separate tents. There are no women afflicted with the fever, the cause for which seems to puzzle the doctors. There is a cook tent with a competent cook, while three trained nurses, Miss Mary Hamburger being head nurse. The hospital camp is kept in perfect neatness. Every precaution is being taken to stop the epidemic and prevent the spread of the fever.

A similar fever, from what men who came to the brick yards asking for work, said, is also raging at up-the-river points, there being about 40 cases near Hudson.

Great credit is due Mr. Washburn for his prompt steps in having the camp established, engaging trained nurses, etc., and seeing that the wants of the sick people are being carefully attended to. ^ _

POTTERS PAY EXPENSES FOR CAMP MEETING

Sebring, Ohio. — The annual camp meeting held by the Sebring Brothers, builders of the town bearing their name, opened July 23.

The Sebrin? Brothers came here eight years ago from East Liverpool (there were five of them then) and after purchasing a large area of poor ground from the farmers who thought the strangers wanted to raise stock, built the thriving little pottery town which now has 3,500 population, no saloons and several factories in addition to the four china potteries.

One of the peculiarities of the town is that everyone buving property from the Sebrings finds a clause in the deed specifying that no liqour shall ever be sold on the premises, so that the town has always and always will be dry. Camp meetings are held every year in a special tract of land set aside and equipped by the Sebrings for the pur¬ pose.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Kentucky Unit Brick & Tile Co. has been organized at Louisville, Ky., with $90,000 capital stock. The incor¬ porators are S. D. Atkisson, I. R. Jeffers and D. Price. They will manufacture brick and tile of cement under the Sawyer system which was first started at Charlotte, N. C.

J. R. Ingraham and others have purchased four acres of land near Turner, Kansas, and will establish a sand pressed brick works. The Kaw river sand will be used.

The officers of the Denbigh (N. Dak.) Brick Co. are having trouble to supply all the orders for sand and lime brick that are coming in to them.

The Tri-city Sandstone Brick Co., Moline, Ill., has sur¬ rendered its charter and asks for a dissolution.

The Charleston (Mo.) Tiling Co. is turning out cement tile up to 24 inches, having modern tile machine. J. I. Belote is the able manager.

The tile and cement block factory of M. R. Corbett, East Main St., Pana, Ill., is opened for business. A spe¬ cialty will be made of drainage tile.

Excavations have been started on Vogel’s Island, Mil¬ waukee, Wis., for the $10,000 factory for the Wisconsin Composite Brick Co., the city office of which is at 3rd and Grand Ave.

The Granite Brick Co., Norfolk, Va., took 75 men of Nor¬ folk down to their brick manufacturing plant, where $90,- 000 has been invested, for inspection. R. C. Marks is president of the company and R. C. Marks, Jr., secretary and treasurer.

The Owensboro (Ky.) Sandlime Brick Co. is doing a good business these days. The company was started by local men and capital and the product is sent in all sections of the country.

The Hydraulic Stone & Brick Co. plant at West Bend, Wis., is working full time with an enlarged force since it changed hands and is owned by Merrit H. Evans, of Min¬ neapolis, Minn. Wm. Capelle, an experienced brick chem¬ ist, has full charge of the plant.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

The New Lambertville (N. J.) Pottery has been put in motion.

An order has been issued by A. M. Moreland, of Pitts¬ burg, Pa., to raise the buildings known as the Union Pot¬ tery Co. plant at East Liverpool, O., on account of they being considered unsafe.

The receiver for the Bell Pottery Co., of E. Columbus, O., has been ordered to sell the property at an upset price of $90,000.

The International Art Studios has been organized at Cannelton, Ind., with $30,000 capital stock by William Frances Keates and others. They will manufacture fine chinaware.

H. F. & L. C. Pumphrey, of Fairfield, la., will establish a pottery in that city.

The Leavenworth (Kansas) Brick Works have been started by their new owners. J. S. Bowley of Atchison, is the practical brick manufacturer, who is putting the plant into shape. Additional machinery will be installed, new kilns built and the dryer enlarged to a 32 track dryer. The present machinery and boilers have already been overhauled. They have visited governors as well as laymen and their efforts must produce results.

GLMV RECORD,

33

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Pima Brick & Tile Co., Tuscon, Arizona, has three plants at that place, and are negotiating- with machinery manufacturers for the purchase of machinery to make 40,- 000 brick daily. Louis De V ry is president.

The Libby Pressed Brick & Tile Co. has been incorpor¬ ated at Pierre, S. Dak., with $75,000 capital stock.

The LTah Fire Clay Co., Salt Lake City, has increased its capital stock from $200,000 to $500,000.

The Fire Stone Brick Co., Lexington, N. C., has been in¬ corporated with $50,000 capital stock by J. M. Pugh, J. T. Gumear and' S. E. Williams.

T. B. Wright & C. J. Bowell have formed the Independ¬ ent Builders’ Supply Co. at Shenandoah, la., and will deal in all kinds of building materials. They would be glad to receive catalogues and samples of all kinds.

The Dickman-Duty Brick Co., Cleveland, O., is making extensive improvements at its Collingwood plant that will cost over $30,000.

New York capitalists have organized a brick company and will erect a large plant at North Mountain, W. Va., starting some time in July. E. W. Mack, of St. Louis, Mo., is also interested.

H. H. Peterson will remove his brick plant from Holt- ville, Cal., to El Centro. Fie has secured land near the Southern Pacific depot and will construct a power brick plant making 25,000 brick daily.

The Nebraska Drain Tile Co. has been organized at Tekamah, Nebr., capital $75,000. The buildings will be 160x60 and 40x80 feet. The plant will be equipped with a dryer and start with four kilns. All buildings will be of brick.

The Gary Sand Co., Michigan City, Ind., has been or¬ ganized by John S. Field, Alexander Dahlman, C. B. Shef- fler and N. C. Fisher.

The Burlington (Wis.) Brick & Tile Co., having nearly exhausted their present clay holdings, have purchased an¬ other track and can continue making their splendid tile.

The Utah Fire Clay Co., of Salt Lake City, has received an order for seven miles of vitrified pipe to be laid in that city. The work of laying same has been commenced.

The Bickford Fire Brick Co., Lock Flaven, Pa., will in¬ crease its output to eight turns daily at its Curwensville plant and will double its force of men. The local plant ex¬ pects to be busy the balance of the year.

The Eureka Fire Brick Works at Dunbar, Pa., report through its manager, H. Watson, that the demand for coke oven brick is improving and the plant is running to its full¬ est capacity.

It is understood that a company will be organized to manufacture brick at Poteau, Okla. J. J. Sabin is the present leasee of the plant.

The Vulcan Brick Co., Athens, N. Y., is putting in ma¬ chinery and will have an up-to-date yard. Wm. E. Fitz¬ gerald, of Fludson, is the manager of the yard.

The Lexington (Mo.) Press Brick Co. recently added a Fernholtz Dry Press to its already well equipped yard. It will greatly increase the capacity of the plant.

Batdorf & Co., Burlington, Kansas, will enlarge the ca¬ pacity of their tile plant and will build another kiln of twice the capacity of any of the present kilns.

L. M. Frawley, manager of the Elk City (Kansas) Brick Co. has a 11 pound boy assistant manager, born June 12.

Independence, Kansas, is to have another brick plant lo¬ cated on the Page farm south of town. All the preliminary work has been done, the shale tested and gas contracted for.

Work has been started on the brick works at Lucasville, O., under the supervision of Mr. Oakes. They expect to be making brick in a short time.

The South Shore Ry. has completed the side track for the new brick plant at St. Ignace, Mich., to be built for the Northern Michigan Brick & Tile Co. by Calumet and Houghton people. E. A. Reavie, of Laurinum, is the man¬ ager.

The Wilipcoba Clay Works will make 100,000 brick daily at their plant at Ragland, Ala., soon as all the kilns are completed, four being in use now and two under construc¬ tion. C. H. Pettman is general manager.

The Bloomdale (O.) Tile & Brick Co. has been incor¬ porated with $150,000 capital stock by R. W. McPherson, M. L. Wiseley, O. F. Campbell, L. R. Good and J. M. Martin.

The Bippus (Ind.) Tile Co. has increased their capital stock $10,000, issuing preferred stock for same. -

The New York Pressed Brick Co. will reopen its plant U. J. Matson will be the superintendent. The company will at Canandaigua, N. Y., and employ a large force of men. extend its work so as to manufacture roofing tile as well as all kinds of pressed brick.

Edward Smith, of Cherryvale, Kansas, has taken the management of the Midland Brick Co. at Sedan and has a force rebuilding the kilns and putting the plant in order. Heyburn, Idaho, has a new brick works.

The Ivie Brick Works at Kirksville, Mo., has been pur¬ chased by a number of local business men and the plant will be completely overhauled and $10,000 expended to com¬ plete it.

The Hebron (N. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co. are now mak¬ ing glazed or enameled brick and making shipments as far west as Oregon.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged

to Suit all Locations

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Point* of Superiority

one-half of the fuel used on

Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. H A I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

CLKY RECORD.

3.

The Flint River Brick Co., N. J. Cruger president, will spend $60,000 on their Albany, Ga., brick plant this fall.

Porter Bros. & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., and Kenilworth (Newell P. O.), W. Va., will establish a brick plant at Weir.

The Eureka Fire Brick Co., Tuscaloosa, Ala., has been incorporated by James D. O’Grady, H. W. Sweet, G. Baugh and N. Hedge.

The Rainier (Oregon) Face Brick & Clay Co. has been incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are J. W. Bayliss, S. B. Bayliss and N. L. Nash.

The Blackwell (Okla.) Brick Tile & Gas Co. has been in¬ corporated with $50,000 capital stock by J. W. Beatty, W. H. Thompson, Z. A. Harris, N. B. Kistler and W. M. Vickery.

Plans are under way for the installation of electric power at the works of the Menomonie (Wis.) Hydraulic Pressed Brick Co. ; large motors will drive the machinery, taking the place of steam.

A company has been formed at Brownsville, Texas, for the purpose of building a brick and drain tile plant. The stockholders are N. Allen, G. D. Fairbanks, E. Von Ant¬ werp and H. H. Bunker.

While locating coal in the hills near Jamestown, N. Dak., a large deposit of fine brick clay was found on the James river and Aberdeen parties have secured a lease and expect to build a large brick plant.

The Paragon Brick Co., Sheridan, Wyoming, has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. The directors are W. P. Waters, Wm. FI. Huntley, Fred H. Blume, L. B. Glafcke and E. C. Hecox.

The Kalona (Iowa) Tile Works, which recently burned the first kiln of tile under the new management are so sat¬ isfied with results that they will remodel the old plant and install new machinery in the near future.

The Atlantic Tiling Co. has broken ground for their large plant at Perth Amboy, N. J. A tract, 500x200, has been secured near the heart of the city. They will be one of the largest wall tile producers in the States.

Dr. John B. Sewell, Baldwin, La., has burned his first test kiln of brick at his works in Bayou Teche, and they are satisfactory. The brick are hand made but the doctor ex¬ pects to get improved machinery and make brick by modern methods.

FOR SALE COLUMBIA CLAY WORKS

Entire Sewer Pipe Plant and Clay Mine, located near Columbia, Ill., being only 14 miles from St. Louis, on Mobile & Ohio R. R.

Private Switch and Locomotive.

Unlimited Supply of Clay.

For Particulars, Address:

COLUMBIA CLAY WORKS

610 Commonwealth Trust Bld’g. - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

The La Rue (O.) Tile Co. has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock by C. McAllister and others.

J. R. Neal, of Portland, Oregon, is testing clays at Ridge, field, Wash., with the view of building an up-to-date brick yard.

J. A. Johnson, of Ontario, has found a rich body of clay near Prince Rupert, B. C., also sand and expects to develop it.

R. M. Bachus is making 1,000,000 brick at Gififord, Idaho. The demand for brick has never been so great since the plant was started.

J. R. Ingraham and others have purchased four acres of land near Turner, Kansas, and will establish a pressed brick yard. The Kaw river sand will be used.

The Sioux City (la.) Brick & Tile Works has purchased a large motor truck, which will be used in the future instead of horses, to haul brick for delivery in the city.

Senator Fred W. Gooding has ordered the machinery, cleared the land and laid water pipes to his new brick yard near Shoshone, Idaho. The yard will turn out 20,000 brick daily.

At Correctionville, Iowa, the Cherry Red Pressed Brick Co. is issuing $25,000 bonds for the purpose of making ex¬ tensive improvements to the plant. G. A. Bailey is presi¬ dent, G. N. Fairchild, of Sioux City, is an officer of the company.

The formation of a $100,000 company has been organ¬ ized by George F. Atkins as president, Dr. C. F. Wilcox, vice president, Dr. E. E. Wilcox, treasurer, and Attorney W. W. Little, secretary. They will exploit Dry Canyon at Salt Lake City, Utah. Samples of silica brick have already been made, and it is expected to build a fire brick plant.

DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

: ~ FOR -

BANK SAND GLASS SAND ROCK, CLAY COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence and our dryers are operating in all parts of the world. Write for list of installations and catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

li

35

The Carrollton (Ky.) Brick Co. has been organized with $60,000 capital stock.

The Checotah (Okla.) Business League is negotiating with parties to start a brick works at that place.

Deming, N. Mex., has a new brick plant which will em¬ ploy 15 men. Heretofore all brick were shipped in.

The Weir City (Kansas) Brick Co. has closed a contract for 1,000.000 brick for Drury College at Springfield, Mo.

M. J. Lee, of Crawfordsville, Ind., has purchased The Paola (Kansas) Brick & Tile Works and will double its capacity.

E. E. Seniff, a Pittsburg, Kansas, contractor, has become the owner of a brick plant at Leesville, La. George Barney formerly owned the plant.

The Denver (Colo.) Fire Clay Co. has been reorganized and purchased by W. W. Case, Jr., who is president and John Donaldson secretary and treasurer.

At a meeting of the directors of the Dresden Sewer Pipe Co., held in Zanesville, O., plans were made to erect a $75,- 000 plant at Dresden. Lee Humphrey, of Junction City, is the president and C. D. Moore, secretary.

Work on the $250,000 fire brick and clay products plant of the Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., near Ensley, Ala., is being rushed as rapidly as possible. It is expected the plant will be put in operation September 1st.

A third vitrified brick plant is now proposed to be built at Independence, Kansas. This one will be on the Park- hurst land near the Santa Fe Ry. The land costing $300 per acre.

A company has been organized with $20,000 capital stock to manufacture brick and tile at Albia, Iowa.

The Ardmore (Okla.) Brick & Tile Co. is now running its plant to its fullest capacity, making 100,000 brick daily.

The E. E. Meyer Tile & Brick Works at Crescent City, Ill., has undergone complete renovation and rebuilding.

The East Peoria (Ill.) Brick Co. has closed a contract for 1,000,000 brick for the construction of the new Jeffer¬ son building.

The Brooklyn (N. Y.) Vitrified Tile Works has had all its capital stock paid in. The directors are Julward A. Mer- dian, William Chell and Osier J. Villy.

A. B. Day and M. W. Havey have bought the S. J. Camp¬ bell brick yard and saw mill at Independence, La., and in¬ tend doing a large brick and lumber business.

C. R. Richards, proprietor of the Richards Brick & Tile Works at Clyde, O., says he will dismantle the plant soon. He is also interested in the Clyde Brick & Tile Works, so he will still be in the business.

The Madisonville (Ky.) Drain Tile Co. has been incor¬ porated with $10,000 capital stock by L. W. Schmetzer, of Madisonville, and J. D. Bobbett and Ida W. Bobbett, of Nebo. The plant is at Nebo.

The Alexandria (Va.) Pepress Brick Machine Mfg. Co. has been organized with $25,000 capital stock. Edwin L. Cockrell is president, David N. Rust, Jr., vice president and treasurer, Wm. R. Stone, Jr., secretary and manager.

25 Per Cent Discount

on

Andrus Brick Presses

FOR THIRTY DAYS

BIG STOCK

IMHEDIATE SHIPHENT

Scott Manufacturing Co.,

1515 Third National Bank Building

I

s

3E

£

36

FOR SALE

One power Repress, in number one condition, used only but a short time; capacity 10000 per day. Ask for full particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave. New York

POSITION WANTED

By an up-to-date man as manager or Supt. of pav¬ ing brick plant, thoroughly practical and experi¬ enced in every detail of the business, plant construct - tion, kiln building, and handling all classes of labor. A1 references. Address B 4

Care Clay Record, Chicago

Second-Hand Brick Machinery For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and cutter.

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg. St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A cenveniently located brick plant on the main channel of the James River, 90 miles from Richmond, 18 miles to Newport News, and 40 miles to Norfolk, all having a good steady market for brick. Easy transportation for large boats. Want to see plant in operation. Therefore would make very easy terms. Address MRS. AGNES L- TURNER,

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

FOR SALE.

Profitable brick plant and business; 20,000 capac¬ ity. 4-mold Boyd press; complete equipment. Splendid reputation. Economical situation. Sup¬ plies this section; no competition; a money-making plant. Owners have no other interests.

Address Durango Pressed Brick Co.,

Durango, Colo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

A southern Minnesota Brick and Tile Plant, com¬ plete in running order; has done a good business last year. Good reason for selling. Address Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

FOR SALE

Right and left-hand Ona, Two and Three Wav Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail, at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

Brick and tile plant; coal and potters’ clay mine; all combined in active operation; new machinery, none better ; coal and clay, unlimited quantity; superior in quality; suitable for fire brick, enamel brick or fine face brick, terra cotta, tile, sewer pipe, stone ware; and all high refractory material. As to proportion of strata used, it is 25 ft. thick rock top and easy to mine. Clays burn white, buff, gray, brown, and also makes a fine spreckled manganese brick. As to proportion of clay used— best clay in Illinois. Railroad runs direct through center of 900 acres; direct to St. Louis and Chicago. Reason for sale, owner crippled; will sell on easy payments, trade for good real estate, or lease to good, expe¬ rienced men with capital to operate and increase businecs: Address,

H. T. M..

Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

FORCED FOR SALE

Brick yard for sale within six miles of Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Pa., every improvement, Penn. Ry. sidings into yard. In operation for orders for about three million brick. Address:

A. B. Co,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

SECOND HAND BRICK MACHINERY FOR SALE

8,000 new fire brick; 12,000 second hand fire brick. 140 single Grates as good as new, size 3 ft. 9 in.

18 Kiln doors on frames.

60 double Grates, size 3 ft.

10 plain fire doors.

5 Brick Trucks.

5 Brick Wheel Barrows.

One 40 H, P. Engine.

One 40 H. P. Boiler in good condition.

Several Pumps. One Bottom Dump Car. 800 ft. Small Rail. 2 Switches. 60 ft. 8 inch Canvas Belt¬ ing. 52 ft. 6 inch Belting, used one year.

Address,

HENRY EHLERS & BRO., Watkins, Minn.

Do belter made, cut iron: SB and SIO, to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers

LE CREEK, MICH

FOR SALE.

One four-mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good working condition. Has only been used one year.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

57th and Wallace Sts., Chicago.

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand capabity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬ fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity; automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬ ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20 acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish market for bricks net $7.00 at kiln. Practical mon¬ opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net $20. 00 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand and no factory in 200 miles Cheap fuel and labor; can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬ provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick- maker and to the right party will sell low and easy payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

FOR SALE.

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick. Address,

FERNHOLTZ brick machine CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio

Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Paper Joggers quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St..

One No. 20 Cyclone Disintegrator, made by the C. W. Raymond Co, Has been used about two weeks. Practically new. Address

COLUMBIA BRICK & PLASTER CO.

North East. Md.

POSITION WANTED

As general superintendent or general manager of a large brick works or the construction of such. Have twenty years practical experience and thorough knowledge of the business.

Address Brick Supt.,

P. O. Box 81, Coffeyville, Kans.

WANTED

A first-class Engineer who can handle a corliss engine and look after machinery in brick plant. Must be a man of ability, later full charge of plant will be given to him if satisfactor. Will pay $900 a year to start.

Address “BE” Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

WANTED

One second-hand medium size steam shovel for handling clay or sand.

Address E. J. KELLER,

Lexington, Okla.

DRYE.R CARS

We have on hand a lot of secoud hand single and double deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new having been used but a short time and are in A-l condition. We offer them at a very low price for quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

One hardening cylinder, 72 ft. long, 6 ft. diameter. One 4-Mold Andrus brick press.

One 9-foot Scott Dry Pan.

One Cedar Rapids Sand Dryer.

25 sand lime brick cars, 3 ft. by 5 ft. top.

2 transfer cars all in good condition.

MORGAN BRICK CO.

Norristown, Pa.

FOR SALE

150 Iron Flat Trucks for Cement, Tile or Brick Yard. One 70-inch Buffalo Forge Fan.

One 180 H. P. Heine Boiler Two Freight Elevators

The above machinery is in good condition and at a very low price. S. KRUG WRECKING CO.,

Nebraska City, Neb.

I have a Brick and Tile Plant costing $20,000, Elec¬ tric Power, Steam Dryer. Make soft mud and stiff mud brick and drain tile. I want a man with a few thousand dollars to take one-half interest in the business If you are looking for a good chance to get into business by investing at 50 cents on the dollar, address

J. J. MILLER, Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE CHEAP

One Bullick 100 H. P. Motor, one 9 foot Raymond Pug Mill, one 18 H.P. Gasoline Engine. All nearly new. Address

KIAMENSI CLAY CO.,

Newport Del.

FOR SALE.

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬ mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N- Y.

*

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE of applying AIR UNDER PRESSURE

Absolute control of heat in kiln. Burns all first-class hard brick.

Applies to any style of kiln. 40% reduction in fuel cost.

JOHN C. BOSS, Monger Building, ELKIJART, IND.

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

4

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬ tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

*05 NPW VOPK’ p- °- no*

Pearl Street * ’ G- TV IUKa 171a

ifrap r have tried

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

SSbBfMF out Ricketson's Famous

Red Brick” Brand

EASTON, PA.

y.. COLOR..

BRICK AND MORTAR

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone, etc.. Proves it Absolutely Permanent.

Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black. S

i

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS j

COLORING

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

r*ONT -IND Rear View or TV PC ’£ ' f?UST CLAY" FEEDER A MJXER"

Don't LetYour ProfitsRun Away

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 pe^- year, through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

rite today for our latest catalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO.,

The Marion Flue Blower, (patented February 23. 1909) will save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure you clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the cost of steam hose; it will enable you to clean your boiler while in commision. The accompanying cut shows how the Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler. Each blower is fitted with a nozzle which rotates, and each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler tubes at a time We furnish different sizes as required, and positively guarantee to blow each flue clean.

Please send for our latest catalog fnlly describing this useful invention.

Marion, Inndiana

38

CLHY RECORD.

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

No. 83 Automatic Cutter

No. 51 Electrical Driven Pug Mill No. 38 Double Shaft Pug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

Special Giant Brick Machine

Model “B” Dry Press

Eagle Repress

Roofing Tile Press

No. 65 Auger Brick Machine

XWWIWIW.J I

Sewer PiDe Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery

9 Foot Dry Pan

Blower Dryer Apparatus

/mm

H. P. Brick Machine

Mold Sander

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the ’Best Clay

Working Machinery in the World

40

Fire Brick— Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clev Go.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

V*

4

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4

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Jk A *e<M «tfcr Jk.

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬ ber Up and Down Draft Brick Kilns and Direct Heat and Hot Air Brick Dryers show many new features that make them superior to all others. Economical, durable and strong in construction and operation, having many points of dvantage that appeal to practical brick- makers. Patented April 14, 1903 and September 8. 1903 Brick plants installed and putin operation. Write for booklet. Correspondence solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

vw V V *** v* v yvw v v w*y

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home, Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate. Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

!

*

*

*

*

I

4

*

t

*

AMERICAN RING- HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30# to 60# less Speed, and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its utilization of CENTRIKUGAI. FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis, 36 TaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co., 39 Cortland St., New York City.

Tindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

*

4

4

t

4

4

t

*

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44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWERPIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR COMPANY

CUYIKOOA FILLS, 0.

41

«

w

s

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬ where and merely listed.

ENGINES — Corliss — 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42 Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod- ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES — Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14^x 16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13^x15 Taylor, 13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10 Fisher, 9^x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES— Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler & Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬ lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer, 10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S. & G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬ ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12, 48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8, 5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS — All sizes, open and closed.

POMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated ‘‘Leader” Injectors and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street

Cincinnati, Ohio

I

:

:

:

:

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURO, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬ ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta and ali kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The

Lightest R

tunning

C

)ryer Car f

lade

having a dust proof roller bearing box made of steel. No oil needed. Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works MA^wcA1TY

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this dryer the latter part of January last. This day we have examined our records and find that our daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

42

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

For testing paving brick.

*3 uilt to the

standard specifications of the N. B. M. A.

Best material and ‘workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

This Crusher is specially designed and adapted for use as an auxiliary to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour. Simply constructed and the strongest machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

Masssive and well proportioned. Best material.

Time tried and reliable .

Large capacity. cAcurate mechanism. Independent or yoked mailers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

THE HAYDEN CEAY CRUSHER.

THE HAYDEN BRICK TESTING RATTEER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902 SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick, on which double pressure is exerted.

Don’t confuse our Practical System with the so-called Scientific Systems. We confine ourselves to the manufacture of machinery for making brick from sand and lime; installing the complete plant, starting and operating at our expense until at least 100,000 brick are made before asking for a settlement.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬ tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

W,e Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the United States, and we defy contradiction.

CPUIIDC Perfected

OUnilnO Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING BRICK, TILE AND TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER The "Brickyard Wonder”

For Down-draft Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to suit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved burner whose superiority to all others has been amply demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL-

43

proven Success.

A well-tried and

With Independent and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

ALL STYLES

Built Right,

Price Right, Write Us

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

^ ' (Patented.)

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

3STinL.ES, OHIO

9

44

CLSY RECORD.

We also manufacture complete equipment for Sewer Pipe, Brick, Terra Cotta Drain Tile and Fire-Proofing Works

Write for Description and Price

The Means Foundry & Machine Co.

Eastern Agents

Wilson kiln & dryer co. Steubenville, Ohio

West End Trust "Bldg.

Philadelphia. Pa.

Our Dry and W et Pans are worth your investigation

We build them eight, nine and ten feet in diameter, weighing 30 to 50,000 pounds. They have great crushing and screening capacities

Built by Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co., Capacity 100,000 Brick Per Day.

Why are we always busy?

Because we study the brick business and build kilns and dryers to suit the conditions.

Our smoke-consuming furnaces, and continuous waste heat system, kiln floors, and test kilns have been in every day use for several years and have proven very satisfactory.

Patented July 8, 1902

Our Brick Kilns are modern in every way, and have proven successful wherever built.

Our Radiation Heat Dryer has more radiating surface than any other dryer in use.

The Kilns and Dryers are very econ¬ omical in construction and operation. We believe we have the most satis¬ factory Kiln and Dryer system to pro¬ duce results on the market.

Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co.

West End Trust Building Philadelphia, Pa.

Patented March 3, 1903. No. 721988

Wilson Kilns and Dr

46

CL .RY RECORD.

Paul Puchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co.

Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “ GRANITE BRICIT

My system enables the manufacturer to turn out a sand-lime brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch from proper raw materials Send in a one-pound fair average sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

■a

61 1 CARMEN AVE.

Chicago, U.S.A,

HANDLE TOUR CLAY WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel — Geo H. Clippert|& Bro., Detroit, Mich.

Especially adapted for brickyard require¬ ments. The shovel operates in a complete circle, enabling material to be delivered at side or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust- ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.

Wire Cables used instead of Chains. Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000 daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to 125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

47

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

OFFICE AND SHOPS 18 SLOAN STREET CHICAGO

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

CHICAGO IRON CLAD DRYERS BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

YARD SUPPLIES

STYLE "P” BRICK MACHINE

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA., U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING ENGINEERS & MACHINERY EXPERTS

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK MOULDS THAT ARE BUILT FOR HARD USAGE IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY ASET

OF ALL KINDS

TRUCKS

WE GUILD DRY OR WET PANS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

“WE FURNISH EVERYTHING THE BRICK- MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE "P” CRUSHER

THE “MARTIN” CLAY¬ WORKING MACHINERY

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY, DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE SATISFACTION TIROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

WE

GUARANTEE

OUR

MACHINERY

MODEL SAND DRYER

% hKQhS jdh<10 KjftJO WQHfdtd {dcJOK! $

CLHV RECORD.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK “DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699109 October 10, 1905. No. 95620 November 14, 1905, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

This Dryer, and the design in arranging it, are under the protection of the United States Government by virtue of patents granted. Patents have also been taken out in all the principal foreign countries. We are the sole owners and control these important patents and have authorized NO ONE to manufacture or sell the “MARTIN ”

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-HUD OR STIFF-MUD DRICK

%

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN DRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

Built by Oscar Hammerstein and called the finest Opera House in the World. This beautiful building is faced with over 500,000 of our WHIE SILICATE BRICK, made under our patented process. These bricks were also used to line the wall at back of stage and also for the stairways.

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it cheaper than common brick can be made in any other way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost. The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Eactories 90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Here's Wbat One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Drij Pan:

“Answering yours of the 19th instant; We are pleased to state that the dry pan which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We consider it one of the best, If not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed, be pleased to recommend it to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they Backed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Pans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

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Kilns for the Manufacture of Good Brick. ...

The Calhoun Brick Company . ' . j'

Colombian Clay Manufacturers ..!!!" .

Texas Brick Manufacturers Hold Meeting . . £,

The American Co ’s Dry Pan Department. . fri

Ibe yalue of the aay Products of Illinois in PJ08. ‘ .' .' ■>%

North Dakota Coal and Clay Deposits Studied . «?,

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer . yu

Pacific Coast News Items. ... . 5

Robert Binder Died Suddenly . . .

Revival in Iron and Steel. . . . .

New York Brick Market StifFer . ' ' ' ’

Hocking Brick Plant Progressing . . .

Obituary . ..... . ,

Hire1 Fire!! Fire!!! . .

M r. Rawson an Honorary Member of Press Club of Des Moiu-s ' ’

Accidents. Damages and I,osses The Climax at the Powers .

"Brickyards Must Go," is Slogan of All Civic Bodies .

Court Orders Brick Company to Stop Di°-srim>

Robert Nescli off for Europe . . . . . .

Almost Complete Revival of Construction Activitc Ni d in mi» Northwest ... - .

The Clay- Working industry of the United States ‘ . ' ' ' ' m

The Spokane Sewer Pipe Company ...

New Uses for Kansas Clays . . . . .

Firm Entertains Salesmen .

Brick Man Wins . ! ! ! ! . -

Sand or Dime Brick or Block News

Pottery Plant for Savannah . ‘ 3

Miscellaneous Items . . m°-

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imperative demands from all sections of the country for a cutting table to accurately cut stiff mud face brick has brought out the Champion, the next upward step in the evolution of Rotary Cutters. It is semi-automatic and all of the desired qualities are there, we find nothing to improve about it. It has won its way by sheer merit. It has the good will of every face brick maker who uses it, and many more who have but seen it. It is chock full of perfection. We haven’t room to tell you all about it here, but write now.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

RELIANCE MACHINE and TOOL WORKS, si. Ms, mo.

RELIANCE

BRICK PRESS

The Only

Machine Making Brick Without Granulated Centers

No Toggles Powerful Simple

We Design and Equip Dry Press Brick Plants Complete

Improved Reliance Friction Drum Hoist

STEAM OR BELT DRIVEN

Specially Adapted to Service in Clay Plants

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Six=Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished. More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick a chines combined.

The Boyd Press has great strength and endurance, great pressure and long dwell. Boyd Presses built 20 years ago are still in use and doing good work. Brick Presses that last are the cheapest in the end.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL,

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CHISHOLfl, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

rite foi catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment of brick plants with complete plans.

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THE BOYD BRICK PRES5

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

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CLHY RECORD.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1300 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

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CLHY RECORD.

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the Art of Brickmaking Machinery so pronounced by the United States Government.

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

The BERG for the highest grade of pressed brick of shale or clay. It makes all kinds of shapes and sizes of brick. Changes from one shape to another can be made in less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬ ship. Cut Gearing. Fully Warranted.

The BERG makes the best sand-lime brick and cheapest because it is the strongest machine and gives the highest pres¬ sure. Thirty-five sand- lime plants in United States use the BERG Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The BERG MAKES the highest grade of fire brick. Can make all kinds of shapes desired for fire-brick purposes.

Three distinct pressures make the brick evenly pressed all through. No granulated- cen¬ ters of the brick.

The 1905 Berg Press

Many other steps further forward in im¬ provement and highest grade of material and workmanship, also cut gearing. Fully guaranteed as to its success. Manufactured by its inventor in Toronto, Canada, exclu¬ sively. Plans and specifications on the different kinds of plants furnished, also all equipments.

For prices and full particulars, address

The BERG is f! the best for sand and cement be- cause of its strong pressure. Uses less ce¬ ment, makes cheaper brick.

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The Fernholtz Brick Press

Weighs SIXTEEN Tods, Built for Heavy Work

Holds Pressure on Material Longer and Presses it Harder with Less Power than amj other Pry Press

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company

1446 Old Manchester Hoad, LOUIS, MO.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=KeIler Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick Machine made, and the only Press that gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

The

Indestructible Press with an Irresistible Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬ chased by the United States Gov¬ ernment for use in the Federal Prison at Ft. Leaven¬ worth, Kansas.

CLHY RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Machines with Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, Ill.

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UNION BRICK MACHINES

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We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000 brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be verified by investigation.

. We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬ faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

T PI DEC FOTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class having Steel Gear and Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best Material by the Best Workmen.

Simple, Strong and Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by Potts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank. W^ill not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays. The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

‘Built to T>o the Work

M anufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly Improved in Strength and Convenience

Capacity Increased 60 per cent

Power Required to Operate, 40 per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

We also Man¬ ufacture a Complete Line of

Dry Press Brick Machinery and Brick Yard Supplies

Write us your needs and let us figure with you.

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Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

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CLAY CRUSHERS*

Brewer Crushers are built in a great variety of kinds and sizes. There are Conical Roll Crushers, Straight Roll Crushers, Beaded Roll Crushers, Disintegrators, Compound Disintegrator Crushers and Dry Pans. All in two or more sizes and high=grade construction.

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white=iron shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.

The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in. diameter, and have removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5l/2 in. face. The journals are 12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the safety of other parts is jeopardized. . — -

. with no

________ __________ ______ _ _____ ______ _ __ __ . uould be con-

If Marked

_ . , , . „ . . .. . . . . „ . uc care should be exercised in

Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed spec, £Su„d and properly annealed brick.

Lo take as long to cool a brick as to burn

H. Brewer £

gentlemen, I have given you possibly a crude rrPUMCril jp/»a as to h°w a high gra(le brick should be burnt. This ■ brings us to our subject, “Kilns Suitable for the Manu-

' facture of High Grade Brick.”

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AnderSOn P 0UIR3., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, i - • ^ 111 . .

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for plans or for the right to use this system.

Pay only for what you get and nothing for a piece of “ Blue Sky.”

CAR MADE CAR

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER USED WITH THE GUILDER

Vol. XXXV. No. 2. CHICAGO, JULY 30, 1909

Se m 1-Mom th) y, |1.«0 p*r T«»r Slngl* Copies, - !• Cents

KILNS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GOOD

BRICK. *)

By J. W. Ball, Toronto, Ont.

I will try to fulfill the demand of the secretary in giv¬ ing a paper on the subject of kilns suitable for the manu¬ facture of high grade bricks. I do not know why he should choose me for a paper of this description as there are plenty of men present who could deal with the sub¬ ject in a much abler manner. However, I will do my best, and if it does not come up to your expectations you must look at the raw material.

There are many kinds of kilns on the market to-day for the burning of clayware, viz : — updraft, downdraft, muffle, continuous, semi-continuous, etc. These kilns take various shapes, round, square, rectangular, etc., and all are being used to-day with more or less success.

To burn a high grade of brick successfully in shape, color and soundness, it has to be subjected to certain conditions and the kiln that can produce these conditions most effectively is the kiln most suitable for the manu¬ facture of high grade bricks.

What are the necessary conditions to bring about this desired state of things?

Removal of Water.

The first stage of burning is the removal of the water that is contained in the pores of the clay even after dry¬ ing. This stage is one that has an important bearing on the final result. In this operation may be produced damage to the brick that no subsequent operation can remedy, and that may lessen or totally destroy their mar¬ ket value. If during this period the fires are pushed to any great extent, it will cause the brick to suddenly ex¬ pand and forever spoil their density. To have poor cir¬ culation (which means insufficient draft, moreover, slow evaporation) is one way to produce scum on the bricks. It is, therefore, necessary during this stage to generate heat slowly yet constantly with a good draft, plenty of air and under no consideration should the temperature be raised above boiling point for the first two or three days.

Heat Slowly and Evenly Raised.

After the watersmoking has been carried through suc¬ cessfully and the kiln is dry, the heat can be slowly and evenly raised with plenty of air passing into the fire¬

*) Paper read before the Convention of the Canadian Clay Products Manu¬ facturers’ Association at Brantford, to Introduce the Discussion on Kilns Suitable for the Manufacture of High Grade Brick.

boxes to drive the heat through the entire mass of brick.

It is during this stage that all combustible matter is taken out of the brick. A kiln of brick pushed at this stage of burning is likely to be spoilt, but this stage of burning can be very quickly done, providing that good draft is maintained, plenty of air is allowed to pass in to the fireboxes and the firing is done light and often.

Bricks damaged at this stage are likely to show a swelled appearance. Sometimes when broken you will find them blue and black through the section, and very spongy. I have seen brick spoilt at this stage twice their normal size when drawn.

Perhaps you have noticed pieces of brick that show a very porous blue and swelled appearance. This trouble is caused by improper treatment during the oxidation period. The outside crust of the brick has been fused with quick firing and closed up the pores so that the combustible material has had no way of escape and has, therefore, burst, become swelled or discolored in conse¬ quence. This stage of burning can be watched and its progress noted by taking out at intervals bricks and breaking them through. At first you will notice a black centre with a greyish border, and as the black centre de¬ creases, the light border increases, when the black has disappeared altogether and the whole mass has reached a greyish color, oxidation period is practically over.

The Hardening Process.

The vitrification or hardening process comes next, when the clay is bonded together and when it attains its maximum density, strength and resistance to abrasion and absorption of water.

To practical men this is the shrinkage period and it is our aim to get the greatest amount of shrinkage without deforming the bricks or causing them to stick together.

There are many more points of importance than those mentioned to produce a high grade brick, viz. : — That at all times there should not be any great change of tem¬ perature, but an even and gradual rise of heat with no going back; and the whole mass of brick should be con¬ trolled by the dampers.

After the bricks are burnt care should be exercised in cooling to produce a sound and properly annealed brick, and it ought to take as long to cool a brick as to burn it up.

Now, gentlemen, I have given you possibly a crude idea as to how a high grade brick should be burnt. This brings us to our subject, “Kilns Suitable for the Manu¬ facture of High Grade Brick.’’

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CLKY RECORD.

Advantages of the Updraft Kiln.

As I said before, there are many kinds of kilns on the market to-day, all being used with more or less success, but though there are many kinds of kilns there are also more kinds of materials, therefore, the kiln suitable for any particular clay is a matter to be decided by the man on the spot. However, I think it would not be amiss if I give a few of the advantages and disadvantages of the various kinds of kilns used to-day.

The advantages of an updraft are : —

(a) Its large capacity at moderate cost of construction.

(b) Its quickness in cooling.

(c) Its convenience in emptying.

(d) Its low cost of repair, etc.

Its disadvantages are the practical impossibility of burning without considerable waste from cracked, broken, warped and overburnt bricks, also the time and expense in platting and covering down each time